Coastal Zone Management of BangladeshProfessor M Alimullah Miyan

JCOMM-4Fourth Session of the Joint WMO-IOC Technical Commission for

Oceanography and Marine Meteorology

May 23 – 31, 2012 Yeosu, Republic of Korea

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Professor M Alimullah Miyan Chairperson

South Asian Disaster Management Centre (SADMC) International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka

Bangladesh Website: www.iubat.edu

Coastal Zone Management of Bangladesh

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Bay of Bengal and Coast of Bangladesh

Coastal Zone of Bangladesh

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Ganges, Brahmaputra, Meghna Esuaries & Coastal Zone of Bangladesh

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Cox’s Bazar, Longest Sea Beach

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Sundarbans Largest Mangrove Forests

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Man-eating Royal Bengal Tiger, Crocodile & Spotted Deer of Sundarbans

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Natural beauty of Sundarbans and Sundarbans after Sidr 2007

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Tropical Cyclones Affected Coastal Zones

Cyclones Affected Regions

Wind Speedkm/hr

Deaths DamagesUS $ in million

BholaCyclone-1970

Bangladesh, India

205 500,000 86.4

Cylone-1991 Bangladesh 260 138,000 1,500

Sidr-2007 Bangladesh, India

260 4,036 1,700

Nargis-2008 Myanmar, Bangladesh

215 138,366(126 in

Bangladesh)

10,000

Aila-2009 Bangladesh, India

120 325(26 in

Bangladesh)

552.6

Damages of lives, structures & Mangroves during Bangladesh cyclone 1991, Bhola Cyclone 1970 &

Cyclone Sidr 2007

Damage of Crops & Structures in SidrFleeing people during Aila-2009

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Effect of Sidr Nov 25, 2007

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Changes of Coastline in the Meghna Estuary between 1990 & 2001

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The Bay of Bengal Enclosed Sea

Discharge of Effluents to Rivers

Discharge of Industrial Effluents to Rivers

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Hazards of Ship-breaking Industries

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Chemical Effluents from Shrimp Hatchery

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Chemical Effluent from Shrimp Hatchery

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Hill-cutting and Shrimp hatcheries eroding the beach

Fires in High-rise Building, Factory & Slums

Encroachment of Rivers and Wet-Bodies

Tidal Surge, Flood & Erosion

Air Pollution & Brick Kilns

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Asian Brown Cloud scattered over the Bay of Bengal

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Changes of salinity affected zone during 1973 to 1997

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Hilsa migrates from north Bay due to unfavorable environment: Huge catch

near Teknaf

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Hilsa crisis in the Bay in ongoing peak season, idle fishing trawlers

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Patrolling boat in Sundarbans

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Manmade Freshwater Reservoir in Coastal Zone

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Cyclone Shelter cum Schools in Coastal Zone

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Conclusion and Recommendations

• Coastal zone has great importance to protect the shoreline of the Bay

• Northern part is resourceful & biodiversity rich,very fragile & prone to pollution

• Industries, agriculture & ports are major sources• Ship breaking, shrimp culture are great threat• Destruction of mangroves increasing vulnerability

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Conclusion and Recommendations

• CHT plays important role in coastline management• Dams destroying the hill forests & water-flows• Indiscriminate use of Chemicals and upstream in

agriculture destroying perennial streams Causing marine & terrestrial biodiversity loss • Hill cutting, shrimp hatchery and unplanned

structures damaging Cox’s Bazar sea beach

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Conclusion and Recommendations

• Pollution from ship-breaking, ports & shrimp culture should be stopped

• Deforestation, hill-cutting, over-fishing unplanned construction must be controlled

• Defense systems against cyclones, tidal surges, erosion should be built up

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Thank You