Climate Change and Water Resources Management

WEB pages on water management activitiesMax Campos

Crrhcr@racsa.co.crSan Jose – Costa Rica

Global Water Partnership(GWP)

Toolbox: a summary of case studies around the world about water management. It is being continuously updated.

World Water Forum(III WWF)

The largest conference of the world on water management, next meeting in Japan march 2003.

Dialogue on Water and Climate ChangeOne of the thematic activities for the IIIer WWF is this

Dialogue.

Activities from UNESCOWorld Water Development Report

Models for Water Management and Climate Change estimations

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Tree overview

Schematic view

   

 Demand ResultsDemand results cover requirements by and allocations to demand sites. The following reports are available:

Annual Water DemandThe annual requirement at each demand site, before distribution losses, reuse and demand-side management savings are taken into account.

Monthly Supply RequirementThe monthly requirement at each demand site, after distribution losses, reuse and demand-side management savings are taken into account.

Supply DeliveredThe amount of water supplied to demand sites, listed either by source (supplies) or by destination (demand sites). When listed by destination, the amounts reported are the actual amounts reaching the demand sites, after subtracting any transmission losses.

Unmet DemandThe amount of each demand site's requirement that is not met. When some demand sites are not getting full coverage, this report is useful in understanding the magnitude of the shortage.

CoverageThe percent of each demand site's requirement (adjusting for distribution losses, reuse and demand-side management savings) that is met, from 0% (no water delivered) to 100% (delivery of full requirement). The coverage report gives a quick assessment of how well demands are being met.

Cost of Delivered WaterThe cost of delivering water to demand sites, listed either by source (supplies) or by destination (demand sites).

Demand Site Inflow and OutflowThe mass balance of all water entering and leaving one or more demand sites. Inflows (from local and river supplies) are represented as positive amounts, outflows (either consumed or routed to wastewater treatment plants, rivers and local supplies) as negative amounts.

Supply and Resources Results

AreaInflows: Water entering the area (river headflows, surface water inflows to reaches, groundwater recharge, local reservoir inflows, other local supply inflows).Outflows: Water leaving the area (consumption at demand sites, evaporation on river reaches and reservoirs, losses in transmission links, losses in wastewater treatment, and outflows from the end of rivers and diversions).Note: Inflows to area may not equal total outflows from area due to changes in storage.

RiverStreamflow: The streamflow at selected nodes and reaches along a river. You can plot a line for each point on the river over time (choose Year for the X Axis), or a line for each month plotted along the river (choose River Nodes and Reaches for the X Axis).Flow Requirement Coverage: The percent of each flow requirement that is met, from 0% (no water flowing) to 100% (flow requirement met or exceeded).

GroundwaterStorage: The aquifer storage levels at the end of each month.Inflows and Outflows: A mass balance of all water entering and leaving a specified aquifer. Inflows (from recharge, inflow from river reaches, and return flows from demand sites and wastewater treatment plants) are represented as positive amounts, outflows (withdrawals by demand sites and outflows to river reaches) as negative amounts.Overflow: Groundwater overflow occurs when the aquifer storage is at its maximum, and there is net inflow.

ReservoirStorage: The reservoir storage levels at the end of each month.Inflows and Outflows: All water entering and leaving a specified reservoir. Inflows (either from upstream (river reservoirs) or monthly inflow (local reservoirs) or return flows from demand sites and wastewater treatment plants) are represented as positive amounts, outflows (to downstream, evaporation, or withdrawals by demand sites) as negative amounts.Hydropower: The power generated by reservoirs and hydropower nodes.

Transmission LinkInflows and Outflows: Includes amounts lost to evaporation and leakage.

Other Local SupplyInflows and Outflows: A mass balance of all water entering and leaving a specified other local supply source. Inflows are represented as positive amounts, outflows as negative amounts.

Return LinkInflows and Outflows: Includes amounts lost to evaporation and leakage.

 Environment ResultsEnvironment results cover pollution generation by demand sites, pollution loads at receptors, and wastewater treatment.

Pollution GenerationPollution generated by each demand site.

Pollution LoadsPollutant loads carried by return flow links from demand sites and wastewater treatments (sources) into rivers and local supplies (receptors).

