CIVIL WARUSI. 9 a-f

LESSON 1

Issues that Divided the Nation

USI.9a

SOL OBJECTIVEUSI.9a: Describe the cultural, economic, and constitutional issues that divided the nation.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION(S):What causes a society to become so fragmented to the point where civil war is seen as the only solution?

What do I need to know?Cultural, economic, and political differences may divide nations and lead to civil war.

HOOKHave students brainstorm what they already know about the differences between the North and South. Have them predict which side believed in each issue that ultimately divided the nation

Issues the divided the nation1. SLAVERYThe issues related to slavery increasingly divided the nation and led to the Civil War.

Issues that divided the nation

2. CulturalNorth: Urban society in which people held jobs.People believed it was morally wrong to have slaves.

SouthAgricultural society in which people lived in small villages and on farms and plantations.Southerners felt that abolition of slavery would destroy their regions economy.

Issues that divided the nation

EconomicNorth:Industrial (steel, iron, machinery, cloth, merchants, craftsman)People favored tariffs that protected factories from foreign competition.

South:Agricultural (plantation style farming; relied on slave labor; King Cotton)Opposed tariffs that would cause prices of manufactured goods to increase.

Issues that divided the nation4. Political/Constitution: NorthWanted a strong federal government (federal governments power was supreme over that of states).

South:Southerners believed in states rights (states had the power to declare any national law illegal).

WRITE TO LEARNIn what ways were the conflicts between the North and south similar to a rivalry between brothers and sisters?

LESSON 2:

STATES RIGHTS AND SLAVERY

SOLUSI.9b:Explaining how the issues of states rights and slavery increased sectional tensions.

Essential QuestionWhat causes a society to become fragmented to the point where civil war is seen as the only solution?

What I Need to KnowCultural, economic, and political differences may divide nations and lead to civil war.

HOOKAsk students why people felt so strongly about the issue of slavery.

Are there any issues that divided the nation today?

States Rights and Slavery

The South feared the North would take control of Congress.

States Rights and Slavery

Southerners began to proclaim states rights as a means of self-protection.

States Rights and Slavery

The North believed that the nation was a union and could not be divided.

States Rights and Slavery

While the Civil War did not begin as a war to abolish slavery, issues surrounding slavery deeply divided the nation.

States Rights and SlaveryAn important issue separating the country related to the power of the Federal government.

States Rights and Slavery

Southerners believed that they had the power to declare any national law illegal.

States Rights and Slavery

Northerners believed that the national governments power was supreme over that of the states.

States Rights and Slavery

Southerners felt that the abolition of slavery would destroy their regions economy.

States Rights and Slavery

Northerners believed that slavery should be abolished for moral reasons.

Division and Compromise:Trying to keep the nation together USI.9b

1) Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise (1820): Missouri entered the Union as slave state; Maine entered the Union as a free state.

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Compromise of 1850California entered the Union as a free state. Southwest territories would decide about slavery.

Kansas-Nebraska ActPeople in each state would decide the slavery issue (popular sovereignty).

Kansas-Nebraska Act:

Even though they tried to compromise, they could not get past all of the issues dividing the nation.Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, in South Carolina, marking the beginning of the Civil War.

Southern Secession1. Following Lincolns election, the Southern states seceded from the Union.2. Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, South Carolina, marking the beginning of the Civil War.

Southern Secession3. Lincoln and many Northerners believed that the United States was one nation that could not be divided or separated.

Southern Secession 4. Most Southerners believed that states had freely created and joined the union and could freely leave it.

WRITE TO LEARNCompare and contrast the Missouri Compromise to the Compromise of 1850

Ready!Set!Go!

The North was mainly an ________ society in which people held jobs.

The South was primarily an _________ society.

The _______ was a manufacturing region.

The North favored _________ to protect factory owners and workers from foreign competition.

Southerners _____ tariffs that would cause manufactured goods to increase.

A major conflict was _________ versus strong central government.

_________ believed that they had the power to declare any national law illegal.

Northerners believed that the _____________ power was supreme over that of the states.

Southerners felt that the _____ of slavery would destroy their regions economy.

_____ believed that slavery should be abolished for moral reasons.

What compromise said that Missouri was a slave state and Maine was a free state?

The Compromise of 1850 allowed California to be a free state and the _________ would decide about slavery.

People were able to decided the slavery issue by which act?

What is popular sovereignty?

After whos election did the South secede from the Union?

The first fort that the South attacked was _____.

______ believed that the United States could not be separated or divided.

Most ____ believed that states had freely created and joined the union and could freely leave it.

LESSON 3STATES THAT SECEDED FROM THE UNIONUSI.9c

SOL ObjectiveSOL USI.9c: Identify on a map the states that seceded from the Union and those that remained in the Union.

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONWhat causes a society to become fragmented to the point where civil war is seen as the only solution?

What do I need to know?Cultural, economic, and political differences may divide nations and lead to civil war.

