Claims and Evidence
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![Page 1: Claims and Evidence](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082710/56812cf7550346895d91c39c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CLAIMS AND EVIDENCEArguing in Science and Engineering
![Page 2: Claims and Evidence](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082710/56812cf7550346895d91c39c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Fair Coin Model Predictions
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
# Heads out of 10
% L
ikel
iho
od
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Why argue?• Scientists argue in order to reach agreement about explanations for observations
• Engineers argue in order to reach agreement about the best solution to a design problem
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What are going to argue about?• The explanation you construct to explain what you observe
• Your interpretation of the data you collected
•Why your design is “the best”
Where else do you have to argue based on evidence?
![Page 5: Claims and Evidence](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082710/56812cf7550346895d91c39c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What is a claim?• A claim is a conclusion that you reached after analyzing and interpreting your data
What claims could you make from our experiment?
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What counts as evidence?• Evidence is your interpretation of the data• It is not just the raw data itself
If the coin was “fair”, I would expect to see the average close to 50% and the distribution peaked there.
What I observe is…
which argues for/against…
Prediction from the model
Evidence from data
interpretationThe claim is
your conclusion