17458691 Nursing Theorists

8/3/2019 17458691 Nursing Theorists

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/17458691-nursing-theorists 1/20



•Defined NURSING “the act of utilizing the

environment of the patient to assist him in his

recovery”.

• 5 environmental factors

-Fresh air

-Pure water

-Efficient drainage

-Sanitation/cleanliness

-Light and direct sunlight

•Considered a clean, well-ventilated, quiet

environment essential for recovery.

•Deficiencies in these 5 factors produce illness

or lack of health, but with a nurturing

environment, the body could repair itself.



•Defined Nursing: “The act of assisting others in the

provision and management of self-care to

maintain/improve human functioning at home level

of effectiveness.”

•Focuses on activities that adult individuals perform

on their own behalf to maintain life, health and well-

being.

•Has a strong health promotion and maintenance

focus.



• 3 related concepts1. Self care- activities an Individual performs independently throughout life

to promote and maintain personal well-being.2. Self-care deficit – results when self-care agency (Individual’s ability) is

not adequate to meet the known self-care needs.

3. Nursing System – nursing interventions needed when Individual isunable to perform the necessary self-care activities:

a) Wholly compensatory- nurse provides entire self-care for the client.Example: care of a new born, care of client recovering from surgery in a post-

anesthesia care unitb) Partial compensatory – nurse and client perform care, client can perform

selected self-care activities, but also accepts care done by the nurse forneeds the client cannot meet independently.

Example: Nurse can assist post operative client to ambulate, Nurse can bring ameal tray for client who can feed himself

c) Supportive-educative – nurse’s actions are to help the clientdevelop/learn their own self-care abilities through knowledge, supportand encouragement.

• Example: Nurse guides a mother how to breastfeed her baby,Counseling a psychiatric client on more adaptive copingstrategies.



• Defined Nursing: “Assisting the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or it’s recovery (or to peaceful death) that an individual would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge”.

• Identified 14 basic needs :

1. Breathing normally

2. Eating and drinking adequately

3. Eliminating body wastes4. Moving and maintaining desirable position

5. Sleeping and resting

6. Selecting suitable clothes

7. Maintaining body temperature within normal range

8. Keeping the body clean and well-groomed

9. Avoiding dangers in the environment

10. Communicating with others

11. Worshipping according to one’s faith 12. Working in such a way that one feels a sense of

accomplishment

13. Playing/participating in various forms of recreation

14. Learning, discovering or satisfying the curiositythat leads to normal development and health andusing available health facilities.



•Nursing is a learned humanistic and scientific profession

and discipline which is focused on human care

phenomena and activities in order to assist, support,

facilitate, or enable individuals or groups to maintain or

regain their well being (or health) in culturally meaningful

and beneficial ways, or to help people face handicaps ordeath.

•Transcultural nursing as a learned subfield or branch of

nursing which focuses upon the comparative study and

analysis of cultures with respect to nursing and health-

illness caring practices, beliefs and values with the goal to

provide meaningful and efficacious nursing care servicesto people according to their cultural values and health-

illness context.

•Focuses on the fact that different cultures have different

caring behaviors and different health and illness values,

beliefs, and patterns of behaviors. Awareness of the

differences allows the nurse to design culture-specificnursing interventions.



•Viewed humans as Biopsychosocial beings

constantly interacting with a changing

environment and who cope with their

environment through Biopsychosocial adaptation

mechanisms.•Focuses on the ability of Individuals., families,

groups, communities, or societies to adapt to

change.

•The degree of internal or external environmental

change and the person’s ability to cope with that

change is likely to determine the person’s healthstatus.

•Nursing interventions are aimed at promoting

physiologic, psychologic, and social functioning or

adaptation.



•Nursing is an art and science that is humanistic and

humanitarian. It is directed toward the unitary human

and is concerned with the nature and direction of

human development. The goal of nurses is to participate

in the process of change..

•Nursing interventions seek to promote harmonious

interaction between persons and their environment,

strengthen the wholeness of the Individual and redirecthuman and environmental patterns or organization to

achieve maximum health.



•

5 basic assumptions: 1. The human being is a unified whole, possessingindividual integrity and manifesting characteristics thatare more than and different from the sum of parts.