Pollution Inflow to Treatment PlantsTotal pollution flowing in to wastewater treatment plants.

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CENTRAL AMERICAN CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECT

VULNERABILITY OF THE HYDRIC RESOURCES DUE CLIMATE CHANGE

PROJECT CASE: RIO SUCIO BASIN

EL SALVADOR

CRRH – MAG/DGRNR

Ana Daisy Lopez

OBJECTIVE

• EVALUATION OF THE VULNERABILITY OF RIO SUCIO BASIN IN EL SALVADOR, TO THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGES

RIO SUCIO BASIN

• AREA : 843.0 KM²

• RIO LEMPA SYSTEM : 8.2 % AREA

• Q M: 20.7 M3/S (RAINY SEASON)

• Q M: 6.66 M3/S (DRY SEASON)

• 300,000 HAB

• T° MED: 23.8 °C

• PRECIP: 1688 mm/Year

• IRRIGATION DISTRICTS:

• ZAPOTITAN AND ATIOCOYO

BASIN INFORMATION

• HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL NETWORK– 10 METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS

– 1 HYDROLOGICAL STATION

• USES: – IRRIGATION, HYDROELECTRICITY

– INDUSTRIAL AND WATER SUPPLY

METODOLOGY

SIMULATION OF THE EFFECTS ON RUNOFF OF CHANGES IN PRECIPITATION AND TEMPERATURE.

MODEL USED : CLIRUN 3

CALIBRATION PERIOD 1969-1976

VALIDATION PERIOD 1977-1984

CLIMATE SCENARIOSPACIFIC REGION

SCENARIO TEMPERATURE PRECIPITACION

1 + 2 °C + 15 %

2 + 2 °C - 15 %

3 + 1 °C + 10 %

4 + 1 °C - 15 %

CHANGES IN RUNOFF

SCENARIO PRECIP (%)

TEMP

(°C)

DRY

SEASON

WET

SEASON

1 + 15% +2 + 34% +34 %

2 - 15% +2 -2 % -20 %

3 +10% +1 +30 % +30 %

4 -10% +1 -1 % +14 %

RESULTS

• MORE CRITICAL SCENARIO: +2 °C AND –15%

• DRY SEASON• USES COMPROMISED

HISTORICAL DISCHARGE DATA

RIO PAZ ESTACION HACHADURA

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1958

-195

9

1960

-196

1

1962

-196

3

1964

-196

5

1966

-196

7

1968

-196

9

1970

-197

1

1972

-197

3

1974

-197

5

1976

-197

7

1978

-197

9

1980

-198

1

1982

-198

3

1984

-198

5

1986

-198

7

1989

-199

0

1993

-199

4

1995

-199

6

1997

-199

8

1999

-200

0

2001

-200

2

CAUD

AL (m

3/s)

NOVIEMBRE

DICIEMBRE

ENERO

FEBRERO

MARZO

ABRIL

DRY SEASON DECADAL

RIO PAZ ESTACION LA HACHADURAPROMEDIOS DECADALES DE CAUDAL

0

5

10

15

20

25

NOVIEMBRE DICIEMBRE ENERO FEBRERO MARZO ABRIL

CA

UD

AL

(m

3/s) 1960 - 1970

1970 - 1980

1980 - 1990

1990 - 2000

2000 -

RIO SAN PEDRO ESTACION ATALAYAPROMEDIOS DECADALES DE CAUDAL

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

NOVIEMBRE DICIEMBRE ENERO FEBRERO MARZO ABRIL

CA

UD

AL

(m

3/s) 1970 - 1980

1980 - 1990

1990 - 2000

2000 -

-100.00

-80.00

-60.00

-40.00

-20.00

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

NOV. DIC. ENERO FEBRERO MARZO ABRIL

ZONA CENTRAL

CITALA

PASO DEL OSO

TACACHICO

LAS PAVAS

SAN ANDRES

EL JOCOTE

GUAZAPA

LA SIERPE

LAS FLORES

DIFERENCIAS PORCENTUALES DEL PERIODO NOVIEMBRE 2001 - ABRIL 2002 RESPECTO A LA DECADA

1970 - 1980