Cladograms. What does a cladogram show us? A cladogram shows evolutionary relationships between...
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Transcript of Cladograms. What does a cladogram show us? A cladogram shows evolutionary relationships between...
Cladograms
What does a cladogram show us?• A cladogram shows evolutionary relationships
between groups of living things. It is like a family tree for species.
How do you read a cladogram?• The closer two species are on the cladogram, the
more closely they are related. This means they evolved apart more recently.
• Sometimes a cladogram will list the characteristics that make two groups or organisms different.
Everything past this point has four walking legs!
How do you make a cladogram?
A. Make a table of some adaptations that the organisms share, and some that are unique. For example:
Cells Backbone Legs Hair Thumbs
Slug
Catfish
Frog
Tiger
Human
Let’s make a cladogram that includes slugs, catfish, frogs, tigers, and humans.
How do you make a cladogram?
A. Make a table of some adaptations that the organisms share, and some that are unique. For example:
Cells Backbone Legs Hair Thumbs
Slug X
Catfish X
Frog X
Tiger X
Human X
Let’s make a cladogram that includes slugs, catfish, frogs, tigers, and humans.
How do you make a cladogram?
A. Make a table of some adaptations that the organisms share, and some that are unique. For example:
Cells Backbone Legs Hair Thumbs
Slug X
Catfish X X
Frog X X
Tiger X X
Human X X
Let’s make a cladogram that includes slugs, catfish, frogs, tigers, and humans.
How do you make a cladogram?
A. Make a table of some adaptations that the organisms share, and some that are unique. For example:
Cells Backbone Legs Hair Thumbs
Slug X
Catfish X X
Frog X X X
Tiger X X X
Human X X X
Let’s make a cladogram that includes slugs, catfish, frogs, tigers, and humans.
How do you make a cladogram?
A. Make a table of some adaptations that the organisms share, and some that are unique. For example:
Cells Backbone Legs Hair Thumbs
Slug X
Catfish X X
Frog X X X
Tiger X X X X
Human X X X X
Let’s make a cladogram that includes slugs, catfish, frogs, tigers, and humans.
How do you make a cladogram?
A. Make a table of some adaptations that the organisms share, and some that are unique. For example:
Cells Backbone Legs Hair Thumbs
Slug X
Catfish X X
Frog X X X
Tiger X X X X
Human X X X X X
Let’s make a cladogram that includes slugs, catfish, frogs, tigers, and humans.
How do you make a cladogram?
A. Make a table of some adaptations that the organisms share, and some that are unique. For example:
Cells Backbone Legs Hair Thumbs
Slug X
Catfish X X
Frog X X X
Tiger X X X X
Human X X X X X
Let’s make a cladogram that includes slugs, catfish, frogs, tigers, and humans.
How do you make a cladogram?
B. Then create a Venn diagram, placing the animals in groups to illustrate those characteristics which different animals have in common.
Cells: Slug, Catfish, Frog, Tiger and Human
How do you make a cladogram?
B. Then create a Venn diagram, placing the animals in groups to illustrate those characteristics which different animals have in common.
Cells: Slug, Catfish, Frog, Tiger and Human
Backbone: Catfish, Frog, Tiger and Human
How do you make a cladogram?
B. Then create a Venn diagram, placing the animals in groups to illustrate those characteristics which different animals have in common.
Cells: Slug, Catfish, Frog, Tiger and Human
Backbone: Catfish, Frog, Tiger and Human
Legs: Frog, Tiger and Human
How do you make a cladogram?
B. Then create a Venn diagram, placing the animals in groups to illustrate those characteristics which different animals have in common.
Cells: Slug, Catfish, Frog, Tiger and Human
Backbone: Catfish, Frog, Tiger and Human
Legs: Frog, Tiger and Human
Hair: Tiger and Human
How do you make a cladogram?
B. Then create a Venn diagram, placing the animals in groups to illustrate those characteristics which different animals have in common.
Cells: Slug, Catfish, Frog, Tiger and Human
Backbone: Catfish, Frog, Tiger and Human
Legs: Frog, Tiger and Human
Hair: Tiger and Human
Thumbs: Human
How do you make a cladogram?C. Draw your cladogram. It is assumed that organisms
with more of the traits evolved later, so they go at the top or on the right. Less evolved organisms go at the bottom or left side of the cladogram.
How do you make a cladogram?C. Draw your cladogram. It is assumed that organisms
with more of the traits evolved later, so they go at the top or on the right. Less evolved organisms go at the bottom or left side of the cladogram.
SLUGS
CATFISH
FROGS
TIGERHUMANS
How do you make a cladogram?C. Draw your cladogram. It is assumed that organisms
with more of the traits evolved later, so they go at the top or on the right. Less evolved organisms go at the bottom or left side of the cladogram.
SLUGS
CATFISH
FROGS
TIGERHUMANS
How do you make a cladogram?
D. Then add in when the different traits most likely evolved.
SLUGS
CATFISH
FROGS
TIGERHUMANS
CELLS
How do you make a cladogram?
D. Then add in when the different traits most likely evolved.
SLUGS
CATFISH
FROGS
TIGERHUMANS
CELLS
BACKBONE
How do you make a cladogram?
D. Then add in when the different traits most likely evolved.
SLUGS
CATFISH
FROGS
TIGERHUMANS
CELLS
BACKBONE
LEGS
How do you make a cladogram?
D. Then add in when the different traits most likely evolved.
SLUGS
CATFISH
FROGS
TIGERHUMANS
CELLS
BACKBONE
LEGS
HAIR
How do you make a cladogram?
D. Then add in when the different traits most likely evolved.
SLUGS
CATFISH
FROGS
TIGERHUMANS
CELLS
BACKBONE
LEGS
HAIR
THUMBS
How do you make a cladogram?
D. Then add in when the different traits most likely evolved.
SLUGS
CATFISH
FROGS
TIGERHUMANS
CELLS
BACKBONE
LEGS
HAIR
THUMBS