CKM OVERVIEW · A more ambitious strategy: UTfit coll., hep-ph/0506xxx Only possible thanks to the...
Transcript of CKM OVERVIEW · A more ambitious strategy: UTfit coll., hep-ph/0506xxx Only possible thanks to the...
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Luca Silvestrini Page 1BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
CKM OVERVIEW
Motivation Standard Fit in the Standard ModelNew Constraints and New PhysicsCKM fits beyond the Standard ModelConclusions
Luca SilvestriniTU-München & INFN Rome
Member of the Collaboration:M. Bona, M. Ciuchini, E. Franco, V. Lubicz, G. Martinelli, F. Parodi,
M. Pierini, P. Roudeau, C. Schiavi, L. S., A. Stocchi, V. Vagnonihttp://www.utfit.org
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Luca Silvestrini Page 2BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
MOTIVATION
The SM works beautifully up to a few hundred GeV's, but it must be an effective theory valid up to a scale Λ Mplanck:
EW scale NP contribution to g-2, bs, etc
NP contribution to EW precision, FCNC processes, CPV, etc.
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Luca Silvestrini Page 3BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
How can we explore NP with processes involving only SM particles? EW gauge symmetry spontaneously broken
tree-level relations between EW observables (masses, couplings, ...)
quantum corrections computable and sensitive to higher-dim operators
The LEP glorious legacy of precision EW fits: Λ > 2-10 TeV!! No tree-level FCNC (GIM mechanism) quantum
corrections computable and sensitive to higher-dim operators
the UT in the B-factory era: Λ > 4-6 TeV!!
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Luca Silvestrini Page 4BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
The CP violation mechanism of the SM is very peculiar
CP symmetry is explicitly broken by the Yukawa couplings
CP is not an approximate symmetry of the model. CP violation is suppressed by mixing angles, but there are O(1) effects
A single source of CP violation in the weak interactions of quarks (but leptons wait behind the corner with more sources)
Three-generations unitarity: CP violation from the measurementof CP conserving observables
All these features, if experimentally confirmed,provide strong constraints on New Physics
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5
B ππ, ρπ, ρρ...
+other charmonium
radiative decays Xsγ,Xdγ, Xsll
B DK
+from Penguins
theo. clean
The Unitarity Triangle:
Charm Physics(Dalitz)
?
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6
-0.0132.280εK (10-3)
-0.084.21mb (GeV)
0.090.040.79BK
4.62.433.0Vub (×10-4) (excl.)
-4.447.0Vub (×10-4) (incl.)
0.60.741.6Vcb (×10-3) (incl.)
2.141.4Vcb (×10-3) (excl.)
0.0370.726sin2β
0.060.041.24ξ
-38276 (MeV)
0.11.3mc (GeV)
4.3168.5mt (GeV)
sens.18.3 ps-1 95% CL> 14.5 ps-1 95%CL∆ms (ps-1)
0.0060.502∆md (ps-1)
0.0140.2258λ
Error(Flat)Error(Gaussian)ValueParameter
^
ssBBf B
The Standard UTfit STD FIT
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Luca Silvestrini Page 7BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
/1−2/222=∣V ub /V cb∣ circle (0,0)
CM Bs f Bs
2 −2 A26[1−22]=M Bdcircle (1,0)
C BK 6[1−A24 C ttC tcC cc]=K hyperbola
M Bd
M Bs
−22[1−22]=M Bd
M Bs
disc (1,0)
21−1−22 =sin 2 ACP
t J /K S 4×angle
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Luca Silvestrini Page 8BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
Progress of the UT analysis
End of parameter determination era, begin of precision test era: redundant determination of the triangle with new measurements from B-factories and test of new physics
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Luca Silvestrini Page 9BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
and
=0.190±0.044=0.349±0.024
[0.100, 0.271]@95% prob.
[0.303, 0.396]@95% prob.
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Luca Silvestrini Page 10BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
Testing the Standard Model: CPC vs CPV
sin 2sides=0.732±0.044sin 2ind =0.729±0.042sin 2dir =0.725±0.037
sin 2=0.728±0.028
Spectacular agreementbetween direct andindirect measurements
“sides only”
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Luca Silvestrini Page 11BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
Bs−Bs mass difference
not usingthe limiton ms
ms = 20.4 ± 2.8 ps-1
ms = 18.6 ± 1.7 ps1
using thelimit on
ms
ms > 31(38) ps1 is new physics @3(5) First NP signal from hadron colliders?
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Luca Silvestrini Page 12BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
see http://www.utfit.org*see http://www.utfit.org*
Many other results of the SM standard analysis
*just updated!
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Luca Silvestrini Page 13BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
BEYOND THE STANDARD UTfit: NEW INGREDIENTS TO THE
UT ANALYSIS & NEW PHYSICS
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Luca Silvestrini Page 14BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
α from ρρ/ρπ and SU(2) flavour symmetryParametrization of the ρρ (ππ) amplitudes (neglecting EWP)
A−=−T e−iP eiP
A0=− 1
2e−i TT c eiC
A00=A0− 1
2A−
6 unknowns: T, Tc, P, δP, δC, α 6 observables: 3xBRave, C+-, S+-, C00
Gronau, London, PRL65 (1990) 3381
+ time-dependent Dalitz plot study of (ρπ)0 à la Snyder-QuinnSnyder, Quinn, PRD48 (1993) 2139
(106 ± 8)o U (170 ± 9)o
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Luca Silvestrini Page 15BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
cos2cos2ββ from from AACPCP(B (B →→ J/J/ψψ K*(K K*(KSS))))
Lik
elih
ood
using the priorcos2β≤ 1
cos2β > 0@87% prob.
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Luca Silvestrini Page 16BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
γγ fromfrom B B →→ DD(*)(*)KK
no penguins four different flavours many modes
XCPES=Ks π, Ks ρ, Ks π+ π-, ... XCPNES=K+ π-, K+* π−, ... K+* K-, π+ ρ-, ...
Charged B: CP violation in the decay⇒ γ
Neutral B: CP violation in the interference between mixing and decay ⇒ sin(2β+γ)
+ GGSZ: Dalitz plot analysis of D0→ 3-body modes, ex. Ksπ
+π−
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Luca Silvestrini Page 17BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
(64.0±18.2)o U (-116.0±18.2)o
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Luca Silvestrini Page 18BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
and : angles only
=0.246±0.063=0.325±0.030
[0.123, 0.384]@95% prob.
[0.265, 0.388]@95% prob.
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Luca Silvestrini Page 19BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
and : all together
0.210 ± 0.035ρ0.339 ± 0.021η
58.1 ± 5.0γ[°]
-0.29 ± 0.17sin(2α)
0.726 ± 0.028sin(2β)
__
ρ
η
_
_
Excellent agreement with CKMfitter group:
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Luca Silvestrini Page 20BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
(1) 3-generations unitarity(2) no new physics in tree-level processes
New physics in the UT analysisAssumptions:
ρ = 0.21 0.10
η = 0.36 0.06
sin2β = 0.7240.074 0.5560.089
α = (9515)o U (4315)o
Any model of new physics mustsatisfy these constraints
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Luca Silvestrini Page 21BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
1. Add most general NP to all sectors2. Use all available info 3. Constrain simultaneously and NP contributions
A more ambitious strategy:
UTfit coll., hep-ph/0506xxx
Only possible thanks to the new measurements of CKM angles!!!
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Luca Silvestrini Page 22BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
General parametrization of the mixing amplitudesBq−Bq mixing: ABq
=C q e2 iq ABq
SM
K−K mixing: Im AK=C Im AKSM
Exploiting the redundancy of the fit, we look for boundson 3 additional real parameters: C , {C d , d }
(3) assume NP in B=1 decays is SU(2) invariant Use: sin 2cos 2and
Laplace, Ligeti, Nir & Perez
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Luca Silvestrini Page 23BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
Using:md, sin 2
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Luca Silvestrini Page 24BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
Using:md, sin 2
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Luca Silvestrini Page 25BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
Using:md, sin 2ASL
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Luca Silvestrini Page 26BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
Using:md, sin 2cos 2
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Luca Silvestrini Page 27BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
Using:md, sin 2
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Luca Silvestrini Page 28BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
Using:md, sin 2cos 2ASL
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Luca Silvestrini Page 29BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
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Luca Silvestrini Page 30BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
New Physics in B=2 and S=2 can be up to ~50% of the SM only if NP has the same phase of the SM, otherwise it has to be at most ~ 10%.This is a completely general result.This is a completely general result.Only two ways out: Minimal Flavour Violation ornew CP violation only in b s transitions.
