CNAME Chain Latency vs. ALIAS / ANAME › event › 27 › contributions › ... · CNAMES 63.18 ms...

31
CNAME Chain Latency vs. ALIAS / ANAME How to Use Alias Records to Improve CNAME FlaJening Performance

Transcript of CNAME Chain Latency vs. ALIAS / ANAME › event › 27 › contributions › ... · CNAMES 63.18 ms...

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CNAMEChainLatencyvs.ALIAS/ANAMEHowtoUseAliasRecordstoImproveCNAMEFlaJeningPerformance

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WhatIsaCNAME?

•DefinedinRFC1035as“thecanonicalnameforanalias”

•Itmeans“thatnameisreallythisothername”

•Nothingelse(includingSOA,thezoneapex)canexistataCNAME

feeds.example.comfeeds2.example.com

CNAME

xxxxxx.feedproxy.ghs.containercult.com

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WhyaCNAME?Oneuseistoletsomeoneelsemanagesomething.Example:Cloudproviderresource

•www.dyn.com loadbalancer.example.com•CloudprovidermanagesIPresourcesbehindthescenesensurestheaddressassociatedwiththeCNAMEisavailable

Example:marke4ngautoma4onpla8orm

•marke]ng.dyn.com market-site.example.com•Marke]ngautoma]oncompanycandoalltheywantinsidemarket-site.example.com,anditjustshowsuponmarke]ng.dyn.com

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CNAMEattheApex

•Userswanttoconfiguretheirdomaintobecompletelyhostedbysomeoneelse•Thefirstins]nctistoputaCNAMEattheapextomapthedomaintoaproviderendpoint•Bydefini]onaCNAMEcan’tcoexistwithanyotherrecordstype• YouneedtohaveSOA(StartofAuthority)recordsintheapexofthezone•ALIASrecordsprovidethefunc]onalityofaCNAMEattheapexbutitisn’tcompa]ble

6

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PerformanceImplica]onsofCNAMEs

Example

marke]ng.dyn.comINCNAMEmarket-site.example.commarket-site.example.comINA192.0.2.10Thecostofthisabstrac]onisanotherDNSquery

•Theclientneedstorequestmarke]ng.dyn.com•Thenrequestmarket-site.example.com

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Cloud-eraCNAMEChains

•CloudprovidersofenofferserviceendpointsintheformofCNAMEsCloudloadbalancers,computeresources,databases…etc.

•Whataretheperformanceconsidera]onsaschainsofCNAMEsgetlonger?

www.containercult.net. 60 IN CNAME www-containercult-com.wafservice.com.

www-containercult-com.wafservice.com 300 IN CNAME control.wafservice.com.

control.wafservice.com. 120 IN CNAME endpoint-cloud-vip.wafservice.com.

endpoint-cloud-vip.wafservice.com. 3600 IN CNAME loadbalancer1337.cloudregion.lb.cloudprovider.io.

loadbalancer1337.cloudregion.lb.cloudprovider.io. 60 IN A 192.0.2.50

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TheCostofVanity...

Anumberofservicesimplementa“vanityCNAME”tohidethefactthatthecustomerisnotdoingeverythingitself.

Rememberthatnooneshouldeverseethese...

http://thefineartdiner.blogspot.com/2012/03/walt-disney-brothers-grimm-comparative.html

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CNAMEUnwindingasaService

UserWantstoreach

www.example.com

Recursive.com

example.comwww.example.com

Authorita8veexample

TopLevelDomain.com

In-houseResolver

aws.elb.amazonaws.com

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UnderstandingVariables

EndUser/Client

RecursiveResolver•TTL/Cachesize/Pre-Caching

Authorita8veResolver(s)

Networks•Clienttorecursiveresolver•Recursiveresolvertoauthorita]veresolvers

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Tes]ngALIASAddressingVariables

EndUser/Clients/RecursiveResolvers

•Testsampleloca]onsbasedoncurrenttopqueryingnetworksandRIPEAtlasProbeavailability

•Lookingattheprobeschoiceofresolver

ThiswillshowtheperformanceofusingGooglePublicDNSorISPrecursiveresolvers

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MeasurementandQuan]fica]on

Twoscenarios1CNAMEand5CNAMESThecountoftheques4onaskeddoesn’tclarifytheimpacttoperformance.

Spoiler:“Themedianresponsefortheservicewhichuses5CNAMES63.18msvs.theALIASrecord44.96ms,adifferenceof18.22ms”

Thisisastart...butgiventhenumberofvariablesinvolveditmighthelptolookatthespecificnetworktounderstandthedynamics.

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Outliers

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1stQuar]le(25%)

2ndQuar]le(25%)

3rdQuar]le(25%)

4thQuar]le(25%)

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CompressingShortCNAMEChains

ALIASvs.CNAMEforCloudLoadBalancer

Medianresponse]meALIAS:38.89ms

Medianresponse]meCNAME:49.13ms

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KinksintheCNAMEChain

WhathappensifoneofthelinksintheCNAMEchainisbroken/doesn’tresolve?

•ALIASrespondswiththefallbackdata(ifany)orNODATA.•InthecurrentdrafofIETFforANAME...thereisnofallbackmechanism.

Intherawboxplotsthesekindsmanifestastheoutliers,droppedpackets,mul]plecachemissesorlongnetworkpaths.

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LastMileVariability

Understandingtheoutliers

Localcachemisses

Droppedpackets

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AsfastasthenetworktopographyItispossibletocreatescenarioswhereALIAS/ANAMErecordsperformworsethanCNAMEchains.

Thisiswhereunderstandingunderlyinginfrastructurebecomescri]cal.

Iftheauthorita]veprovidersforthedomainswithintheCNAMEchainarecloserinnetworkproximity(withinKorea)totheALIASauthorita]ve...

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“Asia”isnotoneloca]on

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InSummary

•Thereareperformanceimplica]onswithCNAMESandCNAMEchaining

•ALIASRecordscanbeusedtoflaJenCNAMESasaservice

•Yourend-userexperienceisuniquetoyourservicebasedonwhereyourinfrastructureisandwheretheyarecomingfrom

•Monitorandmeasureofen


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Hercules John Miller. Greek Alias: Heracles Roman Alias: Hercules.

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