Codes & Standards Update

Douglas Reindl, Ph.D., P.E. Professor, University of Wisconsin Director, Industrial Refrigeration Consortium

2014 IRC R&T Forum May 7-8, 2014

Overview - Definitions

▪ Regulations mandatory requirements & issued by Federal, State or local governments

▪ Standards documents consensus design and/or operating practices

▪ Codes establishes minimum requirements

▪ Guidelines documents recommended or best practices

▪ Corporate Engineering Standards

▪ Data Sheets or White Papers

Principal Codes & Standards for Ammonia Refrigeration

▪ ASME ▪ B&PV Code (Pressure vessels) ▪ B31.5 (Refrigeration Piping)

▪ IIAR ▪ IIAR 1, IIAR 2, IIAR 3, IIAR 5, IIAR 7

▪ ASHRAE ▪ Standard 15 & Standard 34

▪ Codes ▪ International Mechanical Code ▪ International Fire Code ▪ Uniform Mechanical Code

▪ Other State & Local Codes

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IIAR Guidelines

▪ Bulletin 107 - Suggested Safety and Operating Procedures When Making Ammonia Refrigeration Plant Tie-ins

▪ Bulletin 108 - Water Contamination in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems

▪ Bulletin 109 - Minimum Safety Criteria for a Safe Ammonia Refrigeration System

IIAR Guidelines

▪ Bulletin 110 - Start-Up, Inspection and Maintenance of Ammonia Mechanical Refrigerating Systems

▪ Bulletin 111 - Guidelines for Ammonia Machinery Room Ventilation

▪ Bulletin 112 - Guidelines for Ammonia Machinery Room Design

IIAR Guidelines

▪ Bulletin 114 - Identification of Ammonia Refrigeration Piping and System Components (new version just released)

▪ Bulletin 116 - Avoiding Component Failure in Industrial Refrigeration Systems Caused by Abnormal Pressure or Shock

▪ ARTG-GDL1 – Ammonia Refrigeration Training Guideline

Current IIAR Standards

▪ IIAR 1-2012 - Definitions and Terminology used in IIAR Standards

▪ IIAR 2-2008 (Addendum A & B) - Equipment, Design, & Installation of Closed-Circuit Ammonia Mechanical Refrigerating Systems

▪ IIAR 3-2012 – Ammonia Refrigeration Valves

▪ IIAR 5-2013 - Start-up and Commissioning of Closed-Circuit Ammonia Mechanical Refrigerating Systems

▪ IIAR 7-2013 - Developing Operating Procedures for Closed-Circuit Ammonia Mechanical Refrigerating Systems

IIAR Standards Under Development/Revision

▪ IIAR 2 – Safety Standard for Equipment, Design, and Installation of Closed-Circuit Ammonia Mechanical Refrigeration Systems

▪ IIAR 6 – Inspection and Maintenance of Closed-Circuit Ammonia Mechanical Refrigerating Systems

▪ IIAR 8 - Decommissioning for Closed-Circuit Ammonia Mechanical Refrigerating Systems

ASHRAE 15 today

▪ Purpose: specifies safe design, construction, installation, and operation of refrigeration systems

▪ Scope: establishes safeguards for life, limb, health, and property and prescribes safety requirements

Fundamental goals of ASHRAE 15

1. Keep refrigerants contained within the system

2. In the event when a refrigerant might be released, mitigate its impact on people

a) By limiting refrigerant quantity in direct systems

b) Locating refrigeration systems within machinery rooms when system charge is too large

ASHRAE 15 and ASHRAE 34

▪ ASHRAE 15 defers to ASHRAE 34 on: ▪ Refrigerant safety classifications

▪ Refrigerant concentration limits (RCLs)

▪ Key refrigerant property information that must be submitted with an application for designation

ASHRAE 15 - 2013

▪ Highlights of what’s new in the 2013 edition: ▪Clarifies requirements for machinery room ventilation (8.11.4)

▪ Explicitly states design pressure requirements are expressed as gauge pressure (Section 3)

▪Adds locking cap requirement to harmonize with IMC (11.3)

