Civil War part three
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CHAPTER 4 PART THREE THE CIVIL WAR 1861-1865
Transcript of Civil War part three
CHAPTER 4 PART THREETHE CIVIL WAR
1861-1865
CHAPTER 4 PART THREETHE CIVIL WAR
1861-1865
Battle of Antietam CreekBattle of Antietam Creek
• Bloodiest one day action of entire war, over 25,000 casualties
• Lee forced to withdraw from Maryland to Virginia
• Bloodiest one day action of entire war, over 25,000 casualties
• Lee forced to withdraw from Maryland to Virginia
Battle of Antietam Creek,Sharpsburg Viginia 17 Sept, 1862
Battle of Antietam Creek,Sharpsburg Viginia 17 Sept, 1862
• General Lee was intent on invading the North.
• General McClellan was given a copy of Lee’s plans and moved to intercept him.
• General Lee was intent on invading the North.
• General McClellan was given a copy of Lee’s plans and moved to intercept him.
President Lincoln announced his preliminary Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862.
President Lincoln announced his preliminary Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862.
Promised freedom to all slaves withinthe territories still in rebellion on1 January 1863
Promised freedom to all slaves withinthe territories still in rebellion on1 January 1863
Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation
Many liberated slaves joined Union forces.Many liberated slaves joined Union forces.
The Thirteenth AmendmentThe Thirteenth Amendment
Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntaryservitude, except as a punishment forcrime whereof the party shall have beenduly convicted, shall exist within theUnited States, or any place subject totheir jurisdiction.
Section 2. Congress shall have powerto enforce this article by appropriatelegislation.
Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntaryservitude, except as a punishment forcrime whereof the party shall have beenduly convicted, shall exist within theUnited States, or any place subject totheir jurisdiction.
Section 2. Congress shall have powerto enforce this article by appropriatelegislation.
The Thirteenth AmendmentThe Thirteenth Amendment
• Passed by Congress in 1865
• Ended slavery in the United States
• Passed by Congress in 1865
• Ended slavery in the United States
New OrleansNew Orleans
VicksburgVicksburg
Water depth and lack of Army/Navy coordination contributed to the failureof the Union to take Vicksburg in 1862.
Water depth and lack of Army/Navy coordination contributed to the failureof the Union to take Vicksburg in 1862.
Rear Admiral
David Porter
Rear Admiral
David Porter
General Ulysses
Grant
General Ulysses
Grant
General William Sherman
General William Sherman
Porter worked out a scheme withGenerals Grant and Sherman toput a pincers movement againstVicksburg.
Porter worked out a scheme withGenerals Grant and Sherman toput a pincers movement againstVicksburg.
PorterPorter GrantGrant ShermanSherman
After three failed attempts by the Unionto take Vicksburg, Grant settled in for a siege of the city.
After three failed attempts by the Unionto take Vicksburg, Grant settled in for a siege of the city.
• For 40 days and nights, Porter’s mortar boats rained destruction on Vicksburg.
• On 4 July 1863, 31,000 Confederate troops surrendered.
• For 40 days and nights, Porter’s mortar boats rained destruction on Vicksburg.
• On 4 July 1863, 31,000 Confederate troops surrendered.
A cannon very short in proportionto its bore, for firing shells at highangles
A cannon very short in proportionto its bore, for firing shells at highangles
MortarMortar
Four days later Port Hudson surrendered, and the Mississippi River was under Union control.
Four days later Port Hudson surrendered, and the Mississippi River was under Union control.
Battles Leading to GettysburgBattles Leading to Gettysburg
Chancellorsville, VAChancellorsville, VA
Fredricksburg, VAFredricksburg, VA
Po
tom
ac River
Po
tom
ac River
General Robert E.
Lee
General Robert E.
Lee
General JosephHooker
General JosephHooker
General Stonewall Jackson
General Stonewall Jackson
Lee took on the Armyof the Potomac atChancellorsville, VA,and won.
But he lost his mosttalented generalofficer, “StonewallJackson,” who waskilled by his own menas he returned froma reconnaissancemission.
Lee took on the Armyof the Potomac atChancellorsville, VA,and won.
But he lost his mosttalented generalofficer, “StonewallJackson,” who waskilled by his own menas he returned froma reconnaissancemission.Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee
Lee’
s A
rmy
Adv
ance
s
Lee’
s A
rmy
Adv
ance
s
• The battle at Gettysburg was the bloodiest and most decisive battle of the war.
• The battle at Gettysburg was the bloodiest and most decisive battle of the war.
General George Meade
General George Meade
Confederate and Union forces were probing for weaknesses in each other’s lines.Confederate and Union forces were probing for weaknesses in each other’s lines.
Cemetery RidgeCemetery Ridge
CONFEDERATECONFEDERATE LINE
LINE
NN
After a 2-hour artillery barrage:After a 2-hour artillery barrage:
• Pickett led a 15,000-strong Confederate charge at Cemetery Ridge.
