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Transcript of CIS100 Test 3 Review REACH-CRC © 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.Spring 2011.
CIS100 Test 3 Review
REACH-CRC
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.Spring 2011
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
CIS100 Test 3 Content
Chapter 6: Business Networks and TelecommunicationsChapter 7: Databases and Data Warehouses
Videos: The Machine is Us/ing Us
Chapter 7: Organizing Data for Effective AnalysisCumulative concepts, features and functions, as well as nested IF statements plus new functions: DATE, DATEDIF, NOW, TODAY, YEARFRAC, as well as Sorting & Filtering
Includes all Homework and Lab Assignments to date
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
CIS100 Cumulative Microsoft Excel Functions
•Mathematical Functions•ROUND•SUM
• Statistical Functions•AVERAGE•COUNT•COUNTA•LARGE•MAX•MEDIAN•MIN•SMALL
•Logical Functions•AND•OR•NOT•IF•Nested IF
•Text Manipulation Function•Concatenate Function
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
CIS100 Test 3 New Microsoft Excel Functions
•Date Functions•DATE•DATEDIF•YEARFRAC•NOW•TODAY
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
Syntax:
=DATE(year,month,day)
Arguments:
•year RequiredThe value of the year argument can include one to four digits.
•month RequiredA positive or negative integer representing the month of the year from 1 to 12 (January to December).
•day RequiredA positive or negative integer representing the day of the month from 1 to 31.
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
Description:
• Returns the sequential serial number that represents a particular date.
Remarks:
• If the cell format was General before the function was entered, the result is formatted as a date instead of a number.
• Excel interprets the year argument according to the date system your computer is using.
• By default, Microsoft Excel for Windows uses the 1900 date system; Microsoft Excel for the Macintosh uses the 1904 date system.
• Excel stores dates as sequential serial numbers so that they can be used in calculations.
Errors:
NoneMicrosoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
=DATE(A2,B2,C2)
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
What is the serial date for the date in A2:C2, using the 1900 date system?
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
=DATE(A2,B2,C2)=39448
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
What is the serial date for the date in A2:C2, using the 1900 date system?
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
Syntax:
=DATEDIF(startdate,enddate,interval)
Arguments:
•startdate RequiredA date that represents the start date.
•enddate RequiredA date that represents the end date.
•interval RequiredThe type of day count basis to use.
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
Syntax:
=DATEDIF(startdate,enddate,interval)
Arguments:
•interval RequiredThe type of day count basis to use.
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
Description:
• Computes the difference between two dates in a variety of different intervals.
Remarks:
• If you have the interval in another cell referenced by the formula, that cell should not have quotes around the interval string.
• When calculating date intervals, DATEDIF uses the year of startdate, not enddate when calculating the yd, ym and md intervals
Errors:
#VALUE – If startdate or enddate are not valid dates#NUM! – If startdate is greater than or equal to enddate#NUM! – If interval is not a valid paramter (m, d, y, ym, yd, md)
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
=DATEDIF(A2,A3,”d”)
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
What is the difference in days between the two dates?
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
=DATEDIF(A2,A3,”d”)=210
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
What is the difference in days between the two dates?
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
Description:
• Returns the serial number of the current date.
Remarks:
• If the cell format was General before the function was entered, Excel changes the cell format to Date.
• If you want to view the serial number, you must change the cell format to General or Number.
• The TODAY function is useful when you need to have the current date displayed on a worksheet, regardless of when you open the workbook.
• The TODAY function is dependent on your computer’s system clock being correct.
Errors:
NoneMicrosoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
=TODAY()
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
=TODAY()
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
Syntax:
=NOW()
Arguments:
None
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
Description:
• Returns the serial number of the current date and time.
Remarks:• If the cell format was General before the function was entered, Excel changes the
cell format to the same date and time format that is specified in the regional date and time settings in Control Panel.
