CMS Pixel CO 2 Cooling - Detector Cooling Operation-

CMS Pixel CO2 Cooling- Detector Cooling Operation-

João Noite PH-CMX-DS

João Noite PH-CMX-DS 2

Summary

• CMS Pixel detector upgrade

• Detector cooling loop layout

• Experimental Setup

• Experimental results vs Calculator

• Main lines flow distribution

• Pixel loops P&T behavior

• CO2 Flow pattern map & HTC


Present CMS Pixel Detector

• 66M silicon pixels

• 3 Barrel layers (BPix)

• 2 Forward disks (FPix)

• Single phase cooling system C6F14

• Maximum heat load ≈5kW

BPix

BPix FPix

Port Cards


CMS Pixel Detector Upgrade

• 125M silicon pixels

• 4 Barrel layers (BPix)

• 3 Forward disks (FPix)

• 2-Phase CO2 cooling system

• Maximum heat load ≈9kW

• To be installed in 2015-2016

BPix Supply Tube

BPix Detector

FPix Supply Tube

DCDC Converters &

Port Cards

FPix Detector


Pixel detector numbers

Detector Side

Main Copper Line

BPIX FPIXDetector

LoopLoop

Length [m]Detector Power @ -20°C [W] Detector

LoopLoop

Length [m]Max Power

[W]NSB OSB NHL OHL

+Z S

ide

ML1L1D1PN 9.494 78.8 136.4 163.6 221.2

HD1PN 11.464 237.8L1D2PF 9.494 78.8 136.4 163.6 221.2

ML2L2D2PN 11.762 157.6 194.7 225.2 262.4

HD1PF 11.064 237.8L2D1PF 11.762 157.6 194.7 225.2 262.4

ML3

L3D2PN 12.741 169.9 182.6 214.8 227.5HD2PN 10.664 237.8

L3D3PF 12.741 169.9 182.6 214.8 227.5

L3D4PN 12.82 162.1 173.7 205.2 216.8HD2PF 10.664 237.8

L3D1PF 12.82 162.1 173.7 205.2 216.8

ML4

L4D1PN 12.973 173.3 182.3 201.3 210.3HD3PN 10.664 237.8

L4D4PF 12.973 173.3 182.3 201.3 210.3

L4D3PN 11.618 165.4 173.9 192.5 200.9HD3PF 10.664 237.8

L4D2PF 11.618 165.4 173.9 192.5 200.9

-Z S

ide

ML1L1D2MN 9.505 94.5 175.2 208.5 289.1

HD1MN 11.464 237.8L1D1MF 9.506 94.5 175.2 208.5 289.1

ML2L2D1MN 11.751 141.8 174.0 202.1 234.2

HD1MF 11.064 237.8L2D2MF 11.751 141.8 174.0 202.1 234.2

ML3

L3D1MN 12.888 146.3 155.8 186.0 195.5HD2MN 10.664 237.8

L3D4MF 12.888 146.3 155.8 186.0 195.5

L3D3MN 12.714 169.9 182.6 214.8 227.5HD2MF 10.664 237.8

L3D2MF 12.714 169.9 182.6 214.8 227.5

ML4

L4D2MN 11.612 165.4 173.9 192.5 200.9HD3MN 10.664 237.8

L4D3MF 11.612 165.4 173.9 192.5 200.9

L4D4MN 11.858 157.6 165.5 183.7 191.6HD3MF 10.664 237.8

L4D1MF 11.858 157.6 165.5 183.7 191.6

TOTAL 283.473 3565.4 4140.9 4780.4 5355.9 130.368 2853.6

Legend:OHL – Irradiated detector at high luminosityNHL – New detector at high luminosityOS – Irradiated detector in standbyNS – New detector in standbyNP – No power

Highest powered loops:BPix -> 289W @ -Z Layer #1FPix -> 238W @ all HD’s

Longest Loops:BPix -> 12.8m @ -Z Layer #3FPix -> 11.4m @ HD1

Total Maximum Power:BPix -> 5.36kWFPix -> 2.85kW

Total Pixel Power = 8.21kW


BPix & FPix Detector loop example

Supply Line

Return Line

Optional Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger

DCDC & POH Evaporator

BPix Detector Evaporator

(...)

(...)

(...)

(...)

Supply & Return Manifolds

Existing Copper Lines

Manifold -> PP1 PP1-> PP0 Near ST Endflange Inside BPix ST Inside BPix

(...)

(...)

Supply Line

Return Line

Optional Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger

DCDC & POH Evaporator

FPix Detector Evaporator

(...)

(...)

