Classification and Taxonomy

MOUNTAIN LION?

PUMA?

COUGAR?

PANTHER?

Classification:grouping of ORGANISMS based on

SIMILARITIES

         

Tiger, Asiatic lion, Leopard, and Snow Leopard – All members of the genus Panthera.

Aristotle, 600 BC•Designed first classification system.

•2 Kingdoms:

•Plant

•Animal.

Aristotle’s –

based on habitat and physical characteristics

Carolus Linnaeus (1707 – 1778)

“Father of Taxonomy.”

His system still used as basis for today.

Still had only 2 Kingdoms:

Plant and Animal.

Linnaen system - based on the morphology of organisms = body form and structure

• showed relationships among organisms

• reflected evolutionary relationships among organisms

Linnaeus also…• Created BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

– A 2-word Latin naming system still used today.

BI = two

All organisms given a scientific name: includes

• the Genus of organism

•the specific epithet for that species.

NOMIAL = names

For example…

The scientific name for humans is

Homo sapiens.

Genus: Homo

Species: sapiens

When writing a Scientific name• Capitalize the first letter of the genus name

Norman High Panthera tigris RULES!

•Lower case for the first letter of the species name

•Italicize if printing o•Underline if handwriting

Taxonomy Today

• Identifies evolutionary relationships

• Classifies based on those relationships

• Compares internal and external structures

• Geographic locations

• DNA and RNA and proteins

• Embryological development

Taxonomy is a Framework• Used to study the relationship between

living and extinct species.

The Five Kingdoms

• K. Monera – Bacteria; single-celled; prokaryotic cells

– Autotrophs, heterotrophs, both chemotrophs,

• K. Protista – single-celled; eukaryotic cells– Autotrophs, heterotrophs, both

Hetero = other Auto = self Troph = food

“Feeds on others” “Feeds self”

Chemotrophs – use chemicals not sun for energy

• K. Fungi – mushrooms, mildews, mold; eukaryotic; multicellular; heterotrophic

Do not “eat” = ingest – they absorb nutrients!

• K. Plantae – trees, mosses, ferns, flowering plants; • Eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic• they make their own food through photosynthesis.-

– Turns light energy to chemical energy in food

mmmmm….sunshine!

• K. Animalia – insects, reptiles, birds, amphibians, mammals, and fish;

• Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic

mmmm…hamburgers! mmmm…rabbit stew!

Taxon groups of classification

• Kingdom• Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus• Species

• King• Philip• Came• Over • For • Great • Spaghetti mmmm…spaghetti!

PHYLA PROJECT

A. Phylum PoriferaB. Phylum CnidariaC. Phylum

PlatyhelminthesD. Phylum NematodaE. Phylum MolluscaF. Phylum AnnelidaG. Phylum ArthropodaH. Phylum

Echinodermata

•Correct pronunciations

•Number and name of classes

•Total # of known species

•Common characteristics

•How does it relate to other phyla

•Research today and prepare poster

•Neat, visible, readable info

•15 minutes next class to finish

•Present