Classification vocabulary. Aristotle Ancient Greek - classified organisms into two categories -...
-
Upload
jeffrey-warner -
Category
Documents
-
view
226 -
download
2
Transcript of Classification vocabulary. Aristotle Ancient Greek - classified organisms into two categories -...
Arthropoda Phylum
Insects, spiders, millipedes. Name means "jointed limbs"
Invertebrates with exoskeleton. Complex nervous system
Annelid Phylum
Annelid Phylum Earthworms, bristle worms and leeches. Name means "segmented worms" with tiny hairs called bristles. Invertebrates and live in many different environments.
Closed circulatory system.
Archaea Domain
Unicellular prokaryotes but cell wall doesn't contain peptidoglycan. Considered most ancient of living things - Archae means "ancient ones"
Autotroph -:Organisms that can create their own food: either by using sunlight (photosynthesis) or other chemicals (chemosynthesis).
Fancy name for "producer"
Bacteria Domain
Prokaryotic - no nucleus
Unicellular bacteria with thick cell walls that contain peptidoglycan.
Binomial Nomenclature
Two word naming system (Latin) for organisms - which creates it's scientific name
First word is the Genus (always capitalized) and second is the species (always lowecase).
Example: Panthera leo - scientific name for a African lion
Carolus Linnaeus
Carolus Linnaeus:(1707-1778) developed a classification system consisting of levels. His levels were from Kingdom (biggest) to species (smallest)
Known as the father of classification. Classified organisms according to similarities in form
Cnidarian phyla
CnidariaJellyfish, sea anemones, coral.
Simple animals whose body plan consists of cells and tissue.
Name means "stinging cell" all animals in this phylum have stinging cells on tentacles which are used to paralyze or kill their prey.
Echinodermata Phylum
Echinodermata-Starfish,sea urchins, sea cucumbers and sea lilies. Complex animals with organ systems and a water vascular system.
Name means "spiny skin" all have an endoskeleton with spines. Invertebrate. All live in marine environments.
Evolution
Evolution -When organisms change over time.
Supported by Darwin's theory of Natural Selection and other data accumulated by scientists since the late 1800's.
Eukaryotic
Eukaryotic -:organisms with a nucleus in their cells. Examples are Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plant and Animal.
Eukarya Domain
Eukarya Domain -:All organisms in this domain are Eukaryotes - has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Chordata
Chordata phylum -:The vertebrates! Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals are the five classes in this phylum.
Complex animals with organ systems and a backbone. Complex nervous system.
Animal Kingdom
Eukarya domain - Eukaryote - has nucleus in cells
All multicellular, all are consumers
No cell wall
Examples: insects, mammals, birds, fish
Fungi Kingdom
Eukarya domain - Eukaryote - has nucleus
All have a cell wall
All are decomposers - break down dead or decaying organic matterial
Some are unicellular, others are multicelluar
Examples: yeasts, molds, mushrooms, mildew
Genus
Classification group within families or
Each family is made up of groups of genera
2nd smallest group (makes up part of scientific name)
Heterotroph
Heterotroph -An organism that has to eat others for food.
Can be an herbivore (eats only plants), carnivore (eats only other animals) or scavenger.
Fancy name for "consumer"
Orders
Orders -Classification group within classes or
Members of each class is made up of different orders
Molluska PhylaSnails/slugs, clams/oysters/mussels, octopus/squid. More complex animals with body systems. Name Molluska means "soft bodied"
Invertebrates with open circulatory system.
Three classes:
bivalves : "2 shelled" clams/oysters
gastropods: snails and slugs
cephalopods: "head foot" octopus and squid
Kingdom
Kingdom -According to Linnaeus's classification system it was the largest and most general classification category
2nd largest in modern classification system
Porifera phylum
Sponges. Simple animals whose body is made up of only two layers of cells. Filter feeders and live in marine environments.
Plant Kingdom
Eukarya domain - Eukaryote - has nucleus
All multicellular and all have a cell wall
All are producers
Examples: ferns, mosses, conifers, flowering plants
Prokaryotic
No nucleus in cells or membrane bound organelles.
Examples: Domain Archae and Bacteria. All bacteria.
Protista Kingdom
In Eukarya domain - Eukaryote (having a nucleus)
Some have a cell wall, others don't
Some are consumers, others producers, other decomposers (animal like protists, plant like protists, fungi like protists)
Mostly unicellular, but some multicellular
Name means "odds and ends" in Latin
Examples: protozoans, algae, slime molds, amoeba
Scientific name
• Scientific name -• Name given to organism using it's genus and
species name. (Binomial nomenclature)
Species
Smallest classification category
Each genus is divided into species.
Species also describes a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.