• The NOW function is useful when you need to display the current date and time on a worksheet or calculate a value based on the current date and time, and have that value updated each time you open the worksheet.
• Numbers to the right of the decimal point in the serial number represent the time; numbers to the left represent the date.
• The results of the NOW function change only when the worksheet is calculated or when a macro that contains the function is run. It is not updated continuously.
Errors:None
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
=NOW()
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
=NOW()
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
Syntax:
=YEARFRAC(start_date,end_date,[basis])
Arguments:
•start_date RequiredA date that represents the start date.
•end_date RequiredA date that represents the end date.
•basis OptionalThe type of day count basis to use.
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
Description:
• Calculates the fraction of the year represented by the number of whole days between two dates (the start_date and the end_date).
Remarks:
• Use the YEARFRAC worksheet function to identify the proportion of a whole year's benefits or obligations to assign to a specific term.
• Dates should be entered by using the DATE function, or as results of other formulas or functions.
• All arguments are truncated to integers.
Errors:
#VALUE – If start_date or end_date are not valid dates#NUM! – If basis < 0#NUM! – If basis > 4
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
=YEARFRAC(A2,A3,A4)
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
What is the fraction of the year between the two dates?
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
=YEARFRAC(A2,A3,A4)=0.583333333
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
What is the fraction of the year between the two dates?
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
Age Calculation in Excel
• http://www.fontstuff.com/excel/exltut01.htm
• Uses nested IF statements:– =IF(MONTH(TODAY())>MONTH(A1),YEAR(TODAY())-
YEAR(A1),IF(AND(MONTH(TODAY())=MONTH(A1),DAY(TODAY())>=DAY(A1)), YEAR(TODAY())-YEAR(A1),(YEAR(TODAY())-YEAR(A1))-1))
• Most precise way to calculate a person’s age given that you have the requisite information about the person’s birth date.
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
Management Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Chapter 6:Business Networks, Telecommunications
and the Internet
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology enables us to conclude transactions and to make payments quickly.
A) True
B) False
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology enables us to conclude transactions and to make payments quickly.
A)True
B) False
Ref. p 198
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
Dial-up connections through regular phone lines and Ethernet computer network connections are examples of ____.
A) wideband
B) broadband
C)shortband
D)baseband
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
Dial-up connections through regular phone lines and Ethernet computer network connections are examples of ____.
A) wideband
B) broadband
C)shortband
D)baseband
Ref. p 199
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
Optical fibers can carry signals over relatively shorter distances compared to other media.
A) True
B) False
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
Optical fibers can carry signals over relatively shorter distances compared to other media.
A) True
B)False
Ref p. 201
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
____ connect computers, printers, and other computer equipment for an office, several adjacent offices, an entire building or a campus.
A) MANs (metropolitan area networks)
B) WANs (wide area networks)
C)LANs (local area networks)
D)PANs (personal area networks)
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
____ connect computers, printers, and other computer equipment for an office, several adjacent offices, an entire building or a campus.
A) MANs (metropolitan area networks)
B) WANs (wide area networks)
C)LANs (local area networks)
D)PANs (personal area networks)
Ref. p 203
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
The most important and pervasive set of protocols for telecommunications and networks today is called ____.
A) SDLC
B) FTP
C)TCP/IP
D)NNTP
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
The most important and pervasive set of protocols for telecommunications and networks today is called ____.
A) SDLC
B) FTP
C)TCP/IP
D)NNTP
Ref. p 207
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
The process of associating a character-based name such as course.com with an IP address is called domain name resolution, and the domain name resolution service is DNS (Domain Name System).
A) True
B) False
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
The process of associating a character-based name such as course.com with an IP address is called domain name resolution, and the domain name resolution service is DNS (Domain Name System).
A)True
B) False
Ref. p 208
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
When a call is placed on a cellular phone, the signal is first transmitted to the closest ____, which sends a signal through landlines that dial the desired phone number.
