Clean And Fuel Saving Technology

8/11/2019 Clean And Fuel Saving Technology

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RENEWABLE FUEL LESS HYBRID ELECTRICVEHICLES (HEV)

(CLEAN & FUEL SAVING TECHNOLOGY)

Presented by

P.SABARISH KUMAR950013413013


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ABSTRACT Today automobiles are identified as one of major

causes of air pollution and energy depletion. Any vehicle that combines two or more sources of

power that can directly or indirectly provides propulsion power is a hybrid.

The gasoline electric hybrid car is just that a cross between a gasoline powered car and electric car.Hybrid cars run with a rechargeable battery and

gasoline. Both engine and electric motor can turn the

transmission at the same time and the transmissionthen turns the wheels.


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INTRODUCTION The main problem the world is facing is

environmental pollution. The major reasons for the pollution are

industrialization and internal combustion engines. In order to overcome the problem of pollution, many

alternative fuels are in developing stage. Among thesesome of the sources are:

1. Solar energy2. Fuel cells3. Electric vehicles.4. Hybrid vehicles


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SOLAR ENERGY There is no pollution. Eliminates both environmental

and political concerns

Many times climatic conditions dont support use ofsolar energy.

But silicon plates are to be manufactured. Buttechnology developed cant produce the silicon plates

with less cost and with less easy. Abundant energy


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HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS

hydrogen which is mostly abundant is themain sources of fuel cells

Eliminates both environmental and politicalconcerns

Extraction of hydrogen is extremely difficultwith the present technology.


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ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Causes no pollution. Not enough power outputApplicable only to lighter vehiclesInvolves high manufacturing cost.

Experts hope that vehicles based on solar energyare expected to reach its full development by 2020.

In addition to this a conventional car meetsrequirements of customer and generally gets poormileage, causes heavy environmental pollution andwastage of fuel.


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DEFINITION

Hybrid engine is the engine which consists of:

At least 2 different energy converters and 2different energy sources for the vehicle

propulsion

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) combineadvantages of both the engines and electricalsource


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Advantages .Increases fuel economy

Reduces pollution

Decreasing dependence on fossil fuels

No wastage of fossil fuels.

Drive at least 300 miles (482 km) between re-fueling.

Be refueled quickly and easily


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WORKING

An internal combustion vehicle has a fuel tank, whichsupplies gasoline to the engine. The engine then turnsa transmission, which turns the wheels.

The motor turns a transmission, and the transmissionturns the wheels. The hybrid is a compromise.

It attempts to significantly increase the mileage andreduce the emissions of a gas-powered car whileovercoming the shortcomings of an electric car.


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TYPES

A gasoline-electric car combines these two setupsboth IC engines and electric vehicles into one systemthat runs on both fuel power and electric power. But

there are two different kinds of hybrid structures ofarrangements in this setup.

They are.

1. A parallel hybrid car 2. A series hybrid car.


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SERIES HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES:

It has tank that pumps gasoline to the engine Engine turns a generator Generator can either charge the batteries or power

an electric motor

Only the electric motor drives the transmission


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PARALLEL HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES: It has a fuel tank that supply gasoline or diesel to

engine. Engine and electric motor turn the transmission at

the same time

Capable of working simultaneously andindependently. Both the electric motor and the IC engine can provide

propulsion power.


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HYBRID STRUCTURE:


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HYBRID STRUCTURE:

Gasoline engine Electric storage devices: Fuel tank Electric motor Generator

Transmission


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The Mercedes-Benz M-Class HyPer -- ahybrid concept vehicle

Electric Storage Devices: - This is the main component which differs HEV

from the conventional vehicles ( ICE). It is the main reason for HEVs characteristics

like: no pollution vehicles and energy savingvehicles.

So this component has to be studied clearly.


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characteristics:

High specific energy low manufacturing cost

Safety Long cycle life Charge quickly from variety of sources Discharge quickly: so that it can supply

enough power during acceleration of thevehicle.

f l d


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Types of electric storage devices :

There are three types of energy storagedevices are developed so far. they are:

1. fly wheel

2. Batteries

3. Ultra capacitors.


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FLYWHEELS:

This part mainly consists of three parts:

1. rotating cylinder

2. turbo generator

3. magnetic coils


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FLYWHEELS:


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Turbo generator in the flywheel rotates thecylinder which cuts magnetic flux.

Then the mechanical energy, which rotatesthe cylinder, is converted into electricalenergy.

Required magnetic flux is produced by themagnetic coils which are placed around therotating cylinder.

To extract energy the magnetic fields arealtered to act as an electric generator

ADVANTAGES OF FLYWHEEL TYPE


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ADVANTAGES OF FLYWHEEL TYPEELECTRIC STORAGE DEVICES

1. Operates in a wider temperature range thanbatteries and capacitors2. Higher specific energy than lead acid batteries

DISADVANTAGES: 1. Cost

2. Material3. Manufacture


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BATTERIES:

Lead acid batteries:

Nickel Metal Hydride batteries:

Lithium Polymer batteries:


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A DVANTAGES OF HYBRID ENGINES:

Instantaneous fuel consumption decoupled frominstantaneous road loads Road load and engineload are decoupled

Inherent bi-directionality of the engine/workloop. Energy transfer occurs both ways

Control strategy dictated by vehicle mission


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Hybrid Efficiency and Performance :

The big engine is heavier than the small engine,so the vehicle uses extra energy every time itaccelerates or drives up a hill.

The displacement of the cylinders is larger, somore fuel is required by each cylinder.

Bigger engines usually have more cylinders, andeach cylinder uses fuel every time the enginefires, even if the vehicle isn't moving.


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Recover energy and store it in the battery

Sometimes shut off the engine

Use advanced aerodynamics to reduce drag

Use lightweight materials


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CONCLUSIONS:

From the above discussion we can conclude thatHEV means Clean and Fuel Saving Technology forthe Current and Future Vehicles High Cost/Price is

still a big issue to be solved. This problem can only be eliminated by Collaboration

between industries and government to lower thebarriers (such as taxes) on the customer andindustries to adopt these Eco-friendly technologies.

D H b id t f t hi l


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Does Hybrid meets future vehiclerequirements?

Good performance YES

High efficiency YES Low environmental impacts YES

Cost effective YES

Clean And Fuel Saving Technology

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