Cladograms = a diagram that we use to show phylogenies

A phylogeny = evolutionary history

Cladograms:-show relationships between organisms-are assembled using evidences of evolution-can be changed with new data

Example 1

After which animal did protection from the elements arise?

Direction of timeBranch points indicate a common ancestor

Example 2

What does all life stem from according to this picture?

Example 3

How do you build a cladogram?

Step 1: Create a table listing all the characteristics of the organisms

Hair Bipedal(walks on two legs)

Tail Foot flexibility

Written Language

Human

Ape

Mouse

Monkey

Step 2: put an X in the boxes that have the trait (for each organism)

Hair Bipedal Tail Foot Flexibility

Written Language

Human X X x X

Ape X X X

Mouse X X

Monkey X X X X

Step 3: count up the Xs. The more Xs the older the trait.

Hair Bipedal Tail Foot Flexibility

Written Language

Human X X x X

Ape X X X

Mouse X X

Monkey X X X XTotal 4 3 2 3 1

Step 4: Draw a diagonal line to represent time. Each point will represent a common

ancestor. Each branch is a new species. Traits are written on the main line.

hair

Mouse

Step 5: Continue until the cladogram is complete

hair

Mouse

bipedal

Monkey

Tail

Ape

Written language

Human

You try…

Characteristic Sponge Jellyfish Flatworm Earthworm

Cells with flagella X X X X

Body Symmetry X X X

Bilateral Symmetry X X

Segmented body X