Class AgendaExcelFormulas & FunctionsLogical StatementsCharts (Graphs)

Worksheet # 5

Introduction to FormulasStarting a FormulaAlways begin a formula with the equal (=) sign.

Arithmetic Operators+ addition/ division- subtraction% percent* multiplication^ exponent

Introduction to FormulasOrder of Calculations1) percentages; 2) exponents; 3) multiplication & division; 4) addition & subtraction.Calculations inside parentheses ( ) will always be performed first.

Cell ReferencesUse cell references (e.g. A1) in the formula instead of actual data so that your calculation is automatically updated when you change a number used in the formula.

Introduction to FormulasErrors in Formulas#####Appears when a column is not wide enough to display the result of a calculation.

#DIV/0!Occurs when trying to divide a number by zero in a formula. Blank cells are considered to contain a value of zero.

#NAME?Indicates the formula contains a cell reference that is not recognized by Excel.

#REF!Indicates that the formula refers to an invalid cell.

Introduction to FormulasErrors in Formulas (continued)

#VALUE!Indicates that the formula refers to a cell with data that cannot be used in a calculation (e.g. non-numerical data).

#N/A Formula is referring to a value that is not available.

#NULL!Formula is referring to an intersection of cells that do not intersect. May occur if there is a space between two cell references instead of a colon or comma.

Introduction to Functions

Always begin a function with the equal sign.

Excel uses the data enclosed in the parentheses ( ) to calculate a function.

To specify individual cells: use commas to separate the cell references.=SUM(A1,A2,A3)

To specify a group of cells: use a colon in between the first and last cell reference.=SUM(A1:A3)

Entering FormulasEnter a FormulaType in formula bar with = to begin formulaTo edit a formula, click on cell that contains formula you want to edit

Entering Functions

Enter a FunctionButton or insert/function & follow instructions

Entering FunctionsCommon Statistical Functions: COUNT MAX MIN AVERAGE MODE MEDIAN STDEV

Entering FunctionsCommon Math & Trig FunctionsPOWER PRODUCT ROUND SQRT

Adding NumbersUsing the Sum ButtonDrop down menu also included Ave, Count, Max, Min Can quickly sum using bottom panel

If Statements:Click on the Paste Function button.Select the Logical category.Select If.Enter the logical statement (e.g. A1

Copying a Formula or FunctionRelative Reference CopyingA type of cell reference used to indicate a relative position in the worksheet. It allows you to copy and move formulas from one area to another of the same dimensions.Excel automatically changes the column and row numbers to reflect the new position. IN SHORT - The cell references change when you copy the formula. Standard copying with no adjustments to the formula.

Copying a Formula or FunctionAbsolute Reference CopyingA cell reference that contains a dollar sign before the column letter and/or row to indicate the absolute, or fixed, contents of specific cells.For example, the formula $A$1+$B$1 calculates only the sum of these specific cells no matter where the formula is copied in the workbook.IN SHORT- The cell references do not change when you copy the formula. Requires the use of $ in the formula prior to copying.

Creating a Chart

Chart TypesXY ScatterConnect the DotsLinear regression LineColumn

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Creating a Chart (continued)Chart Options (follow chart wizard and use category tabs to customize chart)

TitlesChart Title.X Axis Value.Y Axis Value. Axes Show/hide values on the X axis. Show/hide values on the Y axis.

Creating a Chart (continued)Chart Options

Gridlines Major and Minor Legend Show/hide legend. Placement of legend. Data Labels Show/hide values or labels.

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Editing a Chart

Double-click on the section of the graph you want to edit (e.g. chart title).

OR

Select the chart (left-click) and click the chart wizard button to edit the original options.

Editing a Chart (continued)Using the Toolbar

Click on the arrow on the Chart Type button to change the chart type.

Click the Legend button to turn the legend off and on.

Use the Angle Text buttons to angle the selected text upward or downward.

Editing a Chart (continued)

Common Editing Tasks:Changing the font details.Adding borders.Adding patterns and backgrounds.Creating fill effects.Changing the alignment.Altering the scales.

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Chart Basics

Deleting/Moving/Resizing a Chart

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Formatting Worksheets

Short-cuts:

Change Cell Colour

Change Font Colour

Increase or Decrease Font Size

Formatting WorksheetsShort-Cuts:

Copy Formatting

AutoFormat

Formatting WorksheetsChange Column Width & Row Height

Change Appearance of Data (Subscript & Superscript)

Formatting WorksheetsFormat NumbersCurrencyPercentAdd Decimal PlaceRemove Decimal PlaceDateFractionScientific Notation

Formatting WorksheetsFormat NumbersCustom: Use #cm to add the unit cm to the end of any number that is typed in the cell(s) you are formatting. You may insert any unit or text in place of cm. See tips box for custom format instructions.

Formatting WorksheetsChange Alignment of DataSee the tips box for:Vertically centering text in cells.Wrapping text in a cell. Rotating data in a cell.

Printing WorksheetsChange MarginsChange Print Options (Show/Hide Gridlines)Add BordersFormat / cells

Printing WorksheetsAdd a Header or FooterPrint / Setup / Header & FooterChange text alignmentFormat cells / alignment