HOOKIn what ways is a civil war different from any other kind of war? Why might a civil war be the most tragic kind of war?

The Nation DividesWhat is a Union?

What is a Union?A combination so formed, especially an alliance or confederation of people, parties, or political entities for mutual interest or benefit.The United States is a Union of states.

Look up the states

4 states became border statesDelawareKentuckyMarylandMissouriDKMMColor the Border States Green

Free and Slave states before the Civil War

States that SecededSouthern states that were dependent upon labor-intensive cash crops seceded from the Union.

Confederate States of America

Bonnie Blue Flag

FLAGMANSTerrificTV

FLAG MANS Terrific TVFloridaLouisianaAlabamaGeorgiaMississippiArkansasNorth CarolinaSouth Carolina (First)

TennesseeTexasVirginia

Color the CSA RED

Flag of the Confederate States"FINAL EDITION" The Third Confederate National Flag

West VirginiaWestern counties of VirginiaRefused to secede from the UnionColor West Virginia Yellow

What is left?States that remained in the UnionColor the Union States Blue

CaliforniaIllinoisIowaMaineMichiganNew Hampshire

New YorkOregonRhode IslandConnecticutIndianaKansasMassachusetts

MinnesotaNew JerseyOhioPennsylvaniaVermontWisconsin

The states that are not named were not states when the Civil War began.

WRITE TO LEARNWere the southern states right to secede?Why or Why not?

What have we learned?Slave StatesStates that secededBorder statesStates that were not part of the USStates that stayed in the Union

Quiz on Seceding StatesReadySetGO!

1. The first state to secede was ______

_____ states that were dependent upon labor-intensive cash crops seceded from the Union.

Northernmost slave states that stayed in the Union were called ______.

Virginia was a free state.

5. California was a slave state.

Name a border state.

7. What state was formed when its western counties refused to secede from the Union.

Important People of the Civil War

LESSONS 4 AND 5

ROLES OF CIVIL WAR LEADERSUSI.9d

SOL OBJECTIVEUSI.9d: describing the roles of Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Ulysses S. Grant, Robert E. Lee, Thomas Stonewall Jackson, and Frederick Douglass in events leading to and during the war.

Leaders of the Civil War Essential Question: How do the ideas and actions of people effect events of wartime?

WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW?Battles and leaders greatly impact political and military events during wartime.

HOOKThe Civil War was a long and bloody conflict that tore the nation apart. The war divided families. To understand the war, you must examine it from varying perspectives.

TITLES: The War Between the States The Second American RevolutionThe Second War for Independence The War Against Slavery The Brothers War The War of Northern Aggression

How does each title define what the North and South were fighting for? Which side would use each title? Why?

Who are considered leaders of the Civil War?Abraham LincolnElected in 1860Was president of the United StatesIssued the Emancipation ProclamationWas determined to preserve the union even by forceBelieved the US was one nation (not a collection of individual states)Wrote the Gettysburg Address that said the Civil War was to preserve a government of the people, by the people, and for the people

Who are considered leaders of the Civil War?Robert E. LeeLeader of the Army of Northern VirginiaOffered the command of the Union forces at the beginning of the war but chose not to fight against VirginiaOpposed secession, but did not believe the union should be held together by forceUrged Southerners to accept defeat at the end of the war and reunite as Americans when some wanted to continue fighting.

Other Civil War LeadersLincoln and His GeneralsUlysses S. Grant: General of the Union Army that defeated Robert E. Lee and the Confederate Army.

Frederick Douglass: a former enslaved African American who escaped to the North and became an abolitionist.

Other Civil War LeadersPicture of CSA LeadersJefferson DavisWas president of the Confederate States of America

Thomas Stonewall JacksonWas a skilled Confederate general from Virginia

WRITE TO LEARNTake two (2) of the leaders and write a short description of each.

Quick QuizReadySetGO!

I am the President of the United States.

I was the president of the Confederate States of America.

I was the general of the Union army.

I was the leader of the Army of Northern Virginia.

I was a skilled Confederate general from Virginia.

I was a former slave who escaped to the North and became an abolitionist.

I believed that the Union must be preserve by force if necessary.

I was opposed to secession, but did not believe the union should be held by force.

LESSON 6MAJOR EVENTS AND BATTLES OF THE CIVIL WAR

SOL OBJECTIVEUSI.9e: demonstrate knowledge of the major events and battles of the Civil War.

Essential QuestionHow large a role does location and topography (geography) play in the events and outcomes of war?

What do I Need to Know?Location and topography influence the events and outcomes of war.

HOOKWhat is the difference between offensive strategy and defensive strategy? (THINK about a sports strategies)

What role does geography play in planning offensive and defense strategies in war?

Civil War Facts1/2 million people were killed or wounded in the Civil War60 % of the fighting took place in VirginiaPicture Credit: volusia.com/civilwar/

NorthSouth23 States11 StatesUnionConfederateYankeeRebelBlue CoatsGrey CoatsUSACSAArmy of the Potomac RiverVirginia

Federal

Election of 18601860Abraham Lincoln carried the North and thus won election (more Northerners voters)Southern states start seceding.