Supply & Return Manifolds

Existing Copper Lines

Manifold -> PP1 PP1-> PP0 Near ST Endflange Inside FPix ST Inside FPix


Experimental Setup

Sensor x [m]Supply m,Tin,Pin 0

DC-DC & Port Cards

Tin 0.41S1 0.435S2 0.885S3 1.365S4 1.845S5 2.325S6 2.77

Tout 2.8

DETECTOR

Tin,Pin 5.74S1 5.765S2 6.55S3 7.695S4 8.84S5 9.985S6 11.35

Tout 11.375Return Tout,Pout 14.755

Pin

V.A-

S6

S1

S2

S3

S4

S5Tout

mTinPin

+

V.A-

DC-DC Converter EvaporatorLength = 2400 mmInner Diameter = 1.8 mmWall Thickness = 100μmElectrical Resistance ≈ 0.8Ω

+

Detector Supply TubeLength = 2400 mmInner Diameter = 1.8 mmWall Thickness = 100μm

Detector EvaporatorMaterial: SS 304LLength = 5650 mmInner Diameter = 1.41 mmWall Thickness = 50μmElectrical Resistance ≈ 4.15Ω

Detector Return TubeLength = 2400 mmInner Diameter = 1.8 mmWall Thickness = 100μm

Tin

S1Tin

S6Tout

S2

S3S4

S5

ToutPout


Experimental Setup

DC-DC Converter Evaporator Supply / Return Tube Detector Evaporator


0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14-22

-20

-18

-16

-14

-12

Length [m]

Tem

pera

ture

[°C

]

m = 1.07g/s | Qtotal = 137.80W | Pin = 22.53Bar | Tin = -18.05°C | dP = 3.11Bar | dT = 6.00°C

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 1419

20

21

22

23

24

Pre

ssur

e [B

ar]

Exp. Wall Temperature

Theory Wall TemperatureTheory CO2 Temperature

Theory CO2 Pressure

100 150 200 250 300 350

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-40°C -30°C -20°C -10°C 0°C 10°C 20°C 30°C

Enthalpy [kJ/kg]

Pre

ssur

e [B

ar]

m = 1.07g/s | Qtotal = 137.80W | Pin = 22.53Bar | Tin = -20.46°C | dP = 3.11Bar | xout = 0.47

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Vapor Quality

Mas

s V

eloc

ity [

kg/m

2 .s]

G = 421kg/m2.s | q = 2.69kW/m2 | Psat

= 22.53Bar | xout

= 0.11 | xdryout

= 0.81

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

200

400

600

800

1000

Vapor Quality

Mas

s V

eloc

ity [

kg/m

2 .s]

G = 697kg/m2.s | q = 4.07kW/m2 | Psat

= 22.35Bar | xout

= 0.47 | xdryout

= 0.73

Experiment vs Calculator

Elec

tron

ics

Det

ecto

r Inl

et

Detector

Det

ecto

r Out

let

A

B

D

MI

SLGS

SW

A

D

M

I

SLG

SSW

L

Electronics Detector


0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Vapor Quality

Mas

s V

eloc

ity [

kg/m

2 .s]

G = 582kg/m2.s | q = 5.05kW/m2 | Psat

= 26.30Bar | xout

= 0.12 | xdryout

= 0.74

0 5 10 15-20

-18

-16

-14

-12

-10

-8

-6

Loop Length [m]

Tem

pera

ture

[°C

]

m = 1.48g/s | Qtotal = 256.87W | Pin = 26.40Bar | Tin = -17.40°C | dP = 6.33Bar | dT = 10.86°C

0 5 10 1520

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

Pre

ssur

e [B

ar]

Exp. Wall Temperature


Theory CO2 Pressure

Experiment vs Calculator

Elec

tron

ics

Det

ecto

r Inl

et

Detector

Det

ecto

r Out

let

100 150 200 250 300 350

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-40°C -30°C -20°C -10°C 0°C 10°C 20°C 30°C

Enthalpy [kJ/kg]

Pre

ssur

e [B

ar]


0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Vapor Quality

Mas

s V

eloc

ity [

kg/m

2 .s]

G = 963kg/m2.s | q = 7.58kW/m2 | Psat

= 21.43Bar | xout

= 0.63 | xdryout

= 0.64

A

B

D

MI

SLGS

SW

A

D M

I

SLG

SSW

L

Electronics Detector


Flow distribution – BPix ML1 @ -20°C

• By looking at this plot one can see that the main line -Z ML1 needs at least 2x1.915=3.83g/s for cooling Layer #1 sectors, this total flow rate is set at the manifold’s metering valve. From slide 6 table one can see that this main line splits into two cooling loops L1D2MN and L1D1MF. • The worst case of operation is if one of these two loops has no power the flow will be higher on this one so instead of 1.91g/s it will increase to 2.03g/s.• The other parallel loop which is powered and thus will have higher resistance will get less flow 3.83-2.03=1.80g/s which is still enough to keep it away from the dry-out region.

