CJ © 2011 Cengage Learning Chapter 5 Law Enforcement Today.

CJ

© 2011 Cengage Learning

Chapter 5Chapter 5

Law Enforcement Law Enforcement TodayToday


Learning Outcomes

LO1: List the four basic responsibilities of the police.

LO2: List five main types of law enforcement agencies.

LO3: Indicate some of the most important law enforcement agencies under the control of the Department of Homeland Security.

LO4: Analyze the importance of private secutiry today.

LO5: Indicate why patrol officers are allowed discretionary powers.

1LO


List the four basic responsibilities of the

police.


Learning Objective 1

The basic responsibilities of police include:

• To enforce laws• To provide services• To prevent crime• To preserve the peace

2LO


List five main types of law enforcement

agencies.


Learning Objective 2There are more than 17,500 law enforcement agencies in the US, employing more than 1 million people.

• 12,766 local police departments• 3,067 sheriff’s departments• 1,481 special police agencies• 49 state police departments• 70 federal agencies



Municipal Law Enforcement:• Most police officers work in small and

medium-sized police departments. • Municipal police agencies have the

broadest authority to apprehend criminal suspects, maintain order, and provide services to the community.

• Local offices are responsible for a wide spectrum of duties.


Learning Objective 2Sheriffs and County Law

Enforcement:– Elected by community for two- or

four-year terms. – Responsible for:

• Investigating violent crime• Investigating drug offenses• Maintaining the county jail• Serving evictions and court summonses• Keeping order in the courthouse• Collecting taxes• Enforcing orders of the court, such as

sequestration of a jury



The County Coroner– Investigates “all sudden,

unexplained, unnatural, or suspicious deaths.”


Learning Objective 2State Police and Highway Patrols:

– Historically, state police agencies were created for four reasons:• To assist local police agencies• To investigate criminal activities that

crossed jurisdictional boundaries• To provide law enforcement in rural and

other areas that did not have local or county police agencies

• To break strikes and control labor movements


Learning Objective 2State Police:

– 23 agencies– Statewide

jurisdiction– Wide variety of law

enforcement tasks

Highway Patrols:

• 26 agencies• Patrol state and federal

highways• Jurisdiction limited to

traffic laws and investigation of traffic accidents



Federal law enforcement agencies:– Small percentage of Nation’s law

enforcement force in numbers, but have substantial influence

– Authorized to enforce specific laws or attend to specific situations

– The most far-reaching reorganization of the federal government since World War II took place in 2002 and 2003, with the creation of the Department of Homeland Security

3LO


Indicate some of the most important law

enforcement agencies under the control of the

Department of Homeland Security.


Learning Outcome 3

Department of Homeland Security• U.S. Customs and Border Protection

– Polices the flow of goods and people across U.S. borders.

• U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement– Investigates and enforces immigration and

customs laws. • U.S. Secret Service

– Combats counterfeiting and protects political figures.


Learning Outcome 3

Department of Justice• Federal Bureau of Investigation

– One of the primary investigative federal agencies.

– Has jurisdiction over nearly 200 federal crimes.

• Drug Enforcement Agency– Enforces domestic drug laws and

regulations.


CAREERPREPFederal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Agent

Job Descript ion:• Primary role is to oversee intelligence and investigate federal crimes.

Agents might track the movement of stolen goods across state lines, examine accounting and business records, listen to legal wiretaps, and conduct undercover investigations.

• Special agent careers are divided into five paths: intelligence, counterintelligence, counterterrorism, criminal, and cyber crime.

What Kind of Training Is Required ?• A bachelor’s and/or master’s degree, plus three years of work experience,

along with a written and oral examination, medical and physical examinations, a psychological assessment, and an exhaustive background investigation.

• Critical skills required in one or more of the following areas: accounting, finance, computer science/information technology, engineering, foreign language(s), law, law enforcement, intelligence, military, and/or physical sciences.

Annual Salary Range?$61,100–$69,900

For additional information, visit: www.fbijobs.gov.


Learning Outcome 3

Department of Justice• Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearmsn,

and Explosives– Primarily concerned with the illegal sale,

possession, and use of firearms, and control of untaxed tobacco and liquor.

• U.S. Marshals Service– Provide security at courts, transport federal

prisoners, and capture fugitives.


CAREERPREPU.S. Marshal

Job Descript ion:• Provide security at federal courts, control property that has been

ordered seized by federal courts, and protect government witnesses who put themselves in danger by testifying against the targets of federal criminal investigations.

• Transport federal prisoners to detention institutions and hunt and capture fugitives from federal law.

What Kind of Training Is Required ? • A bachelor’s degree or three years of qualifying experience, which

includes work in law enforcement, correctional supervision, and volunteer teaching or counseling.

• A rigorous seventeen-and-a-half-week basic training program at the U.S Marshals Service Training Academy in Glynco, Georgia.

Annual Salary Range?$37,000–$47,000

For additional information, visit: www.usmarshals.gov/careers/index.html.

4LO


Analyze the importance of private security today.


Learning Outcome 4• Over $100 billion spent each year • Over 10,000 U.S. private security firms • 1.1 million people employed in security

each year


Learning Outcome 4

Private Security• Citizen’s Arrest

– Any private citizen can perform a citizen’s arrest in certain circumstances.

• Deterrence – Private security is intended to deter

crime, not prevent it.


Learning Outcome 4Trends in Private Security • Lack of standards • Quality of employees• Continued growth driven by:

– Increased public fear– Workplace crime– Police force reductions– Rising awareness of cost-effectiveness of

private security

5LO


Indicate why patrol officers are allowed

discretionary powers.



Patrol Officers have the greatest amount of discretionary power within the police agency.

The courts have determined that patrol officers are in a unique position to be allowed discretion:



• Police offices are considered trustworthy and are therefore assumed to make honest decisions, regardless of contradictory testimony.

• Experience and training give offices the ability to determine whether certain activities pose a threat to society, and to take reasonable action necessary to investigate or prevent such activity.



• Due to the nature of their jobs, police officers are extremely knowledgeable in human, and by extension, criminal behavior.

• Police officers may find themselves in danger of personal or physical harm and must be allowed to take reasonable and necessary steps to protect themselves.



Three factors of police discretion:1. The nature of the criminal act. 2. Attitude of the wrongdoer.

3. Departmental policy.

CJ © 2011 Cengage Learning Chapter 5 Law Enforcement Today.

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