Infection Control

CNA 2 OSBN Curriculum

Chain of Infection

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Microbe that May Cause Disease Normal Flora

◦ Staph on Skin Good Infection in Wounds

◦ E-Coli near Rectum Good In Urinary Tract = UTI

Bacteria

Very Tiny Organisms May Cause Disease Examples

◦ Common Cold◦ Herpes◦ Hepatitis

Can Live on Surfaces

Virus

MRSA Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Resistant to Common Antibiotics Spread via Direct Contact Lungs: Droplet Transmission Survive on Surfaces up to 3 Months Screening

◦ Patients in LTC after 12 Mos.◦ Admission to Acute Care

Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus Bacteria Lives in Digestive and Genitals

Survive up to 6 Days Not an Issue for Healthy People

VRE

Clostridium Difficile Infectious Diarrhea Most Common in Hospital/LTC Spread: Feces to Oral Route Wash w/Soap & Water

C-Diff

Pt. Acquires in the Healthcare Facility◦ Burn & Surgical Pt.s most Susceptible

Sources◦ Indwelling Urinary Catheters◦ IV Lines◦ Endotracheal Tubes

Over 2mil Annually Prevention is the KEY

◦ Standard Precautions◦ Infection Control Procedures◦ HANDWASHING

Nosocomial Infection

Healthcare Team Control & Prevent Spread of Pathogens

Infection◦ Disease from Invasion & Growth of Microbes◦ S&S

Fever Rash Increased Pulse & RR Pain/Tenderness Fatigue/Loss of Energy N/V/D Redness & Swelling Discharge/Drainage/Foul Odor

#1 preventative measure in the spread of infection!!!!!!◦Soap & water VS◦Antimicrobial Hand Sanitizers

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Hand Washing

Prevents the Spread of Pathogens

2 Techniques◦Medical Asepsis Clean technique

◦Surgical Asepsis Sterile Technique

Breaking the Chain

#1 HANDWASHING #2 PPE

◦ Gloves◦ Masks/Face Shields◦ Gowns

Remove/Destroy Pathogens Prevent their Spread Clean not Sterile

Medical Asepsis

Sterile Technique Equipment/Supplies Free of Microbes Items kept in Sterile Field

◦ Top Only Sterile◦ Only Sterile Gloves◦ Clean & Dry

Sterile Items◦ In Sight◦ Above the Waisthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgP1fXxOAj8

Surgical Asepsis

Universal Precautions

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For ALL Patients ALL the Time Wash Hands

◦ Before AND After Pt. Care◦ Before AND After Wearing Gloves◦ Before AND After Eating◦ After the Bathroom◦ Before AND After Your Shift

Gloves◦ANY Body Fluid Contact◦ Mucus Membranes◦ Open Skin◦ Change Between Tasks

Standard Precautions

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Masks & Eyes

Wash Immediate Notify Supervisor Complete Paper Work Blood Draw Consult Medical Care Get Documented Counseling

Exposure

Equipment

In ADDITION to Standard Precautions Four Types

◦Contact◦Airborne◦Droplet◦Reverse

Isolation Precautions

Illness Spread via ◦ Direct Contact◦ Indirect Contact

MRSA, MDRO, VRE, C-Diff, Hep. A Gloves & Gowns REQUIRED

◦ NO EXCEPTIONS!!!!!! Wash Hands

◦ Before Applying PPE◦ After Removing PPE◦ Before Leaving Pt. Room

Contact Precautions

Diseases Transmitted Via Air◦ Measles◦ Varicella◦ TB

Keep Door Closed Gloves for All Care Mask

◦ TB: Fitted Respirator Requires Negative Pressure Room

Airborne Precautions

Infections Spread Via Droplets◦ Meningitis◦ Pneumonia◦ Pertussis◦ Influenza

Keep Door Closed Wear Gloves for All Care Mask & Eye Protection: 3 ft. Mask on Pt. Out of Room

Droplet Precautions

Protective Isolation/Neutropenic Precautions Protecting the Pt. Against Infection

◦ Chemo/Radiation◦ Depressed Resistances◦ Extensive Burns

WASH HANDS PPE Sterile/Disinfected Equipment Precautions

◦ Flowers/Plants/Fresh Produce

Reverse Isolation

Use surgical clipper, not razor. ◦ Razors can rapidly remove hair, but may result in

small cuts and abrasions. This minor skin damage can provide an area where bacteria flora can multiply and potentially infect the surgical incision site.

◦ Clippers mechanically trim the hair close to the skin◦ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Mu9AbK2Q_s

Some studies indicate preparing the skin closer to the time of surgery results in significantly lower infection rates

Surgical Prep

This project was funded $3,000,000 (100% of its total cost) from a grant awarded under the Trade Adjustment Assistance Community College and Career Training Grants, as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration. Rogue Community College is an equal opportunity employer/program. Auxiliary aids and services, alternate form and language services are available to individuals with disabilities and limited English proficiency free of cost upon request.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.