Classification of Living Classification of Living ThingsThings

Why Classify?Why Classify?Scientific Names are dependable and Scientific Names are dependable and

universally accepteduniversally accepted!!

Felis concolor – Felis concolor –

mountain lion, puma,mountain lion, puma,

panther, cougarpanther, cougar

Carolus Linnaeus – 1707-Carolus Linnaeus – 1707-17781778

Our system is based Our system is based on his work.on his work.

Heirarchical system –Heirarchical system –

7 levels.7 levels.

Seven Levels of Seven Levels of ClassificationClassification

The Six KingdomsThe Six Kingdoms

Today the system of classification includes six kingdoms. Today the system of classification includes six kingdoms.

The Six Kingdoms:The Six Kingdoms: Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi, Archaebacteria, Archaebacteria, Eubacteria.Eubacteria.

How are organism placed into their kingdoms? How are organism placed into their kingdoms? Cell type, complex or simpleCell type, complex or simple Their ability to make foodTheir ability to make food The number of cells in their bodyThe number of cells in their body

Bacteria&

Archaebacteria

Kingdom ClassificationKingdom Classification

ProkaryotesProkaryotes NoNo separate organelles in their cells separate organelles in their cells BacteriaBacteria ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteria

EukaryotesEukaryotes Separate organelles Separate organelles

in their cellsin their cells ProtistsProtists PlantsPlants FungiFungi AnimalsAnimals

AnimalsAnimals

The The animalanimal kingdom kingdom is the largest is the largest kingdom with over kingdom with over 1 million known 1 million known speciesspecies..

All animals consist All animals consist of many complex of many complex cells. They are also cells. They are also heterotrophs heterotrophs and and must feed on other must feed on other organisms. organisms.

Sumatran Tiger - Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum, Chordata, Class Mammalia, Order Carnivora, Family Felidae, Genus Pathera,

Species tigris

PlantsPlantsYou are probably quite familiar with the members of this kingdom as it contains all the plants that you have come to know - flowering plants, mosses, and ferns. Plants are all multicellular and consist of complex cells.

In addition plants are autotrophs, organisms that make their own food With over 250,000 species, the plant kingdom is the second largest

kingdom.

Without plants, life on Earth would not exist! Plants feed almost all the heterotrophs (organisms that eat other

organisms) on Earth. Wow!

FungiFungi

Mushrooms, mold and mildew are all examples of Mushrooms, mold and mildew are all examples of organisms in the kingdom organisms in the kingdom fungi.fungi.

Most fungi are Most fungi are multicellular multicellular andand consists of many consists of many complex cells. complex cells.

Fungi are organisms that biologists once confused Fungi are organisms that biologists once confused with plants, with plants, however, unlike plants, fungi however, unlike plants, fungi cannot make their own food.cannot make their own food. Most obtain their Most obtain their food from parts of plants that are decaying in the food from parts of plants that are decaying in the soil.soil.

ProtistsProtists

Slime molds and algae are protists. Slime molds and algae are protists. Sometimes they are called the odds and ends Sometimes they are called the odds and ends

kingdom because its members are so different kingdom because its members are so different from one another.  from one another.  Protists Protists include all include all microscopic organisms that are microscopic organisms that are notnot bacteria, bacteria, notnot animals, animals, notnot plants and plants and notnot fungi.  fungi. 

Most Most protistsprotists are are unicellular.unicellular. You may be You may be wondering why those protists are not wondering why those protists are not classified in the Archaebacteria or Eubacteria classified in the Archaebacteria or Eubacteria kingdoms.  kingdoms. 

It is because, unlike bacteria, protists are It is because, unlike bacteria, protists are complex cells.complex cells.

EubacteriaEubacteria

EubacteriaEubacteria are complex and single are complex and single celled.  Most bacteria are in the celled.  Most bacteria are in the EUBACTERIAEUBACTERIA kingdom. They are the kingdom. They are the kinds found everywhere and are the kinds found everywhere and are the ones people are most familiar with.  ones people are most familiar with. 

ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteria

Archaebacteria are found in Archaebacteria are found in extreme environments such as hot extreme environments such as hot boiling water and thermal vents boiling water and thermal vents under conditions with no oxygen under conditions with no oxygen or highly acid environments.or highly acid environments.

Naming OrganismsNaming OrganismsGenus (always capitalized first letter) Genus (always capitalized first letter)

&&

Species (written second and first letter lower Species (written second and first letter lower cased)cased)

Called Binomial Nomenclature!Called Binomial Nomenclature!

Examples:Examples:

Homo sapiens – Homo sapiens –

Human Human

Bubo Virginianus –Bubo Virginianus –

Great Horned OwlGreat Horned Owl

Complete classsificationComplete classsification