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Integrated Observation on Coastal

Blue Carbon Ecosystems in Indonesia

Blue Carbon CenterAgency for R & D of Marine and Fisheries

*email : bluecarbon.indonesia (at) kkp.go.id or andreas (at) kkp.go.id

By:

Andreas Hutahaean*, Terry Kepel, Restu Nur Afi, Agustin Rustam,

August Daulat, Tonny Wagey, Budi Sulistiyo

Coastal Ecosystems

– many critical

ecosystem services

Fisheries

Coastal protection & erosion control

Coastal Water Quality

Livelihoods (tourism etc.)

Cultural value

Food

Biodiversity

Carbon sequestration and storage

Carbon Dynamic in Mangroves

Source : AGU

DEFINITION

BLUE CARBON

Carbon captured by living

organisms in coastal-ocean

ecosystems, and

accumulated in biomass

(Mangrove & Seagrass) and

sediments.

XXXX XXXXXX

Why is Blue Carbon Important for Indonesia ?

Total Area: 3.11 million Ha (Giri et al, 2011)

Total Seagrass Area in

Indonesia: 3.0 million Ha(Kiswara, 1994)

Costal Ecosystems Highly Efficient at Carbon

Sequestration

Modified from McLeod et al. 2011

Annual mean carbon

sequestration rates

Mean carbon storage

above and belowground

(Fourqurean et al. 2012; Pan et al. 2011; Pendleton et al. 2012)

Coastal Ecosystem Have Rich Carbon Stores

These ecosystems are being

rapidly lost

(Modified from Pendleton et al. 2012).

Annual Rate -

Deforestation

0,3 % ( ~ 9330 Ha)

Demostration Site for Integrated Blue Carbon

in Berau-Derawan Islands, East Kalimantan (2012~ )

Marine Protected Area : 1.27 mill Ha

One of the highest biodiversity in CT region

Influenced by ITF (primary inflow)

MO

DE

LVerification

Time Series

Observation

Po

lic

y-

Blu

e C

arb

on

C

oncerv

ation, M

anag

em

et,

Susta

ina

ble

use

Satellite Images

-Mapping-

Meteorological

Oceanographic

Fisheries &

Aquaculture

Social-Economic

Culture

10

Flowchart of Integrated Blue Carbon Programm

Blue Growth

Analysis

Marine Ecology

Mangroves

Coastal’s Observation: Collecting physical-Chem-Bio data of coastal

ecosystem (e.g. mangrove and sediment cores) for understanding the

ecosystem dynamics and its impacts.

Sediments

11

Kuadrand

transect

Line transect

Activities for Insitu Observations –COASTAL BC

Sediment Core

Measurement of

Biomass and DBH

Methodology - Protocol

13

Free to download:

thebluecarboninitiative.org/manual

Species group Equation Source Data origin

B. gymnorhiza B= 0.0754D2.505*ρModifified from Cole et al.

1999, Kauffman and Cole 2010Micronesia

R. apiculata B= 0.043D2.63 Amira, 2008 Indonesia

R. mucronata B= 0.1282D2.60 Fromard et al, 1998 French Guinea

S. alba B= 0.3841D2.101*ρModified from Cole et al. 1999,

Kauffman and Cole 2010Micronesia

X. granatum B= 0.1832D2.21 Tarlan, 2008 Indonesia

Note: B= biomass (kg); D= diameter at breast height (cm); ρ= wood density (g.cm-3)

• Data analysis

Carbon stock was quantified based on the measurement of

aboveground biomass using allometric equation

Allometric equations (Source: Kauffman and Donato, 2012)

Carbon stocks = biomass x carbon content (%) x area

analysed using CN analizer Satelite (ArcGIS)

Biomass and Carbon Stock in

MangroveBerau-Derawan

IslsBiomass

(ton/ha)

Ranges of DBH = 3,18 – 232, 48 cm15

Biomass dan Karbon Mangrove

a)

Carbon Stock (ton C

ha-1)

16

Biomass

(ton/ha)

Biomass & Carbon Stock in

Mangrove

Berau-Derawan Islands

17

Biomass & Carbon Stock in Mangrove

18

Carbon Profile in Sedimen (Mg

ha-1)

19

0.000

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

20.000

6 - 10 26 - 30 51 - 55 71 - 75 96 - 100

Percentage Carbon in Sediment Cores (%)

1C

1B

2

3A

4

5B

6

7

9

Station

11.2011.4011.6011.8012.0012.2012.40

P. Panjang P. Derawan P. Samama P. Maratua

C (

%)

Percentage carbon in Surface Sedimen (%)DERAWAN Islands

20

Results:Mangrove cover map in Berau

21

Results:

Deforestation in Berau 1990 - 2013

1990 - 20002000 - 20052005 - 20101990 - 2013

Mangrove area and Carbon stock change

Year 1990 2013

Area

Mangrove 60,420 46,493

Secondary Mangrove 271 6,314

Carbon stock

Mangrove 8,872,092 6,976,245

Secondary Mangrove 14,921 384,361

Carbon stock change

Mangrove -1,895,847

Secondary Mangrove 369,441

22

Results:Deforestation of Mangroves 1990 – 2013

1990 - 2000 2000 - 2005 2005 - 2010 1990 - 2010

Grossloss -6,62% -1,01% -2,41% -9,79%

Mangrove lost/degraded : 13.927 Ha

Carbon lost: 1.89 Mill tonnes C23

1990-2000 2000-2005 2005-2013 1990-2013

HUMAN HEALTH IMPACT

Mangroves protect human lives by absorbing

the impacts of waves, tsunamis, storm

surges, and floods. Mangroves can absorb

70 to 90 % of the energy of a normal wave

(Miththapala, 2008).

ECOLOGICAL IMPACT

Mangroves remove significant amounts of

carbon from the atmosphere .

Mangroves provide shelter and food for

numerous fish, birds, crustaceans, and

other wildlife.

ECONOMIC IMPACT

Mangroves play a critical role in supporting

commercial fisheries, improving water quality, and

providing fuel and raw materials.

The global value of the goods and services

mangroves provide to humans has been estimated

to be as much as $9,990 per hectare (Costanza et

al., 1997). Berau has lost about $139.1 mill

What Are the

Impacts ?

25

THANK YOU !!

B L U E C A R B O N C E N T E RAgency for Research and Development of Marine and Fisheries

Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries - INDONESIA

Contact : Andreas A. Hutahaean, PhD

E: bluecarbon.indonesia@kkp.go.id

andreas@kkp.go.id

Add: Bld 2. BRKP, 4th Fl

Jl. Pasir Putih I, Ancol Timur

14430 Jakarta-INDONESIA

Indonesia’s Blue Carbon = 1.3 Pg C or approximately 10% of the world’s entire coastal blue carbon (including C stored on the continental shelves, etc)

Indonesian Mangrove Carbon = 690 Tg C or approximately 23% of the world’s entire mangrove carbon

Indonesian Seagrass Carbon = 980 Tg C or approximately 11% of the world’s entire seagrass carbon

1.5% annual losses of seagrass and mangroves in Indonesia adds 2% (18.6 Tg C yr-1) to the world’s deforestation C losses

MoMAF data Estimates: