The proportion of the world’s population living in urban areas

North of the Brandt line (north-south divide)

South of the Brandt line

South America

North AmericaWestern Europe

Africa

Asia

Oceania

Rapid Population Growth

Demand for Housing

Housing prices rise

People can’t afford housing so build shanty town (also known as an informal settlement or squatter settlement)

Demand for Work

Shortage of formal sector jobs

People do informal sector (casual) work, low pay, don’t pay tax and no security

City doesn’t collect taxes and so is poor

City can’t employ workers

City can’t provide housing

Working conditions are poor and labour intensive

Industry does not invest in new technology

Lack of services (clean drinking water, sanitation and electricity). Vermine and insects thrive

Disease spreads

Infant mortality and child mortality high

High population density

Pollution

People have more children

Demand for schooling cannot be met

Children find work

Families can’t afford to keep children

Street children

Uneducated people have more children

Lack of green space

http://www.travel-images.com/rosto.html

Mr Mehta property developer

Key

Agree √Disagree XThe Local Council

Small businesses in Dharavi

Slum residents

Rural-urban migrants coming to Mumbai

Mr Mehta property developer

The Local Council

Small businesses in Dharavi

Slum residents Rural-urban migrants coming to Mumbai

Urbanisation

Suburbanisation

Counter-urbanisation

Re-urbanisation

Global Hubs

Natural resources

Human resources

Cumulative causation

Introduction of new industry/activity or expansion of existing business

Improved pool of skilled labour/workforce

Local authority (council) collects more taxation from its growing and wealthier population and so has more income

Inventions and innovation by residentsLinked industry and

business is attracted

More linked industries develop

London’s Population

Attractions of World cities

Scattergraph to show correlation between average house prices and income in London Boroughs

Scattergraph to show correlation between crimes of violence and % 5+ A*-C Grades at GCSE

Scattergraph to show correlation between crimes of violence and average house prices