OHL –> Q=289W, Irradiated detector at high luminosityNHL –> Q=208W, New detector at high luminosityOS –> Q=175W, Irradiated detector in standbyNS –> Q=94W, New detector in standbyNP –> Q=0W, No power

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.50

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Mass Flow [g/s]

Pre

ssur

e D

rop

[bar

]

Flow Distribution -ZLayer#1 - Inlet Capillary, 0.60mm ID & 0.750m Length

L1D2MN&L1D1MF OHL

L1D2MN&L1D1MF NHL

L1D2MN&L1D1MF OSL1D2MN&L1D1MF NS

L1D2MN&L1D1MF NP

2.03

g/s

ΔPcapillary + ΔPdetector = 9.76 + 2.72 = 12.48bar

1.80

g/s




2.43

g/s

2.25

g/s

Safe Operation: mnominal = 2.34 g/s

Limit Operation:mnominal = 1.91 g/s


BPix –Z Layer #1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10-21

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

Length [m]

Tem

pera

ture

[°C

]

L1D2MN & L1D1MF OHL | m = 2.25g/s | Qtotal = 289.12W | dP = 14.57Bar | dT = 5.94°C

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1018

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

Pre

ssur

e [B

ar]


Theory CO2 Pressure

Tset = -20°CQ = 289W

Capi

llary

DCD

C

DCD

C

CCU

Endfl

ange

BPIX Endfl

ange

Retu

rn0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Length [m]

Tem

pera

ture

[°C

]

L1D2MN & L1D1MF OSB | m = 2.25g/s | Qtotal = 175.15W | dP = 15.31Bar | dT = 1.96°C

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1050

54

58

62

66

70

74

Pre

ssur

e [B

ar]


Theory CO2 Pressure

Tset = 15°CQ = 175W

Capi

llary

DCD

C

DCD

C

CCU

Endfl

ange

BPIX Endfl

ange

Retu

rn

100 150 200 250 300 350

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-40°C -30°C -20°C -10°C 0°C 10°C 20°C 30°C

Enthalpy [kJ/kg]

Pre

ssur

e [B

ar]


100 150 200 250 300 350

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-40°C -30°C -20°C -10°C 0°C 10°C 20°C 30°C

Enthalpy [kJ/kg]

Pre

ssur

e [B

ar]

m = 2.25g/s | Qtotal = 175.15W | Pin = 66.18Bar | Tin = 15.00°C | dP = 15.31Bar | xout = 0.44


BPix –Z Layer #1

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Vapor Quality

Mas

s V

eloc

ity [

kg/m

2 .s]

G = 1119kg/m2.s | q = 20.94kW/m2 | Psat

= 22.13Bar | xout

= 0.44 | xdryout

= 0.53

B A

I

SLGS

SW

D M

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Vapor Quality

Mas

s V

eloc

ity [

kg/m

2 .s]

G = 1119kg/m2.s | q = 11.96kW/m2 | Psat

= 52.19Bar | xout

= 0.43 | xdryout

= 0.45

B A

I

SLGS

SW

D M

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Vapor Quality

HT

C [

kW/m

2 .K]

G=1119kg/m2.s | Psat=52.19 Bar | q=11.96 kW/m2

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

5

10

15

20

25

30

Vapor Quality

HT

C [

kW/m

2 .K]


Tset = -20°CQ = 289W

Tset = 15°CQ = 175W


FPix +Z HD1

0 2 4 6 8 10-21

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

Length [m]

Tem

pera

ture

[°C

]

Serial HD Config | m = 1.87g/s | Qtotal = 213.00W | dP = 3.27Bar | dT = 6.38°C

0 2 4 6 8 1018

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

Pre

ssur

e [B

ar]


Theory CO2 Pressure

Tset = -20°CQ = 213W

Supp

ly

DCD

C

PC O-O

O-I

I-O I-I Retu

rn0 2 4 6 8 10

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Length [m]

Tem

pera

ture

[°C

]

Serial HD Config | m = 1.87g/s | Qtotal = 137.40W | dP = 2.47Bar | dT = 3.02°C

0 2 4 6 8 1050

51

52

53

54

55

56

Pre

ssur

e [B

ar]


Theory CO2 Pressure

Tset = 15°CQ = 137W

Supp

ly

DCD

C

PC O-O

O-I

I-O I-I Retu

rn

100 150 200 250 300 350

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-40°C -30°C -20°C -10°C 0°C 10°C 20°C 30°C

Enthalpy [kJ/kg]

Pre

ssur

e [B

ar]


100 150 200 250 300 350

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-40°C -30°C -20°C -10°C 0°C 10°C 20°C 30°C

Enthalpy [kJ/kg]

Pre

ssur

e [B

ar]

m = 1.87g/s | Qtotal = 137.40W | Pin = 53.34Bar | Tin = 15.00°C | dP = 2.47Bar | xout = 0.42


FPix +Z HD1

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Vapor Quality

Mas

s V

eloc

ity [

kg/m

2 .s]

G = 1156kg/m2.s | q = 22.10kW/m2 | Psat

= 20.54Bar | xout

= 0.40 | xdryout

= 0.52

B A

I

SLGS

SW

D M

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Vapor Quality

Mas

s V

eloc

ity [

kg/m

2 .s]

G = 1156kg/m2.s | q = 12.15kW/m2 | Psat = 51.30Bar | xout = 0.41 | xdryout = 0.44

B A

I

SLGS SW

D M

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

5

10

15

20

25

30

Vapor Quality

HT

C [

kW/m

2 .K]


0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Vapor Quality

HT

C [

kW/m

2 .K]


Tset = -20°CQ = 213W

Tset = 15°CQ = 137W

CMS Pixel CO 2 Cooling - Detector Cooling Operation-

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Transcript of CMS Pixel CO 2 Cooling - Detector Cooling Operation-