Classification Chapter 18
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Transcript of Classification Chapter 18
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ClassificationChapter 18
Dr. Donna HowellBiology – Blacksburg High School
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Finding Order in Diversity
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What is Classification?• Put simply,
the putting into groups and naming of organisms.
• We classify because it helps us see the relationships between different organisms.
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Taxonomy• The
science of classifying and naming organisms is called taxonomy.
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Binomial Nomenclature• Organisms are
classified by a system called binomial nomenclature.
• Bi means “two” and this means that each species is assigned a two-part scientific name.
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Genus & Species• The first part
of the name is the genus.
• Example: all bears have the genus of Ursus.
• The second part of the name is the species. This is unique to each type of bear.
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Carolus Linnaeus• Carolus Linnaeus
is the scientist that came up with the hierarchial system of classification that includes 7 levels:– Kingdom– Phylum– Class– Order– Family– Genus– Species
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Carolus Linnaeus• The broadest
category is the kingdom.
• All animals are in the kingdom Animalia.
• Then gradually it gets more specific, eventually reaching the species level.
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Modern Evolutionary Classification
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Evolutionary Classification
• Phylogeny is the study of evolutionary relationships between organisms.
• Organisms are now grouped into lines of evolutionary descent.
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Cladograms• One way
evolutionary relationships are shown is through a cladogram.
• Each branch on a cladogram represents a new adaptation in the family line.
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Similarities in DNA and RNA
• Another way we can show evolutionary relationships is through analyzing DNA and RNA.
• This is much more accurate than other methods.
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Kingdoms and Domains
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The Six Kingdoms• The current
classification system contains six kingdoms:– Eubacteria– Archaebacteri
a– Protists– Fungi– Plantae– Animalia
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The Three Domains• Most
scientists now use a 3 domain classification system:– Archaea– Bacteria– Eukarya
• Plants• Animals• Fungi
Protists
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Domain Archaea• Archaea are
the most primitive bacteria.
• They are unique in that they live in extreme environments, such as high salt, high heat, cold, acid, etc.
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Domain Bacteria• The bacteria
are unicellular organisms that are prokaryotes (cells don’t have nuclei)
• Live EVERYWHERE!
• Cause disease
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Domain Eukarya - Protista
• The protists are unicellular and multicellular organisms with many different characteristics.
• Ex: malaria, algae, and many pond water organisms.
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Domain Eukarya -Fungi• The fungi are
organisms that feed on dead and decaying matter.
• Ex: mushrooms, yeast, molds, athlete’s foot, etc.
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Domain Eukarya -Plantae• The plants are
organisms that undergo photosynthesis.
• Ex: trees, flowers, grasses, etc.
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Domain Eukarya -Animalia
• The animals are organisms that are more advanced than other organisms.
• Ex: mammals, rodents, fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, etc.
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The End!