Coh 608 how can the_distance_which_food_travels_from
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Transcript of Coh 608 how can the_distance_which_food_travels_from
CAN THE AMOUNT OF CARBON DIOXIDE
EMISSION AFFECTING THE ECOSYSTEM
FROM FOOD PRODUCTION SITE TO
CONSUMER TABLE BE EFFECTIVELY
CALCULATE?? “CARBON FOOD MILES” AN
OVERVIEW.
br. José F. Pereira, OSGC
Professor: Zohir Chowdhury, Ph.DSchool of Health and Human Services – MPH
National University – San Diego, CA, 92123
THE BEGINNING
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PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE Around 12,000BC humans have change from hunting and
gathering to agriculture and settlement (Gupta, 2004), and with this action started effecting the local environment.
Originally food was produce to serve local demand.
With an estimated world population of 6,881,981,864 on November 16, 2010 (US Census Bureau), local production is not able to supply the demand and food has to be produce in distant location to supply many markets.
With an expected world population of 9,309,051,539 (NPG, n.d.) by 2050, this demand will be much higher.
Food has become significantly responsible for the growth of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere with an increase of 50 percent between 1850 and 1990 (USDA)
much as 31 percent of the EU's greenhouse gas emissions come from the food chain.
TRANSPORTATION ANDCARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
GLOBAL FOOD TRANSPORTATION
Burns a lot of fossil fuel and contributes to global warming. shipping industry globally annually emits 1.2 billion tons
of carbon dioxide (CNN World) aviation industries which emits between 600 and 650
million tons.(CNN World)
The rise transport has led to increases in the environmental, social and economic burdens associated with carbon dioxide emissions, air pollution, congestion, accidents and noise.
TRANSPORTATION ACCOUNTS FOR 14% OF ENERGY USE WITHIN THE FOOD SYSTEM IN
THE US
Source: Heller and Keoleian. Life Cycle-Based Sustainability Indicators for Assessment of the U.S. Food System. 2000
http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/foodmiles.html
ENERGY USE AND EMISSIONS FOR DIFFERENT MODES OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT
IN THE US
http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/foodmiles.html
“CARBON FOOD MILES” Concept started on 1994 with
the publication of “The Food Mile Report” by British researcher, Andrea Paxton.
Demonstrated that food travels between 1,500 to 2,500 miles (1990) from the farm to the kitchen and by 2007 was traveling 25% father (Wikipedia).
Refer to the distance which food travels from its source farm to the place where we buy it. not taking in consideration
distance between where we buy to table
One measure of the amount of energy used to transport food and the consequent pollutants released by that transport.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_miles
“CARBON FOOD MILES” CONTINUATION
Transport may account for 10-20% of the total energy use.
Foods with a high store capability (e.g.: grains) has a much higher total energy input and have a lower proportional transport cost (~ 10%)
foods with a lower store capability (e.g.,: fresh apples) has a relatively low inputs and no preparation and have a higher proportional transport cost (~50%).
DECREASING“CARBON FOOD MILES”
reduce (CO2) emissions of food’s freight Protects ecological management:
encouraging biodiversity which: decreased and or removal of chemical fertilizers
and pesticides of the land and water
strengthens local economies by: protecting and encouraging creation of
small local farms creating local jobs and local shops increasing local food security Offer fresher Crops
Pros
http://www.bath.ac.uk/carpp/lowcarbon/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/climate-change-and-the-food-industry.pdf
DECREASING“CARBON FOOD MILES”
measuring (CO2) emissions of food’s freights ignores the total impact of food production and consumption
local food often is more costly ignores benefits of free trade restrict food’s choice to seasonal crops damage on third world economies
which rely on food exports ruse to justify protectionism
Cons
http://www.bath.ac.uk/carpp/lowcarbon/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/climate-change-and-the-food-industry.pdf
BEFORE “CARBON FOOD MILES” IS USE IN FOOD LABELS
CONCLUSSION
needs to be calculate effectively by having the point of origin
needs to be able to introduce to the equation many different means of transportations used.
