City & GuildsCity & GuildsLevel 2 Award in Level 2 Award in

Barista SkillsBarista Skills

Barista Barista (from the Italian word for "bartender") is a person, usually a coffee-(from the Italian word for "bartender") is a person, usually a coffee-

house employee, who prepares and serves house employee, who prepares and serves espresso-based -based coffee drinks. drinks.

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What the course will be covering: What the course will be covering: page 2page 2

Past HistoryPast HistoryWe tend to take coffee for granted but few of us know We tend to take coffee for granted but few of us know much about it. Here’s your chance to find out more.much about it. Here’s your chance to find out more.

Perfect IngredientPerfect IngredientHelping you to create the fantastic range of coffees Helping you to create the fantastic range of coffees that we sell starts with knowing just a little bit about that we sell starts with knowing just a little bit about the beans!the beans!

Product KnowledgeProduct KnowledgeCustomers often ask us questions about our coffee and Customers often ask us questions about our coffee and food. Part of providing great service is to be able to food. Part of providing great service is to be able to answer the questionsanswer the questions

PresentationPresentationYou eat with your eyes. So we are going to help you You eat with your eyes. So we are going to help you produce only the greatest drinks and serve them with produce only the greatest drinks and serve them with style!style!

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ObjectivesObjectives

Describe the look and ingredients of Describe the look and ingredients of five different coffee drinksfive different coffee drinks

State where coffee was first State where coffee was first discovered and list the three coffee discovered and list the three coffee growing continentsgrowing continents

Analyse the differences between the Analyse the differences between the Robusta and Arabica BeansRobusta and Arabica Beans

Homework – Fair trade & continents Homework – Fair trade & continents 33

Activity Activity - page 3 Hand Book- page 3 Hand Book

List in the box below the type of drinks List in the box below the type of drinks (tea/coffee) that you are familiar with(tea/coffee) that you are familiar with

Identify their characteristics - do you drink Identify their characteristics - do you drink them if so why? if not why?them if so why? if not why?

Share with the rest of the group after the Share with the rest of the group after the history?history?

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Past history… (5 mins) This is where the story starts ... Page … (5 mins) This is where the story starts ... Page

Once upon a time in a land far, far away lived a Once upon a time in a land far, far away lived a goat herder goat herder calledcalled Kaldi Kaldi. Kaldi lived in . Kaldi lived in Ethiopia (around the 6Ethiopia (around the 6thth century). Coffee was discovered when Kaldi noticed the effect a century). Coffee was discovered when Kaldi noticed the effect a bunch of bunch of red berries was having on his goatsred berries was having on his goats. After eating the berries, Kaldi and his . After eating the berries, Kaldi and his goats experienced an goats experienced an energy boostenergy boost, and were seen jumping around on the hills. , and were seen jumping around on the hills.

   Once the locals abbot (head of the monastery) found out about Kaldi’s discovery he Once the locals abbot (head of the monastery) found out about Kaldi’s discovery he

decided to try the beans out on his dozing decided to try the beans out on his dozing monksmonks. The monks became lively and alert, . The monks became lively and alert, even managing to stay awake during evening prayers! even managing to stay awake during evening prayers!

   The effects of coffee made it an instant hit throughout the Middle East. So precious was The effects of coffee made it an instant hit throughout the Middle East. So precious was

coffee in that area that it was a secret for nearly a thousand years.coffee in that area that it was a secret for nearly a thousand years.    It was not until the It was not until the 1717thth century century that a pilgrim managed that a pilgrim managed to smuggle coffee to Indiato smuggle coffee to India. Not . Not

long after that a long after that a Dutch trader Dutch trader successfully exported coffee and began planting it on the successfully exported coffee and began planting it on the island of island of JavaJava, where conditions were ideal for it to grow… the rest as they say is , where conditions were ideal for it to grow… the rest as they say is history!history!

           

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Recap from page 3 Recap from page 3 List in the box below the type of drinks (tea/coffee) List in the box below the type of drinks (tea/coffee)

that you are familiar withthat you are familiar with

Identify their characteristics - do you drink them if so Identify their characteristics - do you drink them if so why? if not why?why? if not why?

Share with the rest of the group – Share with the rest of the group –

Match the definition with the photo Match the definition with the photo - - Activity 5 minutes Activity 5 minutes

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Latte means milk in Italian and is perfect for those who like a milky coffee that still has plenty of flavour.  It is the ideal breakfast coffee but is great any time of day.

One-third coffee, one-third milk and one-third foam - the classic recipe for a coffee that is great to drink at breakfast or anytime of day. 