• Some managed to reach the Union lines but were killed or thrown back.
• Pickett led a 15,000-strong Confederate charge at Cemetery Ridge.
• Some managed to reach the Union lines but were killed or thrown back.
GeneralGeorge Pickett
GeneralGeorge Pickett
A heavy barrier of artillery (cannon)fire to protect one’s own advancing or retreating troops or to stop the advance of enemy troops
A heavy barrier of artillery (cannon)fire to protect one’s own advancing or retreating troops or to stop the advance of enemy troops
Artillery BarrageArtillery Barrage
• After Pickett’s failed charge, General Lee was forced to begin his retreat back to Virginia, leaving over 20,000 casualties on the fields of Gettysburg.
• After Pickett’s failed charge, General Lee was forced to begin his retreat back to Virginia, leaving over 20,000 casualties on the fields of Gettysburg.
GeneralRobert E. Lee
GeneralRobert E. Lee
Lee’s task was to keep his army intact until a settlement could be reached with the Union.
Lee’s task was to keep his army intact until a settlement could be reached with the Union.
Major Southern PortsMajor Southern Ports
New OrleansNew Orleans
The main ship channel to Charlestonwent directly past Fort Sumter.The main ship channel to Charlestonwent directly past Fort Sumter.
Fort SumterFort Sumter
Confederate engineers who designed Fort Sumter’s defensesConfederate engineers who designed Fort Sumter’s defenses
General Beauregard
General Beauregard
General Ripley
General Ripley
42 Pounder42 Pounder 100 Pounder Parrott100 Pounder Parrott
200 Pounder Parrott200 Pounder Parrott 10-inch Seacoast Mortar10-inch Seacoast Mortar
Fort Sumterused many gabions tofortify itsintegrity against theenemy.
Fort Sumterused many gabions tofortify itsintegrity against theenemy.
GabionGabion
Cylinder of wickerwork filled with earth, used as a military defenseCylinder of wickerwork filled with earth, used as a military defense
GabionGabion
Many of the surrounding waters ofFort Sumter were mined.Many of the surrounding waters ofFort Sumter were mined.
Many cannons and artillery shellswere in the interior of Fort Sumter.Many cannons and artillery shellswere in the interior of Fort Sumter.
Artillery ShellsArtillery Shells100 Pounder Parrott100 Pounder Parrott
Picket fences helped protect thewalls.Picket fences helped protect thewalls.
Picket fences helped protect thewalls of Fort Sumter from theenemy scaling the walls.
Picket fences helped protect thewalls of Fort Sumter from theenemy scaling the walls.
The high, thick walls of Fort Sumterwere hard to climb or penetrate.The high, thick walls of Fort Sumterwere hard to climb or penetrate.
• Both sides had ironclad building programs.
• Admiral Dupont led a 9-ironclad Union attack.
• Both sides had ironclad building programs.
• Admiral Dupont led a 9-ironclad Union attack.
Admiral Samuel Dupont
Admiral Samuel Dupont
The USS Keokok was sunk after beingstruck over 90 times by Confederateshells.
The USS Keokok was sunk after beingstruck over 90 times by Confederateshells.
Dupont’s attack on Fort Sumter was ineffective, and he was relieved of command.
Dupont’s attack on Fort Sumter was ineffective, and he was relieved of command.
Admiral John Dahlgren
“Dupont’s Relief”
Admiral John Dahlgren
“Dupont’s Relief”
General Gillmore
“Corps of Engineers”
General Gillmore
“Corps of Engineers”
Charleston FallsCharleston Falls
Together, Dahlgren and Gillmoreplaced Charleston under siegeand forced its surrender.
Then they turned their guns on Ft.Sumter and reduced it to rubble.
But the Confederates refused tosurrender. Subsequent naval andamphibious assaults also failed.
Together, Dahlgren and Gillmoreplaced Charleston under siegeand forced its surrender.
Then they turned their guns on Ft.Sumter and reduced it to rubble.
But the Confederates refused tosurrender. Subsequent naval andamphibious assaults also failed.
H.L. HunleyH.L. Hunley
CSS DavidCSS David
Davids were designed to ramUnion vessels with a spar armedwith a charge of gunpowder. Theexplosive was then detonated byyanking a long cord.
Davids were designed to ramUnion vessels with a spar armedwith a charge of gunpowder. Theexplosive was then detonated byyanking a long cord.
The powerful Union ironclad NewIronsides was badly damaged bya David.
The powerful Union ironclad NewIronsides was badly damaged bya David.
H.L. HunleyH.L. Hunley
• The world’s first submarine warship
• Designed to pull a torpedo into the side of a ship
• The world’s first submarine warship
• Designed to pull a torpedo into the side of a ship
H.L. HunleyH.L. Hunley
Conning TowerConning Tower Leather BellowsLeather Bellows
Ballast TanksBallast Tanks
H.L. HunleyH.L. Hunley
• Powered by 8 or 9 men turning a crankshaft
• Powered by 8 or 9 men turning a crankshaft
H.L. HunleyH.L. Hunley
• Four crews drowned in sea trials.• Four crews drowned in sea trials.
