Citing and understanding spatial references for eResearch: Spatial Identifier Reference Framework...

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Citing and understanding spatial references for eResearch: Spatial Identifier Reference Framework (SIRF)Paul Box, Terry Rankine, Rob Atkinson, Simon CoxCSIROeResearch 2014 , Melbourne

DIGITAL PRODUCTIVITY FLAGSHIP

Understanding and citing spatial references - SIRF | Paul Box

Understanding and citing spatial identifiers

• Spatial identifiers – nature and use• Current challenges & future directions• Spatial Identifiers Reference Framework - SIRF

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Multi-disciplinary perspectives

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The Critical ZoneEarth's permeable near-surface layer... from the tops of the trees to the bottom of the groundwater.

Hydrology, geology, soil science, biology, ecology, geochemistry, + anthropogenic.

Source: - US National Science Foundation Critical Zone Observatory (CZO)

• Multiple domains, organizations, scientific disciplines

• Information – multiple scales, sources, structure, semantics, format & quality

• Different phenomena & reporting geographies• Rapid information integration from multiple

sources • Reliably link spatial + O&M• Reliably link reporting geographies

The present - information silos

System 1

System 2

System 3

System 5 System

4

System n

System 7

$$

$$$

$ $

Discover Access Understand Extract, Transform, Load

Use

Time and effort

Everything Happens Somewhere

Understanding and citing spatial references - SIRF | Paul Box 4 |

Gazetteer?

• Subjective constructs of geography - e.g. Gazetteer, local government areas, catchment management authority area, ground water management unit

• Layer & feature based approach • Identity (name, code) • Type• Geometry • Topology

• Independent spatial layers + metadata in catalogues (SDI)

Representing location - spatial data

Concept

Relationship


Key issues Dataset • Identity is ambiguous • Topology & geometry conflated

SDI• Duplication - multiple representations• Disconnection – spatial layers disconnected from:

• each other • from other information• Discovery - many catalogues, poor metadata @ dataset level • Change



Identity

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What’s in a name?

Official Country name lists• United Nations Statistics Division Country and

Region Codes for Statistical Use• United Nations Group of Experts on Geographic

Names - List of Country Names• Department for General Assembly and Conference

Management - Multilingual Terminology Database (UNTERM)

• ISO - ISO 3166: Codes for country names • UN FAO - Global Administrative Unit Layers (GAUL)

Figure 1: Variation rates in spelling for country names between the UN Statistical Division’s Country and Region Codes for Statistical Use and UN datasets from data.un.org

• One place - many names• Australia, Australie, أستراليا• Sydney, Syd, City of Sydney

• One name – many places


One name – many places


‘Leichhardt’

Leichhardt in Australia4 (52) Australian Gazetteer (GA) - NSW, QLD10 (12) ASGS (ABS) - NSW, VIC, QLD

Leichhardt in NSW3 (9) in NSW Place Names search (GNB NSW)

Leichhardt (Sub) NSW

Feature types• National Gazetteer• Suburb • Parish • Homestead

•ASGS • SA2 (NSW, QLD)• SA3 (NSW)• CED (QLD)• IARE (NSW) • State Suburb (VIC, NSW & QLD)• Gazetted locality

•GNB• County • Parish• Suburb (No LGA!)

One spatial object - multiple identities (& representations)

Geospatial information Other information resources

NSW Gaz (GNB NSW) 32679

Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)


Geonames 2160386

ASGS (ABS) SSC11351

Nat Gaz (GA) NSW3267


Identifiers in spatial data

• Ambiguous • system scoped and non-unique• multiple identifiers for same spatial object• Unstable – not well managed change over time• Not well governed

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Geometry & topology


Separating geometry and topology

• Geometry used to encode topology• Geometry used for visualization, analysis• Most use cases need topology not geometry:

• Which Jurisdictions contains Leichhardt LGA• Which rivers are upstream of the Hawkesbury? • Geometry is – unreliable, inefficient for representing topology


LGA boundaries & State boundaries

What do we need?• Unambiguously identify spatial objects using URIs• Reliably cite geospatial features e.g.

• Geographic keywords • Identify features used in workflow/model• Cross-reference spatial identifiers to each other

• link multiple identities• topology - touches, contains, adjacent • Link spatial features to stats/obs



Spatial Identifier Reference Framework - spatial linked data enabling of SDI

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Geospatial information Statistical information (Implicitly geospatial)

GNB NSW 32679

Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)


Geonames 2160386

ABS ASGS SSC11351

GA Aus Gaz NSW3267

Linked spatial data to bridge existing gaps

Spatial IdentifierReference Framework

Index Crosswalk Explore

How SIRF works – Indexing spatial references

SIRFSpatial

Information

User

Linked Data Web

Index identifiers

http://demo.sirf.net/siset/CGNA/NSW81093

http://demo.sirf.net/siset/AUS-FSDF/admin/2

Publish URIs


(National) Spatial Data Infrastructure

owl:sameAs

http://demo.sirf.net/siset/CGNA/NSW81093

http://demo.sirf.net/siset/AUS-FSDF/admin/2

http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-ref/


LinksetLinksetSISetSISet SISetSISet

Relationships between spatial objects

Australian National Gazetteer

FSDF Admin Boundary

‘Cross-walks’ between SISets

• Centralise the problem• Machine + manual processing• Demand driven• Cross-walks treated as first class citizens• Well managed and shareable

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http://id.sirf.net/siset/SA_SUBURBS/501001- SA suburb - SA gazetteer- National gazetteer

SIRF data network

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http://id.sirf.net/siset/SA_SUBURBS/501001

SIRF - linking between productsANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework


OWL SameAs

NSW

Albury(LGA)

TowongLGA

VICGeo:sf-adjacent

Geo:sf-contains

Geo:sf-contains

Geo:sf-adjacent

Geo:sf-contains

FSDF Admin Boundary Product

Leichhardt (LGA)

S. Metro Region

Albert Park District

Geo:sf-contains

Geo:sf-contains

FSDF Place Name Product

Geo:sf-contains

NSW

Geo:sf-contains

Leichhardt

LambertPark Geo:sf-contains

OWL SameAs

Cross-walks registered in SIRF

Data set indexed in SIRF

Data set indexed in SIRF


Identifier patterns

Collection http://demo.sirf.net/siset/CGNA/Instance http://demo.sirf.net/siset/CGNA/AHO34899 concept of Sydney

http://demo.sirf.net/siset/CGNA/AHO34899?_version=1.1.0 – representation of the concept at a snapshot in time

Alt ID patternshttp://environment.data.gov.au/water/id/catchment/100862

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Linked data / Internet of th

ings – BOF

http://demo.sirf.net/siset/CGNA/

http://demo.sirf.net/siset/CGNA/AHO34899

http://demo.sirf.net/siset/CGNA/AHO34899?_version=1.1.0

http://environment.data.gov.au/water/id/catchment/100862

Key messages

• Different to Wikipedia/Geonames • NOT creating a new unauthoritative dataset • Building set of indexes to underlying authoritative spatial data -

with provenance - source metadata• Reliable unambiguous URI to reference to spatial object (concept

or representation) • Linked data to express identity of and linkage between spatial

objects• Bridge between native GIS representations and other data across

the web• URIs – pattern and content governance


Paul Box

t: +61 2 93253122e: [email protected]: www.csiro.au

DIGITAL PRODUCTIVITY FLAGSHIP

Thank youCSIRO Digital Productivity Flagship

SIRF OpenSearch http://unsdi.csiro.au/UNSDIOpenSearch/searchSIRF API doco http://www.sirf.net

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