 A good espresso has a pure, rich flavour and irresistible smoky aroma.

Instant coffee has been around since 1950’s and there are many different types of blends available

Hot chocolate - consist of chocolate powder, steamed milk. Topped with whipped cream (optional)

Different types of tea that are available:Fruit, decaf, Green, mint etc.....

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AmericanoA coffee beverage made from a shot or two of espresso mixed with hot water to make a full sized drink. Americano is short for "Caffe Americano", which is Italian for espresso coffee served American style.  

Perfect Ingredient page 9 Perfect Ingredient page 9

We are now going to take a look at our main We are now going to take a look at our main ingredient, the thing that is the basis of most ingredient, the thing that is the basis of most of our drinks; of our drinks; coffee!coffee!

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South America Africa

Indonesia

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Where does coffee grow?

Coffee grows around the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. Within this area three major coffee growing regions exist; South Americas, Africa and Indonesia.

Recap Recap What type of coffee does McDonalds use? What type of coffee does McDonalds use? Who is Kaldi?Who is Kaldi? What continent does coffee beans grow?What continent does coffee beans grow? What does 7grams refer to? What does 7grams refer to? What does 35 grams refer to? What does 35 grams refer to? What is an espresso? What is an espresso? What is the topping on the espresso called? What is the topping on the espresso called?

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-- Recap Recap Define the drink - Try to explain the ingredients – and the way it is layered Define the drink - Try to explain the ingredients – and the way it is layered

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How does coffee grow? How does coffee grow? Page 10Page 10

It grows on a bush!! The coffee bean It grows on a bush!! The coffee bean comes from a cherry, it’s the bit comes from a cherry, it’s the bit inside.inside.

There are two types of coffee bean:There are two types of coffee bean:

RobustaRobusta Arabica Arabica

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RobustaRobusta

Grows to Grows to 8-108-10 meters tall between meters tall between below 2,000ft and produces below 2,000ft and produces inconsistent inconsistent sized beans with a sized beans with a brown/yellowbrown/yellow appearance. It will appearance. It will tolerate a greater range of tolerate a greater range of temperatures. Beans are temperatures. Beans are machinemachine picked, roast unevenly and produce a picked, roast unevenly and produce a rather harsh flavour. Robusta is usually rather harsh flavour. Robusta is usually used in used in cheaper cheaper blends and blends and instantinstant coffeecoffee..

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ArabicaArabica Grows Grows 6-86-8 meters meters

tall between an tall between an attitude of 3,000 to attitude of 3,000 to 6,500ft. Produces 6,500ft. Produces very very consistent consistent shape and sized shape and sized beans that are beans that are green/bluegreen/blue colour. colour. The beans are The beans are hand hand picked and picked and produce produce quality quality coffee.coffee.

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Flavour and Taste- - 2.38 min 2.38 min

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Why is a great coffee just like a great wine?Why is a great coffee just like a great wine?

Coffee beans, like Coffee beans, like wine grapes, wine grapes, change from change from yearyear to to year year (climate). (climate). The way you roast The way you roast your coffee is just your coffee is just like the way you like the way you press your grapes, press your grapes, it affects the final it affects the final aromaaroma, , flavourflavour and and tastetaste..

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What is a blend?

A blend is when Arabica is added to Robusta to make a coffee that is palatable to drink or when different varieties of Arabica are blended to produce a more rounded and smooth coffee.

How does coffee get its flavour How does coffee get its flavour and colour? Its all in the ‘pop’!and colour? Its all in the ‘pop’!

First popFirst pop After about After about 7 minutes 7 minutes in the roasting in the roasting

drum the beans have turned a light tan drum the beans have turned a light tan colour they swell to twice their size colour they swell to twice their size and pop (you can actually hear this and pop (you can actually hear this first pop, it’s a bit like making first pop, it’s a bit like making popcorn in a microwavepopcorn in a microwave

Full cityFull city 9 – 11 minutes 9 – 11 minutes the popping noise the popping noise

gradually stops and coffee rapidly gradually stops and coffee rapidly changes colour from a light brown changes colour from a light brown ‘city roast’ to a dark chestnut colour ‘city roast’ to a dark chestnut colour ‘full city’.‘full city’.

