Classifying sounds: place and manner of articulation · 2017. 10. 18. · It’s a bilabial...
Transcript of Classifying sounds: place and manner of articulation · 2017. 10. 18. · It’s a bilabial...
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Classifying sounds: place and manner of articulation
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Where and how sounds are made
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• Say ‘mmmm’ – where is the ‘m’ sound produced? It’s a bilabial consonant (this is the place of
articulation) • Pinch your nose – what happens? It stops: it’s a nasal (not an oral) consonant • Put your fingers in your ears – what do you hear? The vibrations of the vocal cords: it’s a voiced
consonant
Thinking about sounds
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Some places of articulation: bilabial consonants
p pie b buy m mute w wood
lips
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Labiodental consonants
f fine v vine
upper teeth
lower lip
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Dental consonants
θ thin ð this
upper teeth
tip of tongue
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Alveolar consonants
t tie d die s Sue z zoo n night l light
alveolar ridge
tip/blade of tongue
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Post-alveolar / palato-alveolar consonants
ʃ shoe, pressure Ʒ pleasure
ʧ cheap ʤ jeep r rack
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Palatal consonants
j yes
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Velar consonants
velum
back of tongue
k curl g girl ŋ rang
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Some manners of articulation: plosives (think explosion) or stops
Bilabial: p b Alveolar: t d Velar: k g
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Fricatives (think friction)
Labiodental: f v Alveolar: s z Palato-alveolar or post-alveolar: ʃ Ʒ
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Oral Nasal
(Velum is lowered, allowing air to enter the nasal cavity)
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Nasals
Bilabial: m Velar: ŋ Alveolar: n
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Other consonants
• Affricates (a combination of stop + fricative):
ʧ = voiceless post-alveolar affricate
ʤ = voiced post-alveolar affricate • Approximant (articulators approach each other
but do not touch): w r j • Lateral (also called lateral approximant; air
flows over sides of tongue): l
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Summary of Places of Articulation• Bilabial (lips) p b m w • Labiodental (lips and teeth) f fine v vine • Dental (tongue and teeth) θ thin ð then • Alveolar (tongue and alveolar ridge) t d s z n l • Palato-alveolar (tongue and front part of hard palate) ʃ shoe ʒ measure ʧ cheap ʤ jeep r • Palatal (tongue and hard palate) j yes • Velar (tongue and velum) k g ŋ running • Glottal (glottis) h
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Summary of manners of articulation
• Plosive / Stop p b t d k g • Fricative f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h • Affricate (stop + fricative) ʧ ʤ • Nasal m n ŋ • Approximants w r j (central) l (lateral)
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Classifying consonants
• Voiced or voiceless • Place of articulation • (Central or lateral) • (Oral or nasal) • Manner of articulation Example 1 : s (sing): - A voiceless, alveolar, (central), (oral) fricative - A voiceless, alveolar plosive/stop = ? /t/ What is /k/? - A voiceless, velar plosive/stop
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The IPA: The English consonants
w, r, j (y) – central approximants; l – lateral approximant