A) transistor
B) cell band
C) transceiver
D)cell transistor
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
When a call is placed on a cellular phone, the signal is first transmitted to the closest ____, which sends a signal through landlines that dial the desired phone number.
A) transistor
B) cell band
C)transceiver
D)cell transistor
Ref. p 197
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
The purpose of ____ is to provide mobile communication that is compatible with IP services.
A) IrDA
B) MBWA
C)Bluetooth
D)WiMAX
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
The purpose of ____ is to provide mobile communication that is compatible with IP services.
A) IrDA
B)MBWA
C)Bluetooth
D)WiMAX
Ref. p 211
This presentation contains relevant information from MIS Chapter 6 as well as supplemental I.T. material about the Internet and Web contributed by all of the CIS100 professors.
Communications
43Management Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Communications
The process of sharing information, software,and hardware between two or more computers
Page 248Management Information Systems, Sixth
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© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
Telecommunications in Business
• Telecommunications: transmission of information from one point to another often over large distances
• Telephone, e-mail, and the Web rely on fast, reliable telecommunications
• Networking technologies have brought about several improvements to the business process
• Professionals should understand technology concepts – To participate in corporate decision making– In order to select networking equipment and services
• Bandwidth and networking media
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© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
Telecomm in Business (con’t)
• Improvements made possible by telecommunications:– Better business communication, including e-mail, voice mail,
instant messaging, faxing, file transfer, mobile telephony, and teleconferencing
– Greater efficiency: information delivery is immediate and not constrained by geographical distance
– Better distribution of data: central storage with both local and remote access
46Management Information Systems, Sixth
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© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
• Improvements made possible by telecommunications (continued):– Instant transactions, using Web and wireless technologies
– Flexible and mobile workforce: telecommuting and wireless connectivity for remote workers
– Alternative channels: voice, radio, television now available via the Web also
• Network security is a significant challenge, especially when you connect to the outside world via the Internet
47Management Information Systems, Sixth
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Telecomm in Business (con’t)
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
Telecommunications in Daily Use
• Cellular phones and PDAs
• Videoconferencing and telecommuting
• Wireless payments and use of RFID
• Peer-to-peer file sharing
• Web-enabled Commerce
48Management Information Systems, Sixth
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Cellular Phones
• Name is derived from areas of service, called cells
• Each cell has a computerized transceiver
• Can transmit and receive calls almost anywhere
• Cell phones provide other capabilities, including:– E-mail and faxing
– Web access
– GPS
– Digital cameras
• Major advantage is mobility
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Videoconferencing
• Videoconferencing: transmitted images and speech
• Brings together conference rooms that are thousands of miles apart
• Produces savings in multiple areas, including:– Travel
– Lodging
– Transportation
– Time
• Telecommuting for work
50Management Information Systems, Sixth
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© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
Wireless Payments and Warehousing
• Radio frequency identification (RFID): – Enables rapid transactions and payments– Used at gas stations for payment at pump– Used in vehicles for automatic road toll payment– Used to track and locate items in warehouses
51
RFID tag used for toll fee collection
Management Information Systems, Sixth Edition
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Peer-to-Peer File Sharing
• Peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing: used to locate and download files from any online computer through Internet using applications such as:– LimeWire
– BearShare
– KaZaa
– Morpheus
• Used extensively to download music and video files, often in violation of U.S. copyright laws
52Management Information Systems, Sixth
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© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
Web-Enabled Commerce
• Increasingly fast communication allows organizations and individuals to: – Conduct business
– Research
– Market
– Educate and train
– Shop, purchase, and pay
• Entire industries have been created by the Web, such as online exchanges and auctions
53Management Information Systems, Sixth
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© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
Converging Technologies
• Convergence occurs in networking technology
• Cell phones can act as Web phones using VoIP - as the Internet links become faster, the use of VoIP will grow
• Television sets will connect to Internet, cable, and satellites concurrently
• PDAs function as televisions sets and phones
• Portable music/video players will communicate with PCs to download files and transmit to wireless earphones
• Cell phones will read RFID on products to compare prices and make purchases