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  Second popSecond pop After After 12 – 13 minutes 12 – 13 minutes the beans begin to the beans begin to

hiss and then quickly enter the second pop. hiss and then quickly enter the second pop. The intense heat inside the roaster forces The intense heat inside the roaster forces the aromatic oils inside the beans to boil to the aromatic oils inside the beans to boil to the surface, giving the beans an oily the surface, giving the beans an oily appearance. The beans have darkened to a appearance. The beans have darkened to a rich chestnut brown colour.rich chestnut brown colour.

  Dark roastDark roast 14 minutes 14 minutes and beyond and the beans are and beyond and the beans are

quiet again. Very, very dark brown and quiet again. Very, very dark brown and glistening with oil, this roast is known as glistening with oil, this roast is known as ‘Italian’. Another minute or so and the ‘Italian’. Another minute or so and the beans are jet black, this is the ‘French’ beans are jet black, this is the ‘French’ roast, the beans are now 20% carbon.roast, the beans are now 20% carbon.

  

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Typical RoastingTypical Roastingpage 12page 12

Of all the processes involved with coffee, the quickest and Of all the processes involved with coffee, the quickest and most critical is roasting. The main reason that roasting is most critical is roasting. The main reason that roasting is difficult is that virtually every batch of beans is different from difficult is that virtually every batch of beans is different from every other.every other.

Most brands of coffee sold today are a blend of two or more Most brands of coffee sold today are a blend of two or more batches of beansbatches of beans

LightLight or or Pale Pale Roast – only used with very high quality coffee – Roast – only used with very high quality coffee – preserves the delicate aroma - Arabica Beanspreserves the delicate aroma - Arabica Beans

Medium Roast Medium Roast – Stronger flavour - in America this is also – Stronger flavour - in America this is also called called City Roast or American Roast City Roast or American Roast – this is probably the – this is probably the most popular roastmost popular roast

Full Roast Full Roast – also known as – also known as French Roast French Roast - accentuates the - accentuates the bitter aspectsbitter aspects

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GrindingGrinding

Roast coffee must be Roast coffee must be groundground before it before it can be used to make a brewcan be used to make a brew

Coffee is ground to different Coffee is ground to different grades grades to to suit the different methods of brewingsuit the different methods of brewing

The beans can either be commercially The beans can either be commercially ground or sold as whole beans for ground or sold as whole beans for grinding at homegrinding at home

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Brewing MethodsBrewing Methods

Making a good cup of coffee is not Making a good cup of coffee is not difficult. Brewing is simply a way of difficult. Brewing is simply a way of keeping coffee in contact with water keeping coffee in contact with water long enough for the flavours to pass long enough for the flavours to pass from the coffee into the water:from the coffee into the water:

FilterFilter – Fine to medium grind – Fine to medium grind CafetiereCafetiere – Medium grind – Medium grind EspressoEspresso – Very fine grind – Very fine grind

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Filter Machines Filter Machines page 13page 13

Fine to medium grindFine to medium grind

One of the most One of the most popular popular methods of methods of brewing coffee – the brewing coffee – the machine heats the machine heats the water and passes it water and passes it through the coffee into through the coffee into a jug belowa jug below

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Cafetiere / EspressoCafetiere / Espresso

The correct grind of coffee is The correct grind of coffee is MediumMedium..

Using a fine grind may make the Using a fine grind may make the plungingplunging difficult – take care when difficult – take care when pressing down, so that there is no pressing down, so that there is no danger of breaking the danger of breaking the glassglass. Also if . Also if using a fine grind, there will be more using a fine grind, there will be more sedimentsediment in the bottom of the cup. in the bottom of the cup.

Brewed in a jug with a plunger/filter to Brewed in a jug with a plunger/filter to hold the grounds at the bottom of the jughold the grounds at the bottom of the jug

EspressoEspresso Very fine grindVery fine grind

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It’s in the freshness It’s in the freshness page 14page 14

Like all great things there is always Like all great things there is always someone or something plotting its downfall! someone or something plotting its downfall! To keep coffee safe and in tip top condition To keep coffee safe and in tip top condition you have to look after it because coffee has you have to look after it because coffee has five enemies set on destroying it!five enemies set on destroying it!

OxygenOxygen HeatHeat AgeAge MoistureMoisture Direct sunlightDirect sunlight

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It’s in the freshnessIt’s in the freshness

Why do these enemies matter?Why do these enemies matter?

If the quality of the coffee is affected If the quality of the coffee is affected because it is because it is old old (flavour) (flavour) or has or has been left been left exposedexposed to the to the airair or or sunlightsunlight then the coffee will taste then the coffee will taste inferior.inferior.

