Codes, Computers & Instant Communication Amazing possibilities in science, engineering, and...
Transcript of Codes, Computers & Instant Communication Amazing possibilities in science, engineering, and...
Codes, Computers & Instant Communication
Amazing possibilities in science, engineering, and technology
Developed for CWSE-ON © Melanie Veltman 2011
Science, Engineering and Technology revolutionize the world we live in
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What do scientists, engineers, and technologists do?
Build
DesignTest
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Build
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Image courtesy Bethany Deyell
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Scientists, Engineers, and Technologists
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Image Source: http://www.thatsamess.com
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Many of us use computer science, engineering, and technology
every day
Every day things?
Codes, Computers & Instant Communication
Number Systems are Codes
Decimal System
Base 1010 choices: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
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Representing a Number with
Base 10 – The Decimal Systemtens of
thousandsthousands hundreds tens ones25 7 0 8
Remember- this number is a sum:5 ten thousands + 2 thousands + 7 hundreds + 0 tens + 8 ones
(5 x 10 000) + (2 x 1000) + (7 x 100) + (0 x 10) + (8 x 1) = 52 708
Two Choice Number System
What if we only had two choices? OFF or ON
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sixteens eights fours twos ones
11 0011 0011 0011 0011 00
01 1 1 0
This number is a sum:
(1 sixteen + 0 eights +1 four + 1 two + 0 ones)
16 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 0 = 22
sixteens eights fours twos ones
Base 2 – the Binary System
sixteens eights fours twos ones
11 0011 0011 0011 0011 00
01 1 1 0
This number is a sum:
(1 sixteen + 0 eights +1 four + 1 two + 0 ones)
16 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 0 = 22
sixteens eights fours twos ones
Base 2 – the Binary System
What about Text?
01101000 01101001 01101000 01101001 00100000 01101101 00100000 01101101 01100101 01101100 01100101 01101100 01100001 01101110 01100001 01101110 01101001 01100101 01101001 01100101 0010000100100001
hi melanie!hi melanie!00 11 11 00 00 00 00 11
= a
Standard based on Standard based on 88 bits bits (a byte)(a byte)
Allows Allows 256256 unique codes, unique codes,
from from 0 - 2550 - 255
ASCII Code for Text
ASCII Code for Text
Representing Pictures in Binary
PicPicture ture ElElementsementsareare
PIXELS PIXELS
9x9pixels
How could we code this in binary?
111100111
110001110
101000100
000000000
100000110
110000111
111110011
111111011
111110011
So many pixels!
Standard Photo:1600 x 1200
=1 920 000 pixels!
MEGA Pixels!We need to store
image information in a more efficient code
1200
1600
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1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1
E
A B C D E F G
D
A A
F
1 0 E 0 E
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
E 0 F 1 0
D 0 F 1 1
A D G
A A G
Ziv Lempel coding
D
Binary code:
81 bits
Ziv-Lempel code:
45 bits
Close to 50%savings!
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N P Q R
01110000000000001110 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N P Q R
Chunk Size:4
• Write the most efficient CODE • Rows OR columns• Any chunk size• EFFICIENCY = fewest number of characters
A B C D E F G H J
Row 1: 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0Row 2: 1 A E A 1 0Row 3: Row 4:…
A E A1 1 0
How do they work?
Might Science, Engineering, or Might Science, Engineering, or Technology be for you?Technology be for you?
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SCIENCEIf you don’t make mistakes, you’re doing it
wrong.
If you … are creativeIf you … are creative
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… … like problem solvinglike problem solving
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… … care about the future of our planetcare about the future of our planet
Image Source: http://www.newlaunches.com/entry_images/0907/05/klm.php
Admission RequirementsAdmission Requirements
College (Technology)College (Technology) Applied OR AcademicApplied OR Academic Level Science & MathLevel Science & Math
University (Science, Engineering)University (Science, Engineering) Academic Level Academic Level Science, Math, EnglishScience, Math, English
NUMERACY is as important as NUMERACY is as important as LITERACY!LITERACY!
Greater effort = greater results!Greater effort = greater results!
Thank you!
What will you do with your future?