Citronelle Groundwater Services - Southern States … 50
Transcript of Citronelle Groundwater Services - Southern States … 50
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Citronelle Groundwater Services
12th Annual SECARB Stakeholders’ Briefing - March 2017
Michael Smilley, PG Jeffrey Frazier, PG
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Regulatory Context
MONITORING THE USDW AQUIFER
Two Documents Guide the Monitoring Program: n ADEM Underground Injection Control Permit
Ø Presents permit monitoring requirements Ø “Discharge Limits” based on Federal Drinking Water Standards
n Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) to ADEM (State Agency) Ø Additional data evaluations in SAP Ø Based on EPA’s statistical “Unified Guidance” (March 2009)
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Groundwater Monitoring Program
BackgroundMonitoring
Injec2onMonitoring
Post-Injec2onMonitoring
Sta2s2calAnalysis
TrendAnalysisSamplingandAnalysis
PlanDevelopment
UICandSAPEvalua2on
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Potential Effects on Aqueous Geochemistry (Wilkin and Diguilio, 2010)
n Acidification
n Mobilization of Inorganics / Organics Ø Increased Alkalinity Ø Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Increase Ø Dissolved Metals Increase
n Intrusion of Saline Waters
n Controlling Factors for Potential Geochemical Changes: Ø Aquifer Mineralogy Ø Aquifer Buffering Capacity Ø Reaction Rates Ø Temperature, Pressure, Salinity
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USDW Monitoring Well Network
Monitoring Well Screened USDW
Well Depth
(ft. BTOC)
Well TOC Elevation (ft. AMSL)
D-9-7 MW-2S Miocene-Pliocene
Aquifer 170.8 165.56
D-9-7 MW-2D Miocene-Pliocene
Aquifer 501 165.4
D-9-9 MW-1 Miocene-Pliocene
Aquifer 169.6 149.37
Water Supply Well Near D-9-8
Miocene-Pliocene Aquifer/Watercourse
Aquifer ~143Not
Surveyed
USDW Monitoring Well Network
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Quarterly GW Monitoring to Date
n 3 pre-injection background events Ø January 11-12, 2012 (N=1) Ø March 13-15, 2012 (N=2) Ø July 18-19, 2012 (N=3)
n 8 injection monitoring events (N=4 to N=11) from November 2012 to August 2014
n 10 post-injection events. The latest N=21, was completed in February 2017
n 3 year post-injection site care monitoring period complete in September 2017
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Comparison Values
D-9-7 MW2D
Analyte UIC Permit Discharge
Limits (µg/l)
Range of Valid Background
Concentrations (µg/l)
Aluminum 200 <100 - 4600 Antimony 6 <5 Arsenic 10 <5 Barium 2,000 <10 - 29
Beryllium 4 <3 Cadmium 5 <5 Chromium 100 <5 - 13
Copper 1,300 <10 Iron 300 <100 - 3200 Lead 15 <5 - 5.5
Manganese 50 <10 - 18 Mercury 2 <0.2 Nickel 100 <5 - 5.1
Selenium 50 <10 Silver 100 <5
Thallium 2 <1 Zinc 5,000 <20 - 69
Range of values because of the small background data set.
Selected naturally occurring background concentrations which exceed UIC Permit discharge.
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Detections
Date
Aluminum
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thalium
Zinc
12-Jan-12 N=1 ● ● ● ● ● ● ●15-Mar-12 N=219-Jul-12 N=3 ● ● ● ● ● ●8-Nov-12 N=4 ● ●15-Feb-13 N=5 ● ●30-Apr-13 N=6 ● ●7-Aug-13 N=7 ● ●20-Nov-13 N=818-Feb-14 N=9 ● ●7-May-14 N=10 ● ●7-Aug-14 N=11 ● ●19-Nov-14 N=12 ● ●5-Feb-15 N=13 ● ●6-May-15 N=14 ● ● ●5-Aug-15 N=1520-Nov-15 N=1626-Feb-16 N=17 ● ●3-May-16 N=1810-Aug-16 N=19 ●16-Nov-16 N=20
B
Event
I
P
Date
Aluminum
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
12-Jan-12 N=1 ● ● ●15-Mar-12 N=2 ● ● ●19-Jul-12 N=3 ● ● ●8-Nov-12 N=4 ● ● ●
14-Feb-13 N=5 ● ● ●30-Apr-13 N=6 ● ● ●7-Aug-13 N=7 ● ● ●20-Nov-13 N=8 ● ● ●18-Feb-14 N=9 ● ● ●7-May-14 N=10 ● ● ●6-Aug-14 N=11 ● ● ●19-Nov-14 N=12 ● ● ●5-Feb-15 N=13 ● ● ●6-May-15 N=14 ● ● ● 5-Aug-15 N=15 ● ●19-Nov-15 N=16 ● ● ●25-Feb-16 N=17 ●3-May-16 N=18 ● ● ●10-Aug-16 N=19 ● ● ●16-Nov-16 N=20 ● ● ●
Event
B
I
P
MW-2D MW-2S
Consistent Detections of Aluminum and Iron
Consistent Detections of Barium, Iron, and Manganese
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Detections
Date
Aluminum
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
12-Jan-12 N=1 ● ● ●14-Mar-12 N=2 ● ● ● ● ●19-Jul-12 N=3 ● ● ●7-Nov-12 N=4 ● ● ●
13-Feb-13 N=5 ● ● ● ●29-Apr-13 N=6 ● ● ●6-Aug-13 N=7 ● ● ●19-Nov-13 N=8 ● ● ● ●17-Feb-14 N=9 ● ● ●6-May-14 N=10 ● ● ●5-Aug-14 N=11 ● ● ●18-Nov-14 N=12 ● ● ●4-Feb-15 N=13 ● ● ●6-May-15 N=14 ● ● ● ● 4-Aug-15 N=15 ● ● ●17-Nov-15 N=16 ● ● ●25-Feb-16 N=17 ● ● ●2-May-16 N=18 ● ● ●9-Aug-16 N=19 ● ● ●15-Nov-16 N=20 ● ● ●
B
I
P
Event Date
Aluminum
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
11-Jan-12 N=1 ● ● ●15-Mar-12 N=2 ● ● ● ● ● ●19-Jul-12 N=3 ● ● ● ●8-Nov-12 N=4 ● ● ● ●