The most important message of this talk:
CBd = 1.29 ± 0.47 Bd = 0.1 ± 3.2 C = 1.07 ± 0.26
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Luca Silvestrini Page 31BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
The Universal Unitarity Triangle(4) Minimal Flavour Violation: all FV in the Yukawa couplings
Buras et al., hep-ph/0007085
UUT determined by processesinsensitive to NP contributions:
no εK
∆Md/∆Ms only
valid in any MFV model
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Luca Silvestrini Page 32BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
UUT starting point for MFV studies of rare decays
Results of a model-independent MFV analysis of rare K & B decaysC. Bobeth et al., hep-ph/0505110
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Luca Silvestrini Page 33BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
MFV: an effective theory approachD'Ambrosio et al., hep-ph/0207036
classification of the dim-6 operators built with the SM fields and 1 or 2 Higgs doublets under the assumption that the flavour violation dynamics is determined by ordinary Yukawa couplings
1H: Universal NP effect in the ∆F=2 Inami-lim function of the top
S 0 x t S 0 x tS 0 , ∣S 0∣=O 4 02
2 , 0~2.4 TeV
We can bound the NP scale Λ:Λ > 6.0 TeV @95% prob. for positive δS0
Λ > 4.6 TeV @95% prob. for negative δS0
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Luca Silvestrini Page 34BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
δS0δS0δS0K
Λ > 3.6 TeV @95% prob. for δS0 > 0Λ > 4.6 TeV @95% prob. for δS0 < 0
δS0B
2H + large tanβ: terms proportional to the bottom Yukawa coupling are enhanced and cannot be neglected any more
S 0B≠ S 0
K
Λ > 5.0 TeV @95% prob. for δS0 > 0Λ > 4.3 TeV @95% prob. for δS0 < 0
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Luca Silvestrini Page 35BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
Where does NP hide?
NP in s → d and/or b → d transitions is– strongly constrained by the UT fit – “unnecessary”, given the great success
and consistency of the fit
NP in b → s transitions is– much less (un-) constrained by the UT fit– natural in many flavour models, given the
strong breaking of family SU(3)Pomarol, Tommasini; Barbieri, Dvali, Hall; Barbieri, Hall; Barbieri, Hall, Romanino;Berezhiani, Rossi; Masiero, Piai, Romanino Silvestrini; …
– hinted at by ν’s in SUSY-GUTsBaek, Goto, Okada, Okumura; Moroi; Akama, Kiyo, Komine, Moroi; Chang, Masiero,Murayama; Hisano, Shimizu; Goto, Okada, Shimizu, Shindou, Tanaka; …
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Luca Silvestrini Page 36BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
The last resort: NP in b s modesObs. #1:These modes should notbe averaged in the SMThey measure the sameS=S(ccK) only if oneamplitude is dominantObs. #2:These modes should notbe averaged beyond SMThey do not get in generalthe same NP contribution
THESE MODES SHOULDNOT BE AVERAGED
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Luca Silvestrini Page 37BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
Conclusions
The SM is (surprisingly enough) extremely successful in reproducing all available data
Thanks to the recent progress, NP in B=2 and S=2 transitions is strongly constrained, testing scales above the TeV
Hadron colliders will tell us whether SM, MFV or New Flavour & CPV in b s ...
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Luca Silvestrini Page 38BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
BACKUP SLIDES
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Luca Silvestrini Page 39BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
Ciuchini et al., hep-ph/0104026Buras, Silvestrini, hep-ph/9812392For example,
with the charming penguins parametrization:
S=0.75 0.06S=0.77 0.04
A(B0 → φ Κ0) = - Vts Vtb* × P1
'(c) - Vus Vub* × {P1
' GIM(u-c)}
A(B0 → Κ0 π0) = - Vts Vtb* × P1(c) - Vus Vub
* × {E2+P1GIM(u-c)}
small deviations from SccK (model-dependent)
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Luca Silvestrini Page 40BEAUTY 2005 - ASSISI
B fB
fB = 0.20 ± 0.10 GeV from UTfitfB = 0.192 ± 0.026 ± 0.009 GeV Lattice QCD
B not competitive yet
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b c
νl
Vcb
b
slsl
BrFclb τν)( =→Γ −
f(µ2π , mb, , mc αs , ρD(or 1/mb
3)) mb (λ1 Fermi movement)( also named Λ) µ2
π
cbV2
Based on OPE
Γsl = (0.434 × (1 ± 0.018)) 10-10 MeVVcb - Inclusive Method
=
2%
Moments of distributionsHADRONIC mass,
LEPTON Momentum , Photon energy b s γ
Mb,kin(1GeV) = 4.59 ± 0.08 ± 0.01GeVmc,kin. (1GeV) = 1.13 ± 0.13 ± 0.03GeVµπ
2 = 0.31 ± 0.07 ± 0.02GeV2
ρD2 = 0.05 ± 0.04 ± 0.01GeV2
terms 1/mb3 (under control?)/small !
