Clean&Energy&in&India:& R&D&opportuni6es&and&Needs& · 2019-11-27 · Clean&Energy&R&D&India_____...

Clean Energy in India: R&D opportuni6es and Needs

Ambuj Sagar

Vipula and Mahesh Chaturvedi Professor of Policy Studies Indian Ins6tute of Technology Delhi

[email protected]

Energy Technology R&D Needs of Emerging Economies IEA/EGRD & MOST, Beijing

28 November 2012

Clean Energy R&D India___________________________________________________________

Outline:

•  India’s energy sector – a brief overview

•  (Selected) Clean energy opportuni6es (and needs) in India •  India’s R&D landscape •  Clean R&D opportuni6es, and coopera6ve approaches – a personal assessment


India’s energy sector – a brief overview


Trends in Supply of Primary Commercial Energy (MTOE)

Source: Draft 12th 5-year Plan 43% reduction in energy intensity between 1981 and 2011


Changing Structure of Fuel for Electricity

Source: Draft 12th 5-year Plan


Household access (to clean forms of energy) (%)

Source: Draft 12th 5-year Plan


(Selected) Clean energy opportunities (and needs) in India

1609 181 346

476 41 63

449 43 89 394 58 100

60 122

Source: Low-C Committee interim report

Clean Energy R&D India___________________________________________________________ Low-C energy futures:


Low-C energy futures (contd):

Power generation technology options:

•  More efficient coal genera6on ü  Retrofi\ng exis6ng sub-‐cri6cal coal power plants

Economizers Air pre-‐heaters Cogenera6on

ü  Greenfield Supercri6cal/ultra-‐supercri6cal coal power Integrated gasifica6on combined cycle



Power generation (contd.):

•  Renewables ü  Grid-‐integra6on and control ü Solar Solar PV and solar thermal genera6on systems ü  Wind

Advanced wind turbines/components Simula6on tools for op6mized wind-‐farm planning Wind power density assessment



Buildings:



Buildings technology options:

•  More efficient appliances ü Household

Fans (motors, blade design) Ligh6ng (LED-‐based ligh6ng systems) Refrigerators (compressors, insula6on, design) Air-‐condi6oners (compressors, design)

ü  Commercial Innova6ve air-‐condi6oning (hydrate slurry ac) Ligh6ng systems

•  Building Integrated Management Systems

•  High-‐reflec6vity paints and windows

•  Incorpora6on of renewables (e.g., solar water heaters)



Industry technology options (steel):

•  Raw material processing ü Pulverized coal injec6on ü Coal-‐beneficia6on technologies ü Next-‐genera6on coke-‐making technologies ü Sintering machine cooler waste heat recovery

•  Improved core technologies ü  Smelt-‐reduc6on technologies (CORX. FINEX) ü Con6nuous cas6ng; integrated cas6ng & rolling; cold-‐rolling.. ü DC arc technology (EAFs)

•  Energy recovery and conserva6on ü  Top-‐pressure turbine ü Coke dry quenching ü Waste-‐heat recovery ü Automated monitoring and process op6miza6on


Industry technology options (cement):

•  Waste heat recovery ü  Co-‐genera6on ü Low-‐pressure waster heat reovery

•  Cement formula6on ü  Low-‐carbon cement ü  Pre-‐blending processing technologies (increased blending percentage)



Some ‘clean energy’ initiatives :

•  Na6onal mission on enhanced energy efficiency Energy security, resource-‐use efficiency, climate change ü Industrial energy efficiency (Perform, Achieve, and Trade) ü Market Transforma6on for Energy Efficiency (MTEE) ü  Financing Energy Efficiency

•  Jawaharlal Nehru Na6onal Solar Mission Energy security, climate change, industrial development ü Large-‐scale power genera6on (3-‐20 GW), off-‐grid (2GW), solar heaters (20m sq. m.), rural ligh6ng (20m households) ü  R&D promo6on


Some ‘clean energy’ initiatives (contd):

� Na6onal Biomass Cookstove Ini6a6ve Energy access, health objec:ves ü Development and dissemina6on of clean cookstoves (160m households) – explora6on of new technologies and deployment models ü Tes6ng facili6es; standard development; monitoring and assessment



India’s R&D Landscape

ç

Source: R&D Statistics 2007-2008


Expenditure on R&D by major scien6fic agencies

Expenditures by Ministries: Rs. 250353 lakhs (2005-06)

-  Coal: Rs. 4757 lakhs -  Heavy Industry: Rs. 26518 lakhs -  P&NG: Rs. 34152 lakhs


Source: R&D Statistics 2007-2008

Clean energy R&D: •  Range of clean energy R&D ac6vi6es in public and private sectors, e.g.,

ü Cleaner and more efficient coal conversion ü Energy-‐efficient appliances ü Wind energy ü  Solar energy (PV) ü  Electric vehicles

•  Some interna6onal coopera6on on clean energy technologies, e.g., under the Clean Energy Ministerial, US-‐India Clean Energy R&D Center

•  Ac6vi6es generally follow ini6a6ves from different ministries and agencies – increasing coordina6on



Clean R&D opportunities and cooperative approaches – a personal assessment

Key point:

High rate of growth of Indian economy => much of base yet to be installed

ü  pay par6cular aoen6on to greenfield deployment

Exis6ng base/stock also has large scope for improvement ü  Many improvements in recent years (but in selected areas)

Clean energy access remains important issue ü  Adequacy ü Affordability

Significant opportuni:es for clean energy technologies…


… but need strengthened analytical and technical capabilities (esp. systems perspective)

•  Systema6c iden6fica6on of technology and R&D needs ü  By sector ü  By actor (e.g., size of opera6ons)

Need special a@en:on to energy-‐efficient genera:on and end-‐use technologies and renewables;

•  Priori6za6on – opportuni6es exceed resources and capacity

Need to incorporate broader developmental considera:ons into calculus (energy access, employment, food security, etc.)

•  Beoer understanding of gaps to be overcome for successful deployment/scale-‐up

•  Systems of collec6on and dissemina6on of informa6on re techs


Cooperative R&D - some key issues:

•  No single model of coopera6ve R&D – appropriateness of model would depend on technology

•  Role of public RD&D (driver or facilitator), esp. in rela6on to uncertainty in early-‐stage private investments in cleantech? Na6onal or ‘interna6onal’ programs? PPP?

•  Rela6onship to CTC&N and CICs?

•  Funding sources (bilateral donors, mul6laterals, GCF)?

•  Strengthening analy6cal capacity, esp. re technological opportuni6es and op6ons analysis?


Clean&Energy&in&India:& R&D&opportuni6es&and&Needs& · 2019-11-27 · Clean&Energy&R&D&India_____...

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