14-Feb-13 N=5 ● ● ● ● ●30-Apr-13 N=6 ● ● ● ●7-Aug-13 N=7 ● ● ●20-Nov-13 N=8 ● ● ●18-Feb-14 N=9 ● ● ● ●7-May-14 N=10 ● ● ●7-Aug-14 N=11 ● ● ●19-Nov-14 N=12 ● ● ●5-Feb-15 N=13 ● ● ●6-May-15 N=14 ● ● ● 5-Aug-15 N=15 ● ● ●19-Nov-15 N=16 ● ● ●25-Feb-16 N=17 ● ● ●3-May-16 N=18 ● ● ●10-Aug-16 N=19 ● ● ●16-Nov-16 N=20 ● ● ● ●
B
I
P
Event
MW-1 Water Well
Consistent Detections of Barium, Iron, and Manganese
Consistent Detections of Barium, Iron, and Manganese
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pH
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
Jan-12 Jul-12 Feb-13 Aug-13 Mar-14 Sep-14 Apr-15 Nov-15 May-16
D-9-7MW-2D D-9-7MW-2S D-9-9MW-1 WATERWELL UICPermitDischargeLimits
BACKGROUND INJECTIONPERIOD POST-INJECTIONPERIOD
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ALKALINITY
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
Jan-12 Jul-12 Feb-13 Aug-13 Mar-14 Sep-14 Apr-15 Nov-15 May-16
Alkalin
ity,Total(m
g/L)
D-9-7MW-2D D-9-7MW-2S D-9-9MW-1 WATERWELL
BACKGROUND INJECTIONPERIOD POST-INJECTIONPERIOD
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TOTAL INORGANIC CARBON
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Jan-12 Jul-12 Feb-13 Aug-13 Mar-14 Sep-14 Apr-15 Nov-15 May-16
TotalIno
rgan
icCarbo
n(m
g/L)
D-9-7MW-2D D-9-7MW-2S D-9-9MW-1 WaterWell 0=Non-Detect
BACKGROUND INJECTIONPERIOD POST-INJECTIONPERIOD
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Iron
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Jan-12 Jul-12 Feb-13 Aug-13 Mar-14 Sep-14 Apr-15 Nov-15 May-16
Iron(ug/L)
D-9-7MW-2D D-9-7MW-2S D-9-9MW-1 WATERWELL UICPermitDischargeLimitforIron 0=Non-Detect
BACKGROUND INJECTIONPERIOD POST-INJECTIONPERIOD
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Manganese
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Jan-12 Jul-12 Feb-13 Aug-13 Mar-14 Sep-14 Apr-15 Nov-15 May-16
Man
gane
se(u
g/L)
D-9-7MW-2D D-9-7MW-2S D-9-9MW-1 WATERWELL UICPermitDischargeLimitforManganese 0=Non-Detect
BACKGROUND INJECTIONPERIOD POST-INJECTIONPERIOD
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Statistical Approach
n Three analytical approaches to the data set: Ø Confidence Limits to Compare to UIC Discharge Limits: determines
if a detection exceeding the UIC permit discharge limit and the range of background concertation is statistically significant
Ø Evaluate Statistically Significant increases or decreases for concentrations above laboratory reporting limits, per SAP
Ø Mann-Kendall Trend Determination: determines if a statistically significant upward or downward trend exist.
n EPA’s Unified Guidance for statistics referenced / utilized
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Summary of Statistical Evaluation Results
n The latest data is evaluated to determine which analytes required statistical analysis.
n “Value to value” comparisons show some exceedances of the UIC Permit values.
n The SAP statistical analyses show statistically significant changes for some the parameters (eg. metals, pH and TIC).
n Mann-Kendall trend analysis show a statistically trend for some parameters
n Similar results for the statistical evaluations for injection and post-injection
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Summary
n Research suggests the most likely indicators for CO2 influence are (Wilkin and Diguilio, 2010) : Ø Decrease in pH Ø Increased Alkalinity
Ø Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Increase Ø Dissolved Metals (i.e., Fe/Mn) Increase
n Multiple lines of evidence are warranted for conclusions; Aqueous geochemistry is a complex system
n Individual potential indicators for CO2 influence are noted in quarterly reports
n Currently, monitoring and reporting of results continues n Stakeholder input is encouraged for this important project n ADEM evaluation and discussion is encouraged
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Summary of Statistical Evaluation Results
n Results from N=20 event show statistically significant trends for pH and iron (purple shading), however recent events have been within background range.
n Several lines of evidence for the influence of carbon dioxide at the monitoring wells were absent during the N=20 sampling event (blue shading).
Statistically Determined Potential Lines of Evidence for Carbon Dioxide Influence
Monitoring Well Decrease in pH Increase in TIC Increase in Alkalinity
Increase in Metals Concentrations
D-9-7 MW-2D Yes No No No
D-9-7 MW-2S No No No No
D-9-9 MW-1 No No No Fe
Water Supply Well No No No No
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Closing
Questions and Comments?
Michel Smilley [email protected]
Jeffery Frazier
Brent Waters [email protected]
THANK YOU