Firing of Fort Sumter April 11-13, 1861Union fort in South Carolina.Important fort that guarded Charleston.Confederate victory.

Fort Sumter

The First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run)1861VirginiaFirst major battle of warShowed both sides that their soldiers needed trainingAlso showed that war would be long and bloodyConfederate victory

The First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) The first major battle

The First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run)

Emancipation ProclamationFreed slaves in Southern statesChange the purpose of the war: Union troops were fighting to end slavery as well as to save the Union.

The signing of the Emancipation Proclamation Made freeing the slaves the new focus of the war.Many freed slaves joined the Union army.

The signing of the Emancipation Proclamation

Battle of Gettysburg1863PennsylvaniaTurning point in the warNorth repelled Lees invasion50,000 died or wounded

The Battle of Gettysburg The turning point of the warThe North repelled Lees invasion.

Battle of Gettysburg

Gettysburg Address1863Given at a ceremony to dedicate a cemetery to the memory of those soldiers who died in the battle.Nation was founded on the belief that all men are created equal.And that government of the people, by the people, for the people

Battle of Vicksburg1863MississippiDivided the SouthThe North controlled the Mississippi River

The Battle of Vicksburg Divided the SouthGave the North control of the Mississippi River.

The Battle of Vicksburg

Battle of Vicksburg

Appomattox Court House1865VirginiaUnion surrounds Lees troopsLee surrendersCivil War is Over!!!

Appomattox Court House

Lees surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court House In1865 Ended the war.

USI.9eInfluence of location and topography on critical developments in the war You will use maps to explain critical developments in the war, including major battles.

The Union blockade of southern ports (e.g., Savannah, Charleston, New Orleans)

Control of the Mississippi River (e.g., Vicksburg)

Effects of Location and Topography

Control of the high ground (Gettysburg)

Battle locations influenced by the struggle to capture capital cities (e.g., Richmond; Washington, D.C.)In the East, beginning in the spring of 1861, the cry from Union headquarters was "On to Richmond!"

WRITE TO LEARNHow much impact did geography (location and topography) have on events of the Civil War and its conclusion? Give specific examples.

Quick QuizGood Luck!

This battle started the Civil War.

The first major battle of the Civil War was at ______.

3. Whose election caused the South to secede from the Union?

This battle was fought in Maryland and there was no clear winner.

This event made freeing the slaves the new focus of the war.

This battle was the turning point of the war.

This event honored the memory of the soldiers killed at Gettysburg.

This battle divided the South.

This campaign showed the Norths new focus of total war.

This battle lasted nine months and caused Richmond to fall.

This battle is where Lee surrendered to Grant.

LESSONS 7 AND 8GENERAL EFFECTS OF THE CIVIL WAR

USI.9f

SOL ObjectiveSOL USI.9f: describe the effects of war from the perspectives of Union and Confederate soldiers (including black soldiers), women, and slaves.

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONHow does war change the lives of soldiers, the lives of civilians, and society?

What I Need to Know?Life on the battlefield and on the homefront was extremely harsh.Many died from disease and exposure.War changes the lives of people.Civil war can tear apart families, damage societal institutions, and break apart nations.

HOOKWhat concerns do you think African Americans might have had during the Civil War? Would concerns have been different depending on whether they lived in the North or South?

General effects of the War

Families and friends were often pitted against one another.

Southern troops became increasingly younger and more poorly equipped and clothed.DAVID E. JOHNSTON, 16 YEARS OLD

Much of the South was devastated at the end of the war (e.g., burning of Atlanta and Richmond).

Disease was a major killer

Combat was brutal and often man-to-man.

Clara Barton, a Civil War nurse, created the American Red Cross.

General Effects cont.Women were left to run businesses in the North and farms and plantations in the South.

The collapse of the Confederacy made Confederate money worthless.

Effects of the war on African AmericansAfrican Americans fought in both the Confederate and Union armies.The Confederacy often used enslaved African Americans as naval crew members and soldiers.

Effects of African Americans cont.The Union moved to enlist African Americans sailors early in the war.African Americans soldiers were paid less than white soldiers.

Effects on African Americans cont.African American soldiers were discriminated against and served in segregated units under the command of white officers.

Robert SmallsA sailor and later a Union naval captain.Highly honored feats of bravery and heroism.Congressman after the Civil War.

WRITE TO LEARNDo you think the U.S. could ever experience another civil war? What might be the likely causes of such a war?

Effects of the WarReadySetGO!

True or False. Families and friends were often pitted against one another.

True or False Much of the North was devastated at the end of the war.

Who was left to run the factories in the North and the farms and plantations in the South?

True or False Combat was brutal and often man-to-man.

True or False African Americans could not serve in the armies of the North and South.

True or False African Americans soldiers were often discriminated against.

True or False African Americans could command a troop.