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Bandwidth - Terminology
• Bandwidth: speed (bit rate) at which data is communicated• Bits per second (bps): unit of measure for bandwidth
• Baseband: media carries only one transmission at a time• Broadband: carries multiple transmissions concurrently
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Media
• Several types of communications media
• Tangible media includes:
– Twisted pair cable
– Coaxial cable
– Optical fiber
• Intangible media includes:
– Microwave radio technologies
– Radio Frequency (RF)
56Microwave Tower
Management Information Systems, Sixth Edition
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
Media (con’t)
• Twisted pair cable: pairs of insulated copper wires twisted together– Twisting reduces electromagnetic interference (EMI)– Flexible, reliable, and low cost– Connects devices with RJ-45 connector plug– Called Ethernet cable or sometimes by specification such as CAT-5
57Management Information Systems, Sixth
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© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
Media (con’t)
• Coaxial cable: for cable television transmission– Used for Internet connections via cable
• Optical fiber: uses light to represent bits– Not susceptible to interference
– Can carry signals for longer distances
58Management Information Systems, Sixth
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Media (continued)
• RF technologies: use radio waves
– Popular examples: Wi-Fi and Bluetooth
• Microwaves: high-frequency radio waves that
can carry signals with high accuracy over long
distances
– Weather conditions may degrade the quality
– Microwave signals can be transmitted by satellite links
59Management Information Systems, Sixth
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© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
Media (continued)
• Electrical power lines: electrical power grid can be used for telecommunications
• Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) or Power Line Communication (PLC): telecommunications through electrical power lines
• When choosing a network media, you should consider:– Availability and reliability– Current and potential bandwidth– Vulnerability to electromagnetic interference (EMI) or radio
frequency interference (RFI)
60Management Information Systems, Sixth
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Media (con’t)
61Management Information Systems, Sixth
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© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
Networks and the Internet– Network - collection of computer devices connected together
Used to shareUsed to share
ResourcesResources
Hardware devices
Hardware devices
Software programs
Software programs
DataData Saves time and
money
Saves time and
moneyInformationInformation
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Networks
• Network: combination of devices (or nodes) connected through a communication media
• Any compatible device that can transmit and receive on a network can be part of a network
63Management Information Systems, Sixth
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© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
Types of Networks
• Computer networks are classified by:– Reach
– Complexity
• Scalability: ease of expanding a system
• Personal area network (PAN): wireless network designed for handheld and portable devices– Used by one or two people
– Transmission speed is slower
– Maximum distance is about 10 meters (32 feet)
64Management Information Systems, Sixth
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© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
Types of Networks (con’t)
• Local area network (LAN): established by a single organization and shared among employees– Server-based LAN: a single computer with a network operating
system (NOS) controls the entire network
– Peer-to-peer LAN: no central device controls the communications between the two computers
65Management Information Systems, Sixth
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© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
Types of Networks (con’t)
• Wireless LANs (WLANs) offer advantages: – Easier installation
– More scalable
– More flexible: equipment can be easily moved
• WLAN drawback: wireless networks are less secure
66Management Information Systems, Sixth
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© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
Types of Networks (con’t)
• Metropolitan area network (MAN): – Links multiple LANs within a large city
– Typically uses fiber optic or wireless broadband connections between LANs
• Wide area network (WAN): – Far-reaching system of networks composed of several LANs or
MANs
– May be public or private
– Sometimes referred to as a Global Area Network (GAN)
67Management Information Systems, Sixth
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© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
Types of Networks (con’t)
• Value-added networks (VANs): – Not really a type of network, but rather refers to a specific third-
party vendor that offers enhanced services
– Provide reliability, management, and maintenance of networks for an organization
• Internet service providers (ISPs): – Used by individuals to connect to the Internet
– Preferred method of conducting e-commerce
– Less costly than VANs
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© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
What is the Internet?– An Inter-connected network - worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of
businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
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What is the Internet?What is the Internet?