2. The individual and the environment are continuouslyexchanging matter and energy with each other

3. The life processes of human beings evolve irreversiblyand unidirectionally along a space-time continuum

4. Patterns identify human being and reflect theirinnovative wholeness

5. The individual is characterized by the capacity for

abstraction and imagery, language and thought,sensation and emotion



•Defined Nursing: “An interpersonal

process of therapeutic interactions

between an Individual who is sick or

in need of health services and a

nurse especially educated to

recognize, respond to the need for

help.

•Nursing is a “maturing force and aneducative instrument”



Identified 4 phases of the Nurse – Patient relationship:

A. Orientation – individual/family has a “felt need” and seeks professionalassistance from a nurse (who is a stranger). This is the problemidentification phase.

B. Identification – where the patient begins to have feelings of belongingness and a capacity for dealing with the problem, creating anoptimistic attitude from which inner strength ensues. Here happens theselection of appropriate professional assistance.

C. Exploitation – the nurse uses communication tools to offer services tothe patient, who is expected to take advantage of all services.D. Resolution – where patient’s needs have already been met by the

collaborative efforts between the patient and the nurse. Therapeuticrelationship is terminated and the links are dissolved, as patient driftsaway from identifying with the nurse as the helping person.



•Nursing is participation in care, core

and cure aspects of patient care,

where CARE is the sole function of

nurses, whereas the CORE and CURE

are shared with other members of the

health team.

•The major purpose of care is to

achieve an interpersonal relationshipwith the individual that will facilitate

the development of the core.



Each individual has

patterned, purposeful,

repetitive ways of acting thatcomprises a behavioral

system specific to that

individual.



• Nursing is broadly groupedinto 21 problem areas toguide care and promote theuse of nursing judgement.

• Nursing is a comprehensiveservice that is based on theart and science and aims tohelp people, sick or well,cope with their health

needs.



1. To maintain good hygiene.

2. To promote optimal activity; exercise, rest and sleep.

3. To promote safety.

4. To maintain good body mechanics

5. To facilitate the maintenance of a supply of oxygen

6. To facilitate maintenance of nutrition

7. To facilitate maintenance of elimination

8. To facilitate the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance

9. To recognize the physiologic response of the body to disease conditions

10. To facilitate the maintenance of regulatory mechanisms and functions

11. To facilitate the maintenance of sensory functions

12. To identify and accept positive and negative expressions, feelings and reactions

13. To identify and accept the interrelatedness of emotions and illness.

14. To facilitate the maintenance of effective verbal and non-verbal communication15. To promote the development of productive interpersonal relationship

16. To facilitate progress toward achievement of personal spiritual goals

17. To create and maintain a therapeutic environment

18. To facilitate awareness of self as an individual with varying needs.

19. To accept the optimum possible goals

20. To use community resources as an aid in resolving problems arising from illness.21. To understand the role of social problems as influencing factors



Nursing is a process of action, reaction, and

interaction whereby nurse and client share

information about their perception in the nursingsituation



•Nursing is concerned with promotion health,

preventing illness, caring for the sick, and restoring

health.

•Nursing is a human science of persons and human

health-illness experiences that are mediated by

professional, personal, scientific, esthetic and ethical

human care transactions

• She defined caring as a nurturant way or responding

to a valued client towards whom the nurse feels apersonal sense of commitment and responsibility. It is

only demonstrated interpersonally that results in the

satisfaction of certain human needs. Caring accepts

the person as what he/she may become in a caring

environment



1. The promotion of a humanistic-altruistic system of values2. Instillation of faith-hope3. The cultivation of sensitivity to one’s self and others 4. The development and acceptance of the expression of

positive and negative feelings.

5. The systemic use of the scientific problem-solvingmethod for decision making6. The promotion of interpersonal teaching-learning7. The provision for supportive, protective and corrective

mental, physical, socio-cultural and spiritualenvironment

8. Assistance with the gratification of human needs9. The allowance for existential phenomenological forces



Nursing is a scientific discipline,

the practice of which is aperforming art



1. Human becoming is freely choosing personalmeaning in situation in the intersubjectiveprocess of relating value priorities

2. Human becoming is co-creating rhythmic

patterns or relating in mutual process in theuniverse

3. Human becoming is co-transcendingmultidimensionally with emerging

possibilities.

17458691 Nursing Theorists

Documents

Transcript of 17458691 Nursing Theorists