4.23(mb(mb))
Vcb(inclusive)= ( 41.4 ± 0.6 ± 0.7(theo.) ) 10-3
Exp + (µ2π , mb,, ρD ….absorbed !)
Pert. QCD. αs , terms 1/mb4
hep-ph/0210027 C.Bauer,Z.Ligeti,M.Luke,A.Manohar
hep-ph/0210319, M.Battaglia et al. (P.Gambino,N.Uraltsev)
hep-ph/0302262 D. Benson,I.Bigi,T.Mannel,N.Uralstev
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dΓdw
¿GF
2
48 π 2∣V cb∣
2 ∣F w ∣2 G w
Based on HQET
At zero recoil (w=1), as MQ F(1) 1∞
Vcb-Exclusive Method
Vcb(exclusive)= ( 41.5± 1.0 ± 1.8 ) 10-3
F(1) ~ 0.91 ± 0.04
F(1
) |V
cb
ρ2
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Vub Inclusive methods B Xu l+ ν
Vub = ( 4.7 ± 0.44) 10-3
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Exclusive methods B (π,ρ,ω) l ν
…
Error : dominated by form factor errors as F(1) in Vcb
Vub = ( 3.30 ± 0.24 ± 0.46) 10-3
Common to all analyses
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Oscillations in B0d system : ∆md
d, s b
d,sbt,c,u
W−
W+B0
d,s t,c,u
Vts Vtd
))1(( 22222 ηρλ +−
∝ ∆
cbBB
d
VBf
m
dd
2222 λ tdcbBB VVBf dd
∝
PBq
0 Bq0 Bq
0 ¿ 1
2e−t / τq1±cos Δmq t
∆md = 0.502 ± 0.006 ps-1
LEP/SLD/CDF/B-factories
( today dominated by Belle-BaBar )
Precise measurement (1.2%)
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∆ms > 14.4 ps-1 at 95% CL
Sensitivity at 19.3 ps-1
LEP/SLD/CDF-I
Oscillations in B0s system : ∆ms
2222cbBBtdBBs VBfVBf m
ssss∝ ∝∆
Δmd
Δms
¿f Bd
2 BBd
f Bs
2 BBs
λ2 1−ρ 2η2
1/ξ2
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ξ
1.02±0.02
1201.18 4 , 1.00 0.03s s
d d
B B
B B
f B
f B+−= ± = ±
^
^1.24 0.04 0.06ss
dd
BB
BB
f B
fB
ξ = = ± ±
Calculation partially unquenched (Nf=2 or 2+1) in agreement
Chiral extrapolation : light quarks simulated typically in a range [ms/2 - ms ]
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( 208 27 , 1.67 0.23)d dB BSum Rules f MeV B− = ± = ±
(syst not correlated ~mb)
0202 03 2 7 , 1 .3 4 0 .1 2d dB Bf M e V B
+−= ± = ±
^
223 33 12ddBBf B MeV= ± ±
Calculation partially unquenched
(Nf=2 or 2+1) in agreement
1.09±0.06
^
ddBBf B
^
( 2 ) 0 .6 3 0 .04 0.8 6 0 . 0 6KKB G e V B= ± → = ±
1.05±0.15 unquenching factor
1.05±0.05 SU(3) effects factor
^
0.86 0.06 0.14KB = ± ±
^
KB
0.09±
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CP violation comes from interference between decays with and without mixing
0,/
0 0
0 0
sin 2
( ( ) ) ( ( ) )( )
( ( ) ) ( ( ) )
cos( ) sin( )
~ sin( )S LJ K
CP
CP CP
CP CPphys physf
CP CPphys phys
f d f d
d
B t f B t fa t
B t f B t f
C m t S m t
m tψ
βη−
Γ → −Γ →=
Γ → +Γ →= ∆ + ∆
∆
sin 2 0.729 0.037β = ±
sin 2β
B0
B0
f CP
mixing
decay
A f CP
A f CP
decay
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B−
VubAdecayVcbA
b
u
B−
u
u K−
cs
WD
0
Vub = |Vub | e-iγ
0 ( )( ) BiB BA B D K A r e δ γ− −→ = −
( )0( ) BiB BA B D K A r e δ γ+ +→ = +
