Classic AntiquityClassic Antiquity

Taking Notes www.pedagogmob.comwww.pedagogmob.com

Time Period *

Key theoristsMajor shifts/contextWho is in power?Who is a threat to

power?

Always ask:

Purpose of punishment?

Punishment & needs of the time?

Assumptions about punishment?

But what do I have to know?

Let the slides guide where you should focus in the readings…

Slides do not replace readings…

Dates?

Classic Antiquity...

City States: Polis● Greece● Sparta/Athens

SupracontextSupracontext

Nostalgic recollections about ‘rationality’

The Birthplace of Democracy

Lottery Slaves & women

Rationalism: Everything and everyone has its proper place and function (virtue)

Purpose of Law (p. 45) Perfection in virtue Essential freedom Political Community

The Sophists: The Sophists: 469 - 399 BCE469 - 399 BCE

Sophists: Taught the art of rhetoric (elite)

Law is created by Man (relativism) not a natural order

Good: what people in a polis define as good

Attempt at Secularism

Socrates & PlatoSocrates: free

Justice truth & virtue chit chat…. (university)

Challenged Sophists but offered no doctrine of virtue

399 BCE: Trial of Socrates

CourtsCourts TrialsTrials Dikasts Dikasts 

Formal and ritualizedFormal and ritualized Avoid concentrated Avoid concentrated

authorityauthority

AdversarialAdversarial system system Character was Character was

importantimportant Hierarchy of CitizensHierarchy of Citizens

“…“…corrupting the youth corrupting the youth and impiety ”and impiety ”

Plato’s State Doctrine…the elite eclipse everyone

because of their wisdom, the masses should y means of self-control, simply rein in their own unreasonable instincts.

…governing power belongs exclusively to the reasonable elite.

…The everyday physical work is performed by the unwise masses. (p.46)

Rejection of DemocracyRejection of Democracy

Function of the Polis:1.Government2.Maintain order3.Productive labour

(virtue)

Three classes ordered by virtue :

courage & intelligence philosophers natural

rulers

Plato’s State Doctrine

You can skip You can skip p.56-65p.56-65

Aristotle & Ontology

Student of Plato’s Academy

Became a scholar

“Why are things ordered as they are?”

Teological - a natural capacity in objects

Aristotle’s EthicsPhilosophers: Purpose of

Law Highest Good

(“happiness”) Duty to ‘essential nature’

Distributive Justice Equality in Inequality

Corrective Justice Contractual fairness

Democracy that Excludes… Democracy that Excludes…

Roman Stoics: ApathyAlexander the GreatAuthoritarian rule

Seneca: One should not desire

things outside your control

Do not mourn your poverty, control what you can….

Do not resist…

Cicero – however: apolitical is unsustainable

Cicero: Natural Law1. Do not disturb the

order of a community2. Contribute

generously to the Polis through:

1. Benevolence2. Generosity3. Goodness4. Justice

Good of the People Good of the People always trumps always trumps supporting tyranny, supporting tyranny, for example…for example…

Thursday Start into The Middle

Ages

Quiz (20 minutes)