• General Beauregard prohibited her from being submerged again.• General Beauregard prohibited her from being submerged again.
H.L. HunleyH.L. Hunley
The Hunley attacks the Housatonic.The Hunley attacks the Housatonic.
USS HousatonicUSS Housatonic
• The charge exploded before the Hunley could get away.
• The Housatonic sank in less than 5 minutes
• The Hunley and her fifth crew were also lost.
• The charge exploded before the Hunley could get away.
• The Housatonic sank in less than 5 minutes
• The Hunley and her fifth crew were also lost.
Lt. George DixonLt. George Dixon
Declaration of Paris of 1856 Declaration of Paris of 1856
Major European countries, exceptSpain, declared privateering illegal.Major European countries, exceptSpain, declared privateering illegal.
• Nearly 1,500 blockade runners saw service during the Civil War.
• It was a very profitable business, worth the risks involved.
• Nearly 1,500 blockade runners saw service during the Civil War.
• It was a very profitable business, worth the risks involved.
Effects of Blockade RunningEffects of Blockade Running
Besides, the odds of a blockade runnerbeing captured were only 1 in 4.Besides, the odds of a blockade runnerbeing captured were only 1 in 4.
BeforeBefore AfterAfter
SaltCoffee
SaltCoffee
$6.50/ton$249/ton$6.50/ton$249/ton
$1,700/ton$5,500/ton$1,700/ton$5,500/ton
Confederate commerce raiding by cruisers such as the CSS Alabama:Confederate commerce raiding by cruisers such as the CSS Alabama:
• Mostly foreign built with foreign crews and Southern officers
• Caused the decline of the Northern merchant marine
• Mostly foreign built with foreign crews and Southern officers
• Caused the decline of the Northern merchant marine
CSS ChickamaugaCSS Chickamauga
Cruiser’s purpose was to:
• Weaken the blockade
• Keep over 100 Union ships busy
Cruiser’s purpose was to:
• Weaken the blockade
• Keep over 100 Union ships busy
The most famousand successful ofthe Confederatecruiser skippers
The most famousand successful ofthe Confederatecruiser skippers
CaptainRaphael Semmes
CaptainRaphael Semmes
CSS SumterCSS Sumter
• Captured 17 Union ships before being cornered in Gibraltar
• Sold Sumter and made his way to England
• Captured 17 Union ships before being cornered in Gibraltar
• Sold Sumter and made his way to England
CAPT Raphael Semmes
CAPT Raphael Semmes
CSS AlabamaCSS Alabama
• Sailed to Portugal to pick up armament• Crewed by English and Irish volunteers• Raised the Confederate ensign
• Sailed to Portugal to pick up armament• Crewed by English and Irish volunteers• Raised the Confederate ensign
CSS AlabamaCSS Alabama
• Sank 20 ships in the North Atlantic
• Cruised the world’s oceans for 18 months sinking Union vessels
• Sank 20 ships in the North Atlantic
• Cruised the world’s oceans for 18 months sinking Union vessels
CSS Alabama’s Last BattleCSS Alabama’s Last Battle
CherbourgCherbourg
EnglandEngland
FranceFrance
Ho
llan
dH
olla
nd
USS KearsargeUSS Kearsarge
• French refused Semmes docking rights when the Kearsarge arrived off Cherbourg, France.
• Semmes challenged Winslow to a single-ship duel.
• French refused Semmes docking rights when the Kearsarge arrived off Cherbourg, France.
• Semmes challenged Winslow to a single-ship duel.
CAPT John Winslow
CAPT John Winslow
DeerhoundDeerhound
• Deerhound observed the action.
• Kearsarge was a faster vessel with better ammunition.
• Alabama began to sink.
• Deerhound observed the action.
• Kearsarge was a faster vessel with better ammunition.
• Alabama began to sink.
• Semmes tried to beach his ship.
• Deerhound picked up survivors and took them to England.
• Semmes tried to beach his ship.
• Deerhound picked up survivors and took them to England.
CSS AlabamaCSS Alabama USS KearsargeUSS Kearsarge
• Alabama had captured 71 Union ships.
• British government later had to pay 15.5 million dollars in claims.
• Alabama had captured 71 Union ships.
• British government later had to pay 15.5 million dollars in claims.
CSS AlabamaCSS Alabama
CSS ShenandoahCSS Shenandoah
• Wreaked havoc on Union whaling ships in the Aleutians
• All but destroyed the American whaling industry
• Wreaked havoc on Union whaling ships in the Aleutians
• All but destroyed the American whaling industry
ALASKAALASKA
Aleutian
Islands
END OF PART THREE
END OF PART THREE