• Interconnected Network – the Largest in the World
• Highly Complex “Backbone” Structure
• Consists of Millions of Servers Around the Globe
• Decentralized Design - Independent Host Computers
• Originated with U.S. Dept. of Defense (ARPANet)-1969
• Advanced by National Supercomputer Center
• Experiencing Rapid Growth on a Global Scale
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Accessing the NetAccessing the Net
• Hardware - PC, Modem, and Network Link
• Internet Service Providers (ISP)– Comcast & SBC – 29.1 million users
– AOL, Earthlink, Qwest, RoadRunner, etc…
• Local, Regional, National ISP's (about 10,000 in all)– FindAnISP => www.findanisp.com
– The List => www.thelist.com
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Accessing the NetAccessing the Net
• Broadband – High Speed Access (56 million users in U.S.)– Cable
– xDSL
– Wireless
– Fiber Optic
At the end of 2007 , about 16.4% ofU.S. households were wireless only
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ISPs - FeaturesISPs - Features
• Ease of Installation
• Call Success Rate
• Broadband Access
• Network Download Speed
• Availability and Reliability
• Free Mailboxes and Personal Web Space
• Personalized Home Pages
• Customer Support
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How Does Data Travel?How Does Data Travel?
• Client / Server Relationship - WAN Backbone
• Traffic Travels in Small Pieces Called Packets
– Routers Move Packets on Fastest Available Path
– Larger Messages Often Split - Packet Switching
• Communications Protocol for Internet - TCP/IP
– Internet Protocol Addresses - 136.165.253.10
– Domain Name - louisville.edu
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Domain StructuresDomain Structures• Domain Name System (DNS) Server
– Route requests to the assigned Internet Protocol (IP) address
• Top-Level Domains– .com Commercial, Business, Company– .edu Educational Institution– .gov Government Agency– .mil Military Organization– .net Network or ISP– .org Non-Profit Organization– .int International Treaty Organizations– .arpa For addressing and routing parameters
– .tv New meaning to old phrase “boob tube”
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Domain StructuresDomain Structures• ICANN assigns Names and Numbers• Latest Domain Abbreviation Additions
– .aero Airline and Aerospace– .biz Other Business or Firm– .coop Cooperatives (750,000)– .info 19 Domain Name Registrars– .name Personal Web Sites and E-mail– .museum Accredited Museums– .pro Professionals - Lawyers, Doctors
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Key ComponentsKey Components
• Electronic Mail (E-mail) and Mailing Lists
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and Telnet
• Newsgroups (Usenet) and List Servers
• Chat Rooms– “I Seek You” (ICQ)
– AOL - Instant Messaging (AIM)
– Computer Conferencing (IRC)
• World Wide Web (WWW) and Web Portals
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Worldwide WebWorldwide Web
• Way to Organize Vast Array of Info Resources– Textual Documents
– Graphical Images
– Video
– Animation
– Sound
• Relatively Easy to Navigate from Site to Site
• Often Referred to as “Browsing” or “Surfing”
• The graphical interface which we use to “Browse”
• Created in 1991 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee at CERN
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Worldwide Web
A Web site is a collection of
related Web pages
A Web site is a collection of
related Web pages
A Web page contains text, graphics, audio, video, and links to other Web pages
A Web page contains text, graphics, audio, video, and links to other Web pages
You can share information by
creating Web pages or posting photos on
a photo sharingcommunity
You can share information by
creating Web pages or posting photos on
a photo sharingcommunity
Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet
A blog consists of time-stamped articles in
a journal format
A blog consists of time-stamped articles in
a journal format
A podcast is recorded audio
