Classical and participatory epidemiology of canine rabies in Lomé commune, Togo in 2012
-
Upload
ilri -
Category
Technology
-
view
611 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Classical and participatory epidemiology of canine rabies in Lomé commune, Togo in 2012
Classical and participatory epidemiology of canine rabies in Lomé commune, Togo in 2012
Dr PATO Pidemnewe Steed DVM, M Sc WA FELTP
E mail: [email protected]
Introduction Objectives Methodology Results and discussion Conclusion Recommendation
Introduction
Rabies = infectious disease / Lyssavirus 100% fatal when declared (Warrel,2004) World: A cases/10mn (WRD, 2012 100 children/Day) Sub‐saharan Africa: I= 0.25‐0.30/100,000 inhbt (WHO,2005) Togo: 89 cases of human rabies 2006‐2010 SIMR Lomé commune: 27 cases (30%) No lab confirmation on dog rabies Local knowledge not highlight control of disease
Provide clinical and biological diagnosis data by technology transfert LNE Ouagadougou/ LCV Lomé and implement participatory tools to clarify risk factors
General objective Determine clinical and laboratory diagnosis of dog bite on human and biting dog in PVO in Lomé commune and describ on household some risk factors associated to the incidence by participatory approach
Specifics objectives 1 Reveal characteristics of people exposed/ rabid dog
2 Establish clinical diagnosis on rabid dog 3 Confirm diagnosis (head of died or slaughter dogs) 4 Clarify character of rabid dog or not in household by participatory approach
• Introduction • Objectives
• Methodology
• Results/ discussion
• Conclusion
• recommendations
Study area
Lomé Commune Area: 90.56Km2 Population: 1 058 813 (DEPI, 2010) Dog population: 42 500 ( Mindekem)
TOGO Area: 56 600 km2 Pop: 6 000 000
Africa
Prospective study Aug 2011‐Jan 2012 Suspected dogs refer to in PVO in Lomé District. Follow up 75 dogs/
and dog bite in human notified by Veterinarian
Head /skull of suspected dogs died or slaughter 32 cases
Case control study March‐May 2012 Cases households sample + (11) 81/ 58 Women
Controls households not sample‐ but neighbouring houses don’t notified rabid dogs. (11) 75/62 Women
Semi structured Interview SSI / Check list Proportional piling, simple ranking on households ++ families in residence= a household
Results
Dog bite on human / biting dog
Characteristics Percentage %
Comments
DFA + suspected dogs 34 Less, Durr S. et al. 2008 89% suspected dogs +
Scratches 32 1/3 cases = scatches were take seriuosly as risk
Unvaccinated dogs 94.7 % vaccinated is low; more cases with unvaccinated dogs. Ezeokoli et al (2005) 75%
Dogs: Die / observation 34.4 54.54 +
Less Kayali et al. 2003 all dogs die were + DFA
Human bite injuries/ dog bite Characteristics Percentage
% Comments
Suspected dog Slaughter
65.6 24 +
Dont or anticipate kill or slaughter systematically dogs Saying: Who want to eat his dog or of other accused of rabies
No sign before die/ slaughter
56.3 Eliminated arbitrary, subjective. Who want to…
Negative sample
65.6
More dogs were killed early without laboratory diagnosis
Incidences
0.4 0.3
1.5 1.6 1.8
1.4
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
août‐11 sept‐11 oct‐11 nov‐11 déc‐11 janv‐12
Incide
nce hum
an dog
bite iniurie
s / 100
000
habitants /
mon
th)
0.4 0.7
1.1
1.6 1.6 1.8
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
août‐11 sept‐11 oct‐11 nov‐11 Dec‐11 janv‐12
Incide
nce rabid do
gs
on basis of clinical
diagno
sis/10 000
chiens
PE
PE
Exposure/ riskSuspected
dog Positive
+ Negative
‐ Total OR p
Die 6 (54.54%)
5 (45.45%)
11 3.84 (084‐17.84) 0.089
Slaughter 5 (23.80%)
16 (76.19%)
21 0.26 (0.06-1.19) Diff. Not significati
ve
Total 11 21 32
Dog died during observation have 3.84 times risk to be + to DFA Dogs slaughtered during observation have 0.26 times risk to be + to DFA It’s a risk although less to manipulate and eat rabid dog
Results case control study Proportional piling arith mean all households investigate After each SSI sensitize people: attitude towards dog, after dog bite, dog vaccination, …
>1 dog stray dog
Case households 81% (47.9‐96.9) 72% (38.7‐92.3)
Control households 91% (57.2‐99.5) 72% (38.7‐92.3)
Dogs Poultry species ( bird) Animal reared (%)
60 40
Quantity rank 2e 1er
Conclusion
Rabies is endemic in Lomé Commune Public health problem DFA test is assimilated by prospective study Other risk factors were clarify par stakeholders, Consolidate rabies data (human/dog) Improve participatory tools for survey to clarify situation mainly for fatal diseases
RecommendationsDecision makers Support rabies diagnosis in Lomé(equipments, reagents/ fluorescent microscope or training dRIT /CDC)
Private veterinary office Sensitize people who refer suspected dogs Made complete quarantine 15 days Surveillance network Approve unique system rabies data management (human/dog)
Train staff about notification using participatory tools National veterinary office Support or promote investigation, with PE tools
Acknowledgements
C. Jost
ROAEP,
Merci pour votre aimable attention