CIVIL WAR 1861-1865

Important People and Events

Presidents during the Civil War

Abe Lincoln Jefferson Davis

Generals during Civil War

Ulysses S. Grant Robert E. Lee

Women in Civil War

Clara Barton “Angel of the

Battlefield” Started Red Cross

in 1873

Lucy Davis: sewed new uniforms

Louisa Minor: helped at hospitals

Northern Southern

Union Generals v. Confederate Generals

William T. Sherman Philip T. Sheridan Adm. D.G. Farragut

Stonewall Jackson Jeb Stuart

Union Confederate

Weapons of the Civil War

Minie Ball

Gatling Gun 1st submarine to sink its target

Submarines in the Civil War

Confederates:Davids

Henley sunk USS Houstanoic in 1864

Union:Alligator

Ft. Sumter

April 12-13 1861

Bull Run (1st and 2nd)1861 and 1862

A.K.A Manassas McDowell v. Beauregard Forced Union back to D.C. “picnic battle”

Shiloh

Sherman, Grant, Don Carlos Buell

Sidney Johnston and P.T. Beauregard

13,000 Union Casualties

10,700 Confederate Casualties

Antietam

September 17th 1862 “turning pt. of war” Bloodiest day of the Civil War 23,000 soldiers killed, wounded or

missing in 12 hrs. Ended the Confederate advance into the

North

http://www.nps.gov/anti/historyculture/casualties.htm

2nd Bull Run or 2nd Manassas

Union flanked by Jackson & Lee

Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863)

"that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."

Limitations: only if Union won, did not include Confederate states under Union control

Promises: Liberated could become liberators 200,000 Black soldiers; each advance of federal troops = more freedom

Vicksburg (May 19 and 22, 1863)

Grant v. Pemberton Opened the Mississippi River to Union in

1863

Gettysburg (July 1-3 1863)

Cemetery Ridge, Little Round Top, Culp’s Hill

“The world will little note nor long remember what we say here…” (possibly the most famous speech in history)

George Meade vs. Lee Pickett’s Charge (Pettigrew-Trimble or

Longstreet) Confederates lost 50% Between 46,000-51,000 Americans killed

Atlanta (July 22nd 1864)

McPherson vs. John Bell Hood General William Hardee tried to flank the

Union Sherman sent in 20 artillery pieces Union: 3,641 Confederate: 8,500 Political Ramifications” McClellan was

running on a Peace platform but after the capture of Atlanta and Hood’s burning of many buildings after his retreat—fired up the Northerners

March to the Sea (May 1864)

Total Warfare Scorched earth “War is cruel. The crueler it is the sooner it will be

over”-William T. Sherman Destroyed 450 miles and cost 100 million in damage Stole slaves and used them for manual labor Stole pigs. Chickens, and turkeys Burned acres of farms “Sherman’s Neckties”: broke apart and twisted railways

beyond repair John Bell Hood and hood’s Texas Brigade: tried to distract

in TN Fought with one leg, and one usable arm, tied to his horse

Prison Camps

Andersonville: 45,000 Union prisoners; 13,000 died

Camp Douglas: 18,000 Confederate prisoners; 6,000 died

Deprived of blankets, adequate food, surrounded in filth

Ate dogs, rats

Appomattox (April 9th 1865)

In accordance with the substance of my letter to you of the 8th inst., I propose to receive the surrender of the Army of N. Va. on the following terms, to wit:

Rolls of all the officers and men to be made in duplicate. The officers to give their individual paroles not to take

up arms against the Government of the United States until properly exchanged, and each company or regimental commander sign a like parole for the men of their commands.

The arms, artillery and public property to be parked and stacked, and turned over to the officer appointed by me to receive them. This will not embrace the side-arms of the officers, nor their private horses or baggage.

This done, each officer and man will be allowed to return to their homes, not to be disturbed by United States authority so long as they observe their paroles and the laws in force where they may reside.

Wilmer McLean

1st Battle of Bull Run

McLean House “the war started

in my front yard and ended in my front parlor”

Appomattox

Town called Appomattox Courthouse McClean House: Surrender

http://www.nps.gov/apco/photosmultimedia/photogallery.htm

Appomatox

April 12th

Stacking of Arms Ceremony

4,000-5,000 of 1st Division of the 5th U.S. Army Corps