stored on a Web sitethat can be
downloaded
A podcast is recorded audio
stored on a Web sitethat can be
downloaded
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Web ServersWeb ServersPercent of MarketPercent of Market
Source: http://news.netcraft.com/archives/web_server_survey.htmlSource: http://news.netcraft.com/archives/web_server_survey.html
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Web BrowsersWeb Browsers
• Software which Provides Graphical Interface• Dozens of Browsers Available
– Microsoft Internet Explorer Leads the Market– Mozilla Firefox (v3) is a Great Choice– Others: AOL, Chrome, Lynx, Mosaic, Opera, Safari
• Key Features– Bookmarks for Favorite Sites– Electronic Mail (E-mail)– Newsgroup Reader
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Browser Market ShareBrowser Market Share
http://marketshare.hitslink.com/firefox-market-share.aspx?qprid=0&sample=28Management Information Systems, Sixth
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Web Plug-InsWeb Plug-Ins
• Downloads to enhance your browsing experience
Adobe Reader
Adobe Flash Player
Adobe Shockwave
Apple Quicktime
Real Player
Sun Microsystems Java
Windows Media Player
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Multimedia on the WebMultimedia on the Web
• Graphics– Common Formats - JPEG, GIF
– Others - PNG, TIFF, PCX, BMP
• Animation - animated GIF
• Audio – AVI, WAV, AU, MP3
• Video – MPEG3, MPEG4
• Virtual Reality - VRML
Source: http://www.ct4me.net/images/Multimedia.gif
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Keep Me Updated
Really Simple Syndication (or simply RSS) is a family of Web feed formats used to publish frequently updated works such as blog (Web log) entries, news headlines, audio, and video in a standardized format.
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Content FilteringContent Filtering
• Software Products to Restrict Access– CyberPatrol 7.0– SafeSurf– Net Nanny
• Scanning Options– List of “Offensive” Sites– Inappropriate Words– Positive Filtration
• ISP => www.bsinet.net
• McAfee Parental Controls• Norton Parental Control• PAL Computer
Surveillance
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Electronic MailElectronic Mail
• Most Popular Feature of the Net– Cost-Effective
– Highly Efficient
• Sending and Receiving E-mail– Virtually Unlimited Communication with Others
– Requires an Address ([email protected])
– Ability to Attach any Type of Digitized File
• Sometimes can be Quite Slow
• Delivery not Guaranteed
Source: http://www.perb.state.ny.us/images/email.gifManagement Information Systems, Sixth Edition
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E-mail SoftwareE-mail Software• Requires a Client Program
– Features - Create, Read, Attach File, Address Book
– Products - Eudora, Netscape, Notes, Outlook, Pegasus
• Mail Servers– Messages Stored in a Server Mailbox and Accessed
via
a Web Service (GMail, Hotmail, OneBox, Yahoo!)
– Sun Microsystems - Internet Mail Server
– Microsoft - Exchange Server
– Protocols - POP / POP3 (Download), SMTP (Upload)
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E-mail “Netiquette”E-mail “Netiquette”
• Keep Your Replies Clear and Concise
• Use Short Sentences and Paragraphs
• Place a Blank Line After Each Paragraph
• Use Common Acronyms and Abbreviations
• DON’T USE ALL CAPITAL LETTERS!!!
• Refrain from Lots of Quoted Material
• Try to Stick with One or Two Basic Ideas
• Avoid Sending or Posting “Flames”
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EmoticonsEmoticons
Wink ;) ;-)
Smile :) :-)
Frown :( :-(
Laugh or Grin :D :-D
Surprised :o :-o
Kiss :* :-*
Lips Are Sealed :x :-x
Sticking Out Tongue :P :-P
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Common Abbreviations…LOL!
• ROFL…………….Rolling on the Floor Laughing• LMAO……………Laughing My A$$ Off• LTMQ……………Laughing To Myself Quietly• JJ, JK…………… Just Joking, Just Kidding• WTF……………...What The Flip• BTW……………...By The Way• BRB………………Be Right Back• TTYL……………..Talk To You Later• ILY………………..I Love You• CUL8R……………See Ya Later!
