cisc3660 history of computer/video gamessklar/cisc3660/notes/lecI.2-notes.pdf ·...
Transcript of cisc3660 history of computer/video gamessklar/cisc3660/notes/lecI.2-notes.pdf ·...
cisc3660game programming
fall 2012lecture # I.2
history of computer/video games
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history of computer/video games
• “video” game ⇒ game played on a computer device with a video screen
• earliest video games date back to 1950’s
• historically, video games have moved from technology labs to arcades to offices and homesto mobile devices
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pre 1900’s
• Nintendo was established in 1889 as “Marufuku Company”, a playing card company
• they manufactured “flower cards”
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pre 1970’s
• earliest video games were designed and built in technology labs
• 1952 : Tic-Tac-Toe, programmed on an EDSAC vacuum tube computer
• 1958 : Tennis for Two, programmed on an oscilloscope connected to a computer
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• 1961 : SpaceWar, dueling spaceships programmed on a PDP-1 computer, using vectorgraphics
Spacewar:
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1970’s
• the next phase in video game history, games were built for stand-alone arcade consoles
• 1972 : Pong, programmed by Atari
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• other 1972 games:
– Magnavox “Odyssey”, another console game
– “Adventure: The Colossal Cave”, a text-based adventure game
• 1976 : Breakout
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• 1977 : significant hardware releases
– Apple II
– Atari 2600
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• 1978
– Space Invaders
– Atari 400
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• 1979
– Lunar Lander
– Asteroids
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1980’s
• in the 80’s, games were still being made for arcade consoles, but were also being made forearly home consoles and early home computers
• 1980
– Pac-Man
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– Defender
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• 1981 : Donkey Kong
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• 1982
– Tron
– Commodore 62
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• 1983
– video game industry crash, some high-profile failures because there were manythird-party companies producing cheap games; some big companies couldn’t compete,many small companies went under
– IBM PC
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• 1984
– Apple Macintosh
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• 1985
– Nintendo Entertainment System (NES)
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– Mario Bros
– Commodore Amiga
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– Tetris invented in the USSR
• 1986
– Sega Master System (but, eventually, unable to compete with Nintendo)
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• 1987 : Nintendo Zelda
• 1988 : Tetris brought to the USA
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• 1989
– Nintendo GameBoy — first handheld game console
– Sega Genesis — established Sega as a Nintendo rival (but short-lived)
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1990’s
• rise of 3D graphics in games
• arcade games started to decline
• 1990-91
– Nintendo’s Super Mario Bros 3 was a huge commercial success
– Sega’s Sonic the Hedgehog
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– Nintendo Super NES
– other companies tried to join the “console wars”, but could not gain a foothold in themarket
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• 1993
– increase in computer games for the home market
– Myst
– Doom
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– Mortal Kombat
∗ set off discussion of government ratings of video games
∗ ESRB formed a year later
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• 1994-95
– Sony Playstation — originally meant to be an accessory for the Nintendo NES (CDdrive), but Nintendo cancelled the contract, so Sony created a complete console device
– SEGA Saturn — really never made it big
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– Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB)
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• 1996
– Nintendo N64, cartridge-based consoleSony’s choice of CD over cartridge was critical and helped Sony gain a foothold in themarket
– Pokemon
– Quake
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– Tamagotchi
• 1999
– Sega Dreamcast — failed to make it big, so future of Sega went with software (game)development
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2000’s
• the 2000’s saw the rise of on-line games
• also MMORPG’s (Massively Multiplayer On-line Role-Playing Games)
• 2000 : Halo
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• 2001
– Microsoft’s entry into the game console market with the XBOX,including “XBox Live” subscription service to support on-line gaming
– Nintendo Gamecube
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• 2004
– Nintendo DS (“Double Screen” — though that is debatable)
– Sony PSP (Playstation Portable) — entry into the handheld game market
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– World of Warcraft
• 2005
– Microsoft XBox 360
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• 2006
– Nintendo Wii
– Sony PS3
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• 2008
– Android — first phone released in 2008, leading phone O/S by 2010
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• 2010
– Apple iPad
– Microsoft Kinect
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