Is the branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to their characteristics and...
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Transcript of Is the branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to their characteristics and...
Is the branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary history.
ARISTOTLE (Greek philosopher) – was the first to classify organisms more than 2,000 year ago
Classified by land, air, and water dwellers
15th and 16th centuries Aristotle’s system seemed adequate
Then, scientist began to see a problem with “common names” ex: jellyfish not a fish
robin, fir tree
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) Swedish naturalist› Grouping organisms into hierarchical
categories› First he used morphology (form &
structure)› Then phylogeny (evolutionary history of
organism)
KINGDOM - king PHYLUM - philip CLASS - came ORDER - over FAMILY - for GENUS - good SPECIES - spaghetti
Genus species RULE:
› Genus name is CAPITALIZED and both names are underlined or written in italics!!!!
› Ex: Panthera leo, Panthera tigris, Felis domestica, Felis concolor
Six Kingdom System› 1. Archaebacteria› 2. Eubacteria› 3. Protista› 4. Fungi› 5. Plantae› 6. Animalia
Archae = ancient unicellular Prokaryotes Autotrophic – chemosynthesis Waste methane Live in harsh environments such as
sulfurous hot springs, salty lakes Also live in anaerobic environments
such as intestines of mammals May be direct descendents of first
organisms on Earth (before evolution of photosynthesis & O2)
black smoker: the colonies thrive in complete darkness, without oxygen, surrounded by superheated water, and bathed in a chemical soup of hydrogen sulfide and other dissolved minerals. That's extreme!
EXTREMOPHILES!!!
!
Eu = “true” Unicellular prokaryotes Most of the bacteria that affect your
life Cause: tooth decay, turn milk into
yogurt, cause food poisoning Most USE OXYGEN Include the GREATEST NUMBER OF
LIVING THINGS ON EARTH!! Reproduce by binary fission (30 min.)
WOW!
Made up of variety of eukaryotic, mostly single celled organisms
Some exist as multicellular organisms ex: “giant kelp” = looks like a plant BUT lacks specialized tissues
This kingdom contains all eukaryotes that are NOT plants, animals or fungi
More than 50,000 species
Euglena = can feed on other organisms like animals BUT also have chloroplast and can go through photosynthesis
Feed on other organisms and respond to touch and light.
Heterotrophic unicellular & multicellular eukaryotic organisms
ABSORB nutrients Over 100,000 species
including mushrooms, puffballs, rusts, smuts, mildews, and molds!
Multicellular plants Autotrophic and use photosynthesis
350,000 species include: mosses, ferns, conifers, & flowering plants
Eukaryotic, multicellular heterotrophic organisms
Most have symmetrical body organization