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Who is Kaldi?Who is Kaldi? What continents does coffee beans grow?What continents does coffee beans grow? What does 7grams refer to? What does 7grams refer to? What does 35 grams refer to? What does 35 grams refer to? What is an espresso? What is an espresso? What is the topping on the espresso called?What is the topping on the espresso called? What is a blend? What is a blend? What temperature should water be heated up to, to make an espresso or tea ? What temperature should water be heated up to, to make an espresso or tea ? How does coffee get its flavour?How does coffee get its flavour? Coffee has five enemies , can you name them? Coffee has five enemies , can you name them? Name the two main types of coffee beans and explain their Name the two main types of coffee beans and explain their

differences differences Roast coffee must be ____________before it can be used to make a Roast coffee must be ____________before it can be used to make a

brewbrew What are the differences between the grinding for and espresso, filter What are the differences between the grinding for and espresso, filter

coffee and Cafetiere. coffee and Cafetiere. Why should you never mix new coffee beans with old? Why should you never mix new coffee beans with old?

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How do you keep coffee fresh?How do you keep coffee fresh? When coffee is roasted, When coffee is roasted, carbon dioxide carbon dioxide (A colorless, odorless, incombustible gas), (A colorless, odorless, incombustible gas),

develops within the bean, therefore it is vital they are develops within the bean, therefore it is vital they are stored and kept stored and kept properly before they go staleproperly before they go stale, lose , lose their aromas and absorb tasteless their aromas and absorb tasteless oxygen.oxygen.

What % of caffeine is taken out to make of decaf coffee? What % of caffeine is taken out to make of decaf coffee? 97.5% 97.5%

There have been many methods of removing caffeine. The basic method (sometimes There have been many methods of removing caffeine. The basic method (sometimes known as the "Direct Method") is to soak the coffee beans in hot water or to steam known as the "Direct Method") is to soak the coffee beans in hot water or to steam them. This brings the caffeine in the beans to the surface included with the oils in the them. This brings the caffeine in the beans to the surface included with the oils in the bean. Then a chemical is used to strip the oil off the bean. This is why decaf coffee bean. Then a chemical is used to strip the oil off the bean. This is why decaf coffee usually looks dry (as opposed to caffeinated coffee which can have a shiny layer on the usually looks dry (as opposed to caffeinated coffee which can have a shiny layer on the bean). bean).

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Proper bean storageProper bean storage Mark bags with date of receipt to ensure good stock rotationMark bags with date of receipt to ensure good stock rotation

Always label any bean containers -type of coffee, date opened ‘used by Always label any bean containers -type of coffee, date opened ‘used by date (21 days from the opening date). After 21 days any beans remaining date (21 days from the opening date). After 21 days any beans remaining must be thrown away – don't’ forget to make a note of any wastage.must be thrown away – don't’ forget to make a note of any wastage.

Ensure bean containers are thoroughly washed and dry before placing Ensure bean containers are thoroughly washed and dry before placing coffee inside them. This is important to prevent contamination. coffee inside them. This is important to prevent contamination. (remember coffee beans are like a sponge and will absorb any flavours (remember coffee beans are like a sponge and will absorb any flavours present).present).

Never combine old and new beansNever combine old and new beans

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Quick Quiz part one – Quick Quiz part one – Close all handbooksClose all handbooks 20 minutes to complete20 minutes to complete

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Sample Exam questions Sample Exam questions Why would hand picking usually produce better quality beans ?Why would hand picking usually produce better quality beans ?

How do Robusta and Arabica green beans differ in their visual appearance?How do Robusta and Arabica green beans differ in their visual appearance?

Describe the ideal texture of foam on a cappuccino or latte .Describe the ideal texture of foam on a cappuccino or latte .

Give one way in which a coffee farmer in Africa could benefit from being part of an ethical trading scheme (fair trade) .Give one way in which a coffee farmer in Africa could benefit from being part of an ethical trading scheme (fair trade) .

Give one payment method which is acceptable in the cafe environment Give one payment method which is acceptable in the cafe environment

If a customer has requested a filter coffee when there is only an espresso machine available, what should be explained to If a customer has requested a filter coffee when there is only an espresso machine available, what should be explained to the customer.the customer.

Why does coffee have a limited shelf life? Why does coffee have a limited shelf life?

Why should all spills be cleaned up immediately?Why should all spills be cleaned up immediately?

State one consequence of failing to handle a customer complaint effectively? State one consequence of failing to handle a customer complaint effectively?

What might be suspected if a customer complains of an espresso being too cold?What might be suspected if a customer complains of an espresso being too cold?

Name: Name:

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