b
u
B−
c
u
u
s
D0
K−
Vcb
W λ
0( ) BA B D K A− −→ =0
( ) BA B D K A+ +→ =
0
0
( )
( )B
A B D Kr
A B D K
− −
− −
→=→1 2Bδ δ δ= −
BA
strong phase difference betweenVub and Vcb mediated transitions
strong amplitude (the same forVub and Vcb mediated transitions
r B is a crucial parameter. It drives the sensitivity on γ
angle γ
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0 0
0 0 2
( ) ( ) 2 sin sin
( ) ( ) 1 2 cos cosCP CP B B
CP
CP CP B B B
B D K B D K rA
B D K B D K r r
γ δγ δ
+ + − −± ±
± + + − −± ±
Γ → − Γ → ±= =Γ → + Γ → + ±
0 02
0 0
( ) ( )1 2 cos cos
( ) ( )CP CP
CP B B B
B D K B D KR r r
B D K B D Kγ δ
+ + − −± ±
± + + − −
Γ → + Γ →= = + ±Γ → + Γ →
2 2( ( ) ) ( ( ) )2 cos cos( )
( ( ) ) ( ( ) )D D
ADS B DCS B DCS B D
D D
B K K B K KR r r r r
B K K B K K
π π γ δ δπ π
+ − + + − + − −
+ + − + − − + −
Γ → − Γ →= = + + +Γ → + Γ →
0
0
( )( )DCS
BR D Kr
BR D Kππ
− +
+ −
→≡→
GLW (Gronau,London,Wyler) Method
ADS (Atwood, Dunietz, Soni) Method (only Babar)
(3.62 ± 0.29)10-3
angle γ
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522 ( )sM K π +
2 ( )sM K π −
Ks ρ(π+π-) CP-GLW method
K*+ (892)(Κs π+) π-) ADS method
Dalitz Method - GGSZ
D0 KS π+ π−
new technique which makes use of the D0 three-body decays
K*+ (1430)
Interference due to the overlap of large resonances from Cabibbo allowed Vcb and Vub transitions
Plot of the weights(second derivative wrt γ)
BaBar
angle γ
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rDK = 0.10 ± 0.04 ([0.03,0.17] @95% CL) rD*K = 0.09 ± 0.04 ([0.01, 0.18] @95% CL)
= 64.0 ± 18.2 ([30.1,99.8] @ 95% CL) = -116.0 ± 18.2 ([-149.7,-80.4] @ 95% CL)
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sin2 with SU(2) analysis
Starting from the SU(2) amplitudes:
A+- = -Te-i + PeiP
A+0 = -1/2 e-i (T + TC eiC)
A00 = -1/2 (TC eiC e-i + PeiP)
Gronau-London, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 3381–3384 (1990)
unknowns: T, P, TC, P, TC,
observables: 3x BR, C+-, S+-, C00
even if the system is not closed yet we start to have relevant information
angle α
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Experimental situation for the decays mode
experimental inputs: HFAG
BaBar result(ρπ)0
1.00 (assumed)- - - fL(00)
0.54 ± 0.41- 0.54 ± 0.411.51 ± 0.282.32 ± 0.531.17 ± 0.34BR(00) (10-6)
0.975 ± 0.045- 0.975 ± 0.045- - - fL(+0)
26.4 ± 6.4 31.7 ± 9.8 22.5 ± 8.15.5 ± 0.65.0 ± 1.35.8 ± 0.7BR(+0) (10-6)
30.0 ± 6.0 - 30.0 ± 6.04.6 ± 0.4 4.4 ± 0.74.7 ± 0.6BR(+-) (10-6)
-0.33 ± 0.24- -0.33 ± 0.24-0.50 ± 0.12-0.67 ± 0.17-0.30 ± 0.17S
-0.03 ± 0.20- -0.03 ± 0.20-0.37 ± 0.10-0.56 ± 0.13-0.09 ± 0.16C
AverageBelleBaBarAverageBelleBaBar
ρρππObservable
angle α
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angle α
= (106 ± 8) o U (170 ± 9)o