able to integrate in the calculation (CO2) emission from estimated food production: crops decay farms machinery Packing etc…
http://www.seventhgeneration.com/learn/blog/do-food-miles-carry-us-farther-sustainability
FOOD MILES TOOLS Life Cycles Food CalculatorThe Life Cycles food calculator determines the distance and amount of
greenhouse gases saved if a certain food product is bought locally as opposed to imported. www.gworks.ca/lcsite/food_directory/?q=foodmiles/inventory/add
Food Carbon Footprint CalculatorA tool for residents within the UK to calculate their food carbon footprint to
better understand the extent to which food decisions impact global warming. www.foodcarbon.co.uk
LCA Food DatabaseA tool for acquiring an aggregated description of emissions, waste and the
resource use from soil to kitchen per unit of different food items. www.lcafood.dk
Iowa Produce Market Potential CalculatorThis calculator was designed to help users determine expanding markets in
Iowa if consumers ate more locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables rather than produce from conventional sources outside the state. www.leopold.iastate.edu/research/calculator/home.htm
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QUESTIONS?
References:
All About: food and the environment (2007, November 21). Retrieved on November 01, 2010 from CNN website: http://edition.cnn.com/2007/BUSINESS/11/21/eco.food/index.htm
Climate Change, Carbon, and Forestry in Northwestern North America: Proceedings of a Workshop November 14 - 15, 2001 Orcas Island, Washington, Retrieved on November 14, 2010 from United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) website: http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr614.pdf
CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE FOOD INDUSTRY | CLIMATE LABELING FOR FOOD PRODUCTS: POTENTIAL AND LIMITATIONS (2008, March). Retrieved from University of Bath (UB), UK, website: http://www.bath.ac.uk/carpp/lowcarbon/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/climate-change-and-the-food-industry.pdf
Food Miles (2010, November 14). retrieved on November 15, 2010 from Wikipedia.Org website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_miles
Gupta, A (2010) Origin of agriculture and domestication of plants and animals linked to early Holocene climate amelioration", Current Science, Vol. 87, No. 1, 19 October 2010. Retrieved on November 01, 2010 from India Academy of Sciences website: http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/jul102004/54.pdf
Oliver, R. (2008, January 20). Carbon Dioxide Shipping’s impact on the air. November 14, 2010, from CNN World News website: http://articles.cnn.com/2008-01-20/world/eco.about.ships_1_greenhouse-gases-independent-tanker-owners-emissions?_s=PM:WORLD
Reducing Food Miles (2010, June 16). Retrieved on 11/14/10 from The National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service (ATTRA) website: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/farm_energy/food_miles.html
Total Midyear World Population1950-2050, Facts & Figures (n.d).Retrieved on November 01, 2010, from Negative Population.org (NPG) website: http://www.npg.org/facts/world_pop_year.htm
U.S. & World Population Clocks (22:50 UTC (EST+5) Nov 16, 2010). Retrieved on 11, 16,2010 from US Census Bureau website: http://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html
References: Picture slides:
Slide 3 –Retrieved from website: http://www.nextnature.net/2008/09/join-the-neolithic-revolution on 11/14/10
Slide 7 – Retrieved from website: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/foodmiles.html on 11/14/10
Slide 8 – Retrieved from website: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/foodmiles.html on 11/14/10
Slide 9 – Retrieved from website: http://www.cartoonstock.comon 11/14/10
Slide 13 – Retrieved from website: http://www.catoonstock.com on 11/14/10
Slide 14 – Retrieved from website: http://www.seventhgeneration.com/learn/blog/do-food-miles-carry-us-farther-sustainability on 11/14/10
Slide 15 - Retrieved from website: http://www.eatlocal.net/challenge.html on 11/14/10
Slide 16 – Retrieved from website: http://www.cariecartoons.com on 11/14/10