▪Removes methods for determining RCL and defers to Std. 34 (Appendix A)

▪Removes requirement for manual discharge of ammonia “fireman’s control box” (8.13)

▪Clarifies relief requirements (Addendum a)

ASHRAE 15 - 2013

▪ §8.11.4 ▪ Mechanical ventilation referred to in Section 8.11.3 shall be by one

or more power-driven fans capable of exhausting air from the machinery room at least in the amount given in the formula in Section 8.11.5… The mechanical exhaust inlet(s) shall be located in an area where refrigerant from a leak is likely to concentrate, in consideration of the location of the replacement air path(s), refrigerating machine(s), and the density of the refrigerant relative to air.

ASHRAE 15 - 2013

▪ Definitions (Section 3) ▪ design pressure: the maximum gauge pressure for which a specific

part of a refrigerating system is designed.

ASHRAE 15 - 2013

▪ 11.3 Charging, Withdrawal, and Disposition of Refrigerants ▪ 11.3.1 Refrigerant Access Refrigerant circuit access ports located

outdoors shall be secured to prevent unauthorized access.

ASHRAE 15 - 2013

▪ Appendix A is deleted in its entirety ▪ INFORMATIVE APPENDIX A—

CALCULATIONS OF THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION (Cm) OF A BLEND A1. FOR 100 lb OF BLEND, DETERMINE THE IDEAL GAS VOLUMES OCCUPIED BY EACHCOMPONENT AND BY THE BLEND AT 70°F AND 1 atm … A2. DETERMINE THE DILUTION VOLUME REQUIRED FOR THE 100 lb OF BLEND AND EACH COMPONENT THEREIN … A3. DETERMINE THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION (Cm) OF A BLEND

ASHRAE 15 - 2013

▪ Section 8.13 is deleted in its entirety ▪ 8.13 Manual Emergency Discharge of Ammonia Refrigerant.

When required by the AHJ, manual emergency discharge or diffusion arrangements for ammonia refrigerants shall be provided.

ASHRAE 15 - 2013

▪ Addendum a ▪ Clarifies safety relief system discharge requirements

▪ Removes requirements for sulfur dioxide because refrigerant is no longer in use

▪ Revised and clarified requirements for relief systems

ASHRAE 15 - 2013

▪ Addendum a ▪ Outdoor systems containing Group A1 refrigerant shall be

permitted to discharge [safety relief] at any elevation where the point of discharge is located in an access-controlled area accessible to authorized personnel only.

ASHRAE 15 - 2013

▪ Addendum a ▪ For heavier-than-air refrigerants, point of vent discharge shall not

be less than 20 ft from: ▪ Below-grade walkways, pits, or ramps if a release of entire system charge

can result in a concentration greater than the RCL

▪ Direct discharge into an enclosed outdoor space such as a courtyard is prohibited if the resulting concentration is greater than the RCL

ASHRAE 15 - 2013

▪ Addendum a ▪ Drip pockets ▪ Relief vent lines that terminate vertically

upward and subject to moisture entry shall be provided with a drip pocket at least 24” deep and of vent pipe size

▪ Located at first change in vent pipe direction

▪ Fitted with a valve or drain plug to permit drainage

ASHRAE 15 - 2013

▪ Addendum a ▪ Relief valve back-pressure ▪ When outlets of two or more relief devices or fusible plugs, which are

expected to operate simultaneously connect to a common discharge pipe, the common pipe shall be sized large enough to prevent the outlet pressure at each relief device from exceeding the maximum allowable outlet pressure.

ANSI/IIAR 2

Purpose:

The purpose of this standard is to provide minimum requirements for equipment, design and installation of closed-circuit ammonia refrigerating systems.

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IIAR 2

Pressure Vessels:

9.1.6 In applications where vessels are subject to external corrosion, the vessels shall be designed and specified with a minimum of 1/16" corrosion allowance.

