Coastal Climate Resilience URBAN WATERFRONT ADAPTIVE...
2
TM URBAN WATERFRONT ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES Urban Waterfront Adaptive Strategies is an information resource for planners, policymakers, and communities within New York City, the region, and elsewhere in the coastal United States. The report provides a systematic assessment of the coastal flood hazards that face these areas, a thorough survey of coastal protection and adaptation strategies that may be suitable for different shoreline and neighborhood types, and a framework for evaluating coastal protection alternatives. Coastal Climate Resilience STUDY GOALS Identify a wide range of potential adaptive strategies that can increase the resilience of urban coastal areas to storm surge and sea level rise. Understand the potential costs and benefits, including the type and magnitude, associated with each strategy. Establish a framework for communities to evaluate the effectiveness and appropriateness of potential adaptive strategies. COASTAL HAZARDS GEOMORPHOLOGY ANALYSIS ¯ HIGH TIDE HIGH TIDE +SLR HIGH TIDE FLOODING DUE TO SEA LEVEL RISE HIGH TIDE GRADUAL EROSION MEAN SEA LEVEL STORM TIDE SURGE STORM SURGE FLOODING MEAN SEA LEVEL STORM TIDE WAVE FORCE MEAN SEA LEVEL STORM TIDE SUDDEN EROSION EVENT-BASED HAZARDS GRADUAL HAZARDS Oceanfront Beaches Coastal Marshes Hardened Sheltered Bay Plains Hardened Oceanfront Plains Hardened Sheltered Bay Slopes Sheltered Bay Slopes Oceanfront Slopes Sheltered Bluffs Hardened Sheltered Bluffs New York City’s 520 miles of waterfront are incredibly diverse. Each of these areas face specific risks, and therefore require different strategies. Understanding an area’s geomorphology, or the coastal features and landforms shaped through coastal processes, is an important step in identifying the nature and severity of hazards the area faces as well as what types of strategies may be feasible. For instance, oceanfront beaches are highly exposed to waves and storm surge; while hardened, sheltered bay plains are less exposed to waves, but still vulnerable to surge due to their low elevation. Based on a mapping and analysis of geologic landforms, shoreline condition, and wave exposure, nine geomorphology types emerged as representative of the range of coastline types present in New York City. Coastal hazards range from sudden and severe events to gradual changes in conditions. Due to climate change, extreme events are likely to become more frequent, and their impacts more severe. In addition, sea level rise will gradually increase high tides and lead to frequent flooding and erosion. To download a copy of the report, visit www.nyc.gov/uwas
Transcript of Coastal Climate Resilience URBAN WATERFRONT ADAPTIVE...
TM
URBAN WATERFRONT ADAPTIVE STRATEGIESUrban Waterfront Adaptive Strategies is an information resource for planners, policymakers, and communities within New York City, the region, and elsewhere in the coastal United States. The report provides a systematic assessment of the coastal flood hazards that face these areas, a thorough survey of coastal protection and adaptation strategies that may be suitable for different shoreline and neighborhood types, and a framework for evaluating coastal protection alternatives.
Coastal Climate Resilience
STUDY GOALSIdentify a wide range of potential adaptive strategies that can increase the resilience of urban coastal areas to storm surge and sea level rise.Understand the potential costs and benefits, including the type and magnitude, associated with each strategy. Establish a framework for communities to evaluate the effectiveness and appropriateness of potential adaptive strategies.
COASTAL HAZARDS GEOMORPHOLOGY ANALYSIS
¯
HIGH TIDE
HIGH TIDE +SLR
HIGH TIDE FLOODING DUE TO SEA LEVEL RISEHIGH TIDE FLOODING DUE TO SEA LEVEL RISE
LONG-TERM EROSION
HIGH TIDE
GRADUAL EROSION
MEAN SEA LEVEL
STORM TIDESURGE
SURGE FLOODINGSTORM SURGE FLOODING
MEAN SEA LEVEL
WAVE FORCE
STORM TIDE
WAVE FORCE
RAPID EROSION
MEAN SEA LEVEL
STORM TIDE
SUDDEN EROSION
EVEN
T-BA
SED
HA
ZARD
SG
RAD
UAL
HAZA
RDS
Oceanfront Beaches
Coastal MarshesHardened Sheltered Bay Plains
Hardened Oceanfront Plains
Hardened Sheltered Bay SlopesSheltered Bay SlopesOceanfront Slopes
Sheltered BluffsHardened Sheltered Bluffs
New York City’s 520 miles of waterfront are incredibly diverse. Each of these areas face specific risks, and therefore require different strategies. Understanding an area’s geomorphology, or the coastal features and landforms shaped through coastal processes, is an important step in identifying the nature and severity of hazards the area faces as well as what types of strategies may be feasible. For instance, oceanfront beaches are highly exposed to waves and storm surge; while hardened, sheltered bay plains are less exposed to waves, but still vulnerable to surge due to their low elevation. Based on a mapping and analysis of geologic landforms, shoreline condition, and wave exposure, nine geomorphology types emerged as representative of the range of coastline types present in New York City.
Coastal hazards range from sudden and severe events to gradual changes in conditions. Due to climate change, extreme events are likely to become more frequent, and their impacts more severe. In addition, sea level rise will gradually increase high tides and lead to frequent flooding and erosion.
To download a copy of the report, visit www.nyc.gov/uwas
This study was funded through a U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Sustainable Communities Regional Planning Grant to the New York-Connecticut Sustainable Communities Consortium.
INVENTORY OF ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES
FRAMEWORK FOR DECISION MAKING
Creating a more resilient city is a long-term, on-going process of assessing risks, developing and evaluating alternatives, and implementing flexible and adaptive strategies. The following steps are intended to provide a framework for communities to identify and evaluate potential strategies for different areas and over various planning horizons.
SITE PROTECTION
DRY FLOODPROOFING
WET FLOODPROOFING ELEVATE ON PILESELEVATE ON FILL OR MOUND
FLOATING STRUCTURES AMPHIBIOUS STRUCTURES BUILDING SYSTEM PROTECTION
BEACHES AND DUNESSEAWALLSLIVING SHORELINES LEVEES (OR DIKES)REVETMENTS
STRATEGIC RETREATWATERFRONT PARKSFLOODWALLS BULKHEADSELEVATION OF LAND AND STREETS
CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS BREAKWATERSGROINS ARTIFICIAL REEFSMULTI-PURPOSE LEVEES
COASTAL MORPHOLOGY ALTERATION
SURGE BARRIERSCONSTRUCTED BREAKWATER ISLANDS
POLDERSFLOATING ISLANDS
There are a variety of po-tential strategies to adapt waterfront areas to be more resilient in the face of increasing coastal hazards. These strategies include actions at the scale of the individual site or building, or actions that require a reach of coastline. The ability of a strategy to pro-tect against certain haz-ards and the applicability of a strategy for a specific area, varies widely. A com-plete description of each strategy can be found at www.nyc.gov/uwas
S I T E SCALE
REACH SCALE
www.nyc.gov/uwas
Identify Study Area and Planning ContextAssess Hazards, Vulnerabilities, and RiskIdentify Potential StrategiesEvaluate AlternativesDevelop Adaptation PathwaysImplement Strategies
1
2
3
4
5
6
Monitorand
Reassess
