Classification Grouping things based on their characteristics!!
Classification. Classification taxonomy –science of grouping and naming organisms based on shared...
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Transcript of Classification. Classification taxonomy –science of grouping and naming organisms based on shared...
ClassificationClassification
•taxonomy
–science of grouping and naming organisms based on shared characteristics
ClassificationClassification
Purpose for classifying organisms
•brings order to the diversity of life
•allows identification of new organisms
•basis for scientifically naming organisms
•universal standard for communication
ClassificationClassification
common names can often be misleading
•jellyfish, starfish, cuttlefish, silverfish
ClassificationClassification
common names can often be misleading
•mountain lion, puma, cougar, panther
ClassificationClassification
common names can often be misleading
•ringworm, mealworm, acorn worm
fungusinsect larva
aquatic worm
ClassificationClassification
History of classification
•Aristotle (350B.C.)
–placed all known organisms into two groups
–animals & plants
ClassificationClassification
History of classification
•Carolus Linnaeus (1750)
–father of taxonomy
–classified organisms by
physical & structural similarities
–places organisms into Species
–places species into Genera
–introduced binomial nomenclature
•written in Latin (Genus, species)
ClassificationClassification
Correctly naming organisms scientifically
•First name: Genus (First letter CAPITALIZED)
•second name: Species (all lower case)
•underline (if hand written) or italicized (computer)
•ex: Eastern grey squirrel
–Sciurus carolinensis
ClassificationClassification
classification provides a framework in which to study the relationships among living and extinct species
ClassificationEvolutionary Relationships
structural similarities
•many shared physical structures provide evidence of close relationship and common ancestry
•ex: Lynx & Bobcat
ClassificationEvolutionary Relationships
geographical distribution
•location of a species help determine relationship with other species
•ex: finches on the Galapogos
ClassificationEvolutionary Relationships
chromosomal comparison
•chromosome number and shape
•ex: cauliflower, cabbage, kale, broccoli
•chromosomes are
almost identical
ClassificationEvolutionary Relationships
biochemistry
•looks at DNA and similar proteins
•ex: horseshoe crab
–originally classified with Crustacea
ClassificationEvolutionary Relationships
•ex: horseshoe crab
–originally classified with Crustacea
–better classified as Arachnida
ClassificationEvolutionary Relationships
Breeding behavior
•mating calls or mating periods
•ex: frogs, birds
ClassificationEvolutionary Relationships
•developing the
evolutionary history
of an organism is
phylogeny
ClassificationEvolutionary Relationships
•cladogram model
–shows evolutionary relationships between organisms
ClassificationTaxonomic Hierarchy•Domain – broadest classification•Kingdom•Phylum•Class•Order•Family•Genus•Species – most specific
–sometimes -subspecies (animals), •varieties (plants)•strains (bacteria)
•D K P C O F G S
ClassificationTaxonomic Hierarchyclassification of human?•Domain – Eukarya•Kingdom – Anamilia•Phylum – Chordata•Class – Mammalia•Order – Primate•Family – Homididae•Genus – Homo•Species – Sapien
–Binomial name?–Homo sapien
ClassificationHistory of Classification
Late 1800’s
•with the use of the microscope, new kingdom was found
•Plantae, Animalia & Protista
ClassificationHistory of Classification
1950’s
•New tool - electron microscope, new kingdom was found without a nucleus
•Plantae, Animalia, Protista & Monera (bacteria)
ClassificationHistory of Classification
1960’s
•Biochemical studies showed difference in cell wall composition (split up one of our Kingdoms)
•Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Monera & Fungi
chitin
ClassificationHistory of Classification
1990’s
•Structural and biochemical studies found difference in cell wall of some Monerans •Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Archaebacteria, Eubacteria & Fungi
peptidoglycan
ClassificationCurrent System
3 Domain system
•developed from looking at ribosomal RNA
•Bacteria – Eubacteria
•Archea – Archaebacteria
•Eukarya – Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protista
ClassificationTools for classification
field guide
•gives physical description of species
•may show range (locations it lives in)
•gives picture of species