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Coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) removal in coffee plantations: a pest control service provided by birds

Alejandra Martínez-SalinasJoint Doctoral Program

CATIE and University of Idaho

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Map: Estrada-Carmona, N.

(Atlas de Costa Rica, 2005)

• Overlap with hotspots (Moguel and Toledo 1999, Myers et al. 2000)

• High value for BD conservation, especially for bird species, depending on management (Perfecto et al. 1996; Greenberg et al. 1997a, b; Wunderle and Latta 1998; Cruz- Angón and Greenberg 2005)

• Important crop in tropical regions of the world (FAO 2007)

ESP Conference / Costa Rica / 2014

Why the coffee berry borer?

4ESP Conference / Costa Rica / 2014

Why the coffee berry borer?

• CBB is one if not the most damaging pest known to affect coffee crops (Damon 2000; Bustillo 2006; Vega et al. 2009)

• Native of central Africa. First record, France in 1867 (Damon 2000; Jaramillo et al. 2011)

• First detected in CR in 2000 now nationwide (ICAFE 2011, Staver et al. 2001)

• Controlled under prescription with endosulfan. Highly toxic (Weber et al. 2010)

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5ESP Conference / Costa Rica / 2014

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• CATIE farm: 1036 ha, 85 ha coffee

• Pairwise experiment (Exclusions of bird activity)

How to measure pest control ?

ESP Conference / Costa Rica / 2014

25 m5m

50 m

Excluded

Not excluded

20m

Coffee plot

Canopy cover

10 m

Brocap® trap

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How to measure pest control ?

• Dynamic of coffee berry borer at the plot level (brocap traps) (PROCAFE, Santa Tecla, El Salvador, and CIRAD, Montpellier, France)

• Bird community at the plot level through fixed radius point counts

• Stomach content samples and faeces (mistnetting)Mistnetting protocolsEmetics (Ipecac, Carapichea ipecacuanha) Diamond et al. (2007)Faeces

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What have we learn so far?

Brocap® traps collection dates

Tota

l num

ber o

f coff

ee b

erry

bor

er (H

ypot

hene

mus

ham

pei)

trap

ped

in B

roca

p® tr

aps

Brocap® traps collection dates

Tota

l num

ber o

f coff

ee b

erry

bor

er (H

ypot

hene

mus

ham

pei)

trap

ped

in B

roca

p® tr

aps

Brocap® traps collection dates

Tota

l num

ber o

f coff

ee b

erry

bor

er (H

ypot

hene

mus

ham

pei)

trap

ped

in B

roca

p® tr

aps

12ESP Conference / Costa Rica / 2014

What have we learn so far?

• 118 bird species detected- 100 (85%) species include

invertebrates as part of their diet- 29 (25%) species exclusively

insectivores- Only 18 (15%) do not include

invertebrates as part of their diet

• 25 (21%) species of Neotropical migrants- 11 exclusively insectivore- 23 include invertebrates as part of

their diet.

Bird community

13ESP Conference / Costa Rica / 2014

What have we learn so far?

• Infestation rates significantly higher in coffee shrubs excluded in comparison with coffee shrubs exposed to bird foraging activity (F=23.40, p=0.0019)

• Positive cbb DNA identification in samples from faeces and emesis

Exclosures

14ESP Conference / Costa Rica / 2014

How to convert this output into an outcome?

Fabrice DeClerck, PhD Bioversity International

Kerri Vierling, PhD University of Idaho

Jacques Avelino, PhD CIRAD

Lee Vierling, PhD University of Idaho

University of Idaho (Foster Fellowship)

IGERT Project (University of Idaho/CATIE/NSF)

Bird Monitoring Program Volunteers (PMA)NMBCA – Borders and Barriers ProjectNatalia Estrada, PhD (Bioversity International)

Sergio Vilchez (Departamento de Estadística CATIE)

Acknowledgements

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Thank you !

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