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Top Five Search Sites for 2010Top Five Search Sites for 2010
• Google 71.43%
• Yahoo! 14.43%
• Bing 9.86%
• Ask 2.32%
• AOL 1.19%Give Microsoft’s new Bing intelligent search engine a try - you will likely be impressed!
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Search EnginesSearch Engines
• Selecting a Search Engine => NoodleTools Resources
• Enter Key Word(s) as search criteria
• Click hyperlink to navigate to the desired URL
• Refine Search Criteria as desired 37.com• More Tips - using Advanced Help
• Over 1 trillion Web pages now indexed
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Advanced SearchAdvanced Search
• All the Web => http://www.alltheweb.com/advanced?advanced=1&
• Bing Explore => http://www.bing.com/explore?FORM=BXLH
• Exalead => http://www.exalead.com/search/web/
• Google - Palm Edition => www.google.com/pda
• Images => www.altavista.com/image/default
• Open Directory Project => www.dmoz.org
• Yahoo => http://search.yahoo.com/web/advanced
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Some Top-Rated Web Sites
• 100 Best Web Sites => www.100bestwebsites.org• PCMag Top 100 of 2010 =>
http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2367622,00.asp • Forbes Best of the Web => www.forbes.com/bow• Most Addictive =>
http://netforbeginners.about.com/od/weirdwebculture/tp/The-Most-Addictive-Websites.htm
• Time Magazine 50 Best 2009 => http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/0,28757,2012721,00.html
• Web 100 => www.web100.com
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File Transfer ProtocolFile Transfer Protocol
• Facilitates Upload and Download of Files
• Provides Access to Large Number of Databases
• Login as Anonymous with E-mail Address
• FAQ => www.ftpplanet.com/ftpresources/ftp_faq.html
• Search FTP Sites– ArchiePlex => www.uhb.fr/services/archieplex.html
– Fast FTP Search => www.lanet.lv/cgi-bin/archieplex
– Monster FTP List => www.ftpsearchengines.com
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GophersGophers
• Internet Navigation via Menu-Based Selection
• Simple Protocol for Tunneling the Net
• Searching “Gopherspace”
– Galaxy => www.galaxy.com
– U of M Gophers => www1.umn.edu
– VERONICA (Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Netwide Index to
Computerized Archives ) www.netlingo.com/lookup.cfm?
term=gopherspace
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List ServersList Servers
• Basically a Mailing List
• Function Similar to Newsgroups
• Not Intended for Advertising
• Internet Chat Rooms
– Approximately 40,000 Unique Channels
– Internet Relay Chat (IRC) => www.icq.com
– IRC Networks and Server List => www.irchelp.org
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Usenet NewsgroupsUsenet Newsgroups
• Discussion Groups Covering Virtually Every Topic
• Like Bulletin Boards - Open to Anyone with Access
• Share Information and Opinions on Almost Anything
• Differ Widely in Subject and Style (30,000+) – Yahoo Groups => groups.yahoo.com
– Reference.com Search => www.reference.com
– Usenet => www.usenet.com
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Social Networking
Newest addiction(s) for the masses…
• FriendSter
• Flickr
• LinkedIn!
• MySpace
• SecondLife
• YouTube
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Worldwide Internet Usagehttp://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
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Internet World StatsInternet World Stats
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
Why do users access the Net?