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IIAR 200X

▪ Evolving to be a safety standard

▪ Intended to be the “go to” standard for ammonia refrigeration systems

▪ Plans for it to be code-intended

▪ First public review occurred at the end of 2013

▪ IIAR SC is currently revising draft in response to PR comments

▪ Second PR will occur soon – it is your opportunity to review and comment

IIAR 7

Released in Fall of 2013

IIAR 7

Contents

6. Equipment

7. Systems

8. Tasks

9. Sources of References

1. Purpose

2. Scope

3. Definitions

4. References

5. Developing and maintaining operating procedures

IIAR 7

Purpose

defines the minimum requirements for developing operating procedures for closed-circuit ammonia mechanical refrigerating systems. These operating procedures shall be developed with the following primary goals in mind:

a. Easy to understand and follow

b. Safe

c. Effective

d. Reliable

e. Meeting applicable regulatory requirements

IIAR Bulletin 114 (2014)

▪ Approved in March 2014, this is an updated version from the original publication in 1991

▪ Intent is to uniform guidelines for identifying piping and equipment in ammonia refrigerating systems

▪ Adds a color code scheme for refrigerant piping (non-mandatory)

▪ Includes other small changes

IIAR Bulletin 114 (2014)

▪ High pressure liquid piping – Orange (or Pantone 152 C) ▪ High Pressure Liquid (HPL)

▪ Sub Cooled Liquid (SCL)

▪ Thermosyphon Supply (TSS)

▪ Thermosyphon Return (TSR)

▪ Condenser Drain (CD)

▪ Liquid Injection Cooling (LIC)

▪ Intermediate Pressure Liquid (IPL)

IIAR Bulletin 114 (2014)

▪ High pressure vapor piping – Yellow (or Pantone 109 C) ▪ Booster Discharge (BD)

▪ High Stage Discharge (HSD)

▪ Hot Gas Defrost (HGD)

▪ Foul Gas (FG)

IIAR Bulletin 114 (2014)

▪ Low pressure / high temperature liquid & vapor piping – Light Blue (or Pantone 298 C) ▪ High Stage Suction (HSS), High Temperature Suction (HTS), and High

Temperature Recirculated Suction, and High Temperature Recirculated Liquid (HTRL)

▪ Medium Temperature Suction (MTS), Recirculated Suction (MTRS), and Recirculated Liquid (MTRL)

▪ Defrost Relief (DR)

▪ Booster Suction (BS)

▪ Economizer Suction (ES)

IIAR Bulletin 114 (2014)

▪ Low pressure / low temperature liquid & vapor piping –

Dark Blue (or Pantone 3015 C)

▪ Low Temperature Suction (LTS)

▪ Low Temperature Recirculated Liquid (LTRL)

▪ Low Temperature Liquid (LTL)

IIAR Bulletin 114 (2014)

▪ Low pressure / low low temperature liquid & vapor piping –

Purple (or Pantone 2617 C)

▪ Low Low Temperature Suction (LLTS)

▪ Low Low Temperature Recirculated Liquid (LLTRL)

▪ Low Low Temperature Liquid (LLTL)

IIAR Bulletin 114 (2014)

▪ Pressure relief vent piping – Gray (or Pantone 430 C)

▪ Pressure Relief Vent Piping (RV)

▪ Secondary fluid piping – Green (or Pantone 3415 C)

▪ Water Piping, Water and Glycol mixtures, other nonvolatile brines

that do not require special labeling

IFC and IMC

▪ The 2015 editions of the International Fire Code and the International Mechanical Code are final

▪ Overview of changes ▪ Water diffusion tanks are an option – not a requirement

▪ Machinery room ventilation – clarification of requirements

▪ Allows “approved tamper resistant” covered switches as an alternative to break-glass type switches for on-only control of machinery room ventilation

▪ IFC adopts ASHRAE 15 and IIAR 2 as mandatory references

ASME B31.5 (2013)

▪ Revised Section 523.2.2 – Impact test requirements

▪ Updated Fig. 523.2.2 – Temperature reduction curve

▪ Updated Table 526.1 – Dimensional standards

▪ Revised sections 536.6.3, 536.6.4, and 536.6.5 on Radiographic Examination, Ultrasonic Examination, and Special Requirements, respectively

▪ Other changes

Temperature reduction curves

ASME B31.5 - 2013 ASME B31.5 - 2010

Questions?