MatterClassification,

Properties And Changes

Matter

Substances

Elements Compounds

Mixtures

Homogeneous Heterogeneous

Classification of Matter

Substances = fixed ratio; can not be separated using physical properties.

Elements - periodic table Compounds – 2 or more elements

combined Mixtures = variable ratio; can be

separated using physical properties. Homogeneous- same throughout Heterogeneous- distinguishable components

Substances vs Mixtures

Filtering - based on size/un-dissolved solids

Distillation – based on boiling point Chromatography – based on solubility Centrifugation – force on sedimentation Gaseous Diffusion – lighter gases diffuse

faster Magnetic Attraction – magnetic

properties Evaporation – dissolved solids from a

liquid

Separation of Mixtures

Physical Properties - can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter

Chemical Properties – the ability of a substance to change into a new substance with different properties

Properties of Matter

Include: color, odor, texture, density, boiling point, freezing point, thermal conductivity,

malleability, ductility, solubility, density.

Intensive one that does not depend on the system size or the amount of material in the system

Extensive one that is directly proportional to the amount of material in the system

Physical Properties

INTENSIVE: EXTENSIVE Temperature Volume Density Mass Viscosity Size Color State of Matter

Intensive vs Extensive Examples

ReactivityFlammabilityOxidation State – loss/gain of electrons

Chemical Properties

Solid – definite shape and volume

Liquid – definite volume

Gas – no definite shape or volume

States or Phases of Matter

Phase Change of Water

Melting – solid to liquid Boiling – liquid to gas Condensing – gas to a liquid Freezing – liquid to solid Sublimation – solid to gas without passing

through liquid phase Deposition – gas to solid without passing through liquid phase

Phase Changes