2. Research Information
3. Shopping
4. Personal Finance
5. Education
6. Entertainment
1. Communication (Email)
7. Download Music and Videos
8. Share Information
9. Obtain Software
10. Get Help
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Web-based ActivitiesWeb-based Activities
Entertainment
News
Travel
Business & Finance
Health & Medical
Shopping & Classfields
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Future of the NetFuture of the Net
• Cheaper, Faster Access– Moving from Dial to Broadband– Wireless - 2.4 GHz Cellular
• Integrated Data and Voice– Voice Over IP (VOIP)– IP-based Telephony
• Research and Development Projects– Internet2 (I2)– IPv6– Next Generation Internet (NGI)
Source: http://blaugh.com/cartoons/061121_back_in_my_day.gifManagement Information Systems, Sixth Edition
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Summary
• Telecommunications is communication over distance
• Telecomm has changed businesses and consumer habits– Electronic mail
– Web-enabled Commerce
• Different media have different bandwidths
• Networks classified according to reach and complexity
• Telecommunications technologies are converging
• Increasing numbers of employees now telecommute from home or use videoconferencing at work to communicate
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Management Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Chapter 7:Databases and Data Warehouses
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
There are two overall approaches to maintaining data: the traditional file approach—which has no mechanism for tagging, retrieving, and manipulating data—and the ____, which does have this mechanism.
A) database approach
B) data approach
C)datafile approach
D) indexed file approach
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
There are two overall approaches to maintaining data: the traditional file approach—which has no mechanism for tagging, retrieving, and manipulating data—and the ____, which does have this mechanism.
A)database approach
B) data approach
C)datafile approach
D) indexed file approach
Ref. p 234
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
A database itself is a collection of several related files, but DBMSs do all the work—structuring files, storing data, and linking records.
A) True
B) False
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
A database itself is a collection of several related files, but DBMSs do all the work—structuring files, storing data, and linking records.
A)True
B) False
Ref. P. 236
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
The very fact that manipulation of the data requires a programmer is probably the greatest disadvantage of the ____.
A) information file approach
B) file approach
C)database approach
D) indexed file approach
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
The very fact that manipulation of the data requires a programmer is probably the greatest disadvantage of the ____.
A) information file approach
B)file approach
C)database approach
D) indexed file approach
Ref. p 234
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
To link records from one table with records of another table, the tables must have at least one field in common, and that field must be a ____ field for one of the tables.
A) composite key
B) main key
C) foreign key
D)primary key
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
To link records from one table with records of another table, the tables must have at least one field in common, and that field must be a ____ field for one of the tables.
A) composite key
B) main key
C) foreign key
D)primary key
Ref. p 240
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
Data is accessed in a database by sending messages called “protocols,” which request data from specific records and/or fields and direct the computer to display the results.
A) True
B) False
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
Data is accessed in a database by sending messages called “protocols,” which request data from specific records and/or fields and direct the computer to display the results.
A) True
B)False
Ref. P. 237
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
A ____ is the general logical structure in which records are stored within a database and the method used to establish relationships among the records.
A) database relationship
B) database model
C)database list
D)database catalog
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
A ____ is the general logical structure in which records are stored within a database and the method used to establish relationships among the records.
A) database relationship
B)database model
C)database list
D)database catalog
Ref. p 238
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
A schema describes the structure of the database being designed: the names and types of fields in each record type and the general relationships among different sets of records or files.
A) True
B) False
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
A schema describes the structure of the database being designed: the names and types of fields in each record type and the general relationships among different sets of records or files.
A)True
B) False
Ref. p 244
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
While a transactional database contains current data, which is disposed of after some time, the data in ____ is accumulated and might reflect many years of business activities.
A) data warehouses
B) data carts
C) information bases
D) information repositories
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
While a transactional database contains current data, which is disposed of after some time, the data in ____ is accumulated and might reflect many years of business activities.
A)data warehouses
B) data carts
C) information bases
D) information repositories
Ref. p 248
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
Because of capacity needs, organizations often choose ____ to store and manage data warehouses.
A) midrange servers
B) high speed networks
C)mainframe computers with multiple CPUs
D)workstations
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
Because of capacity needs, organizations often choose ____ to store and manage data warehouses.
A) midrange servers
B) high speed networks
C)mainframe computers with multiple CPUs
D)workstations
Ref. p 250
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
There are two phases involved in building a data warehouse from transactional data: extraction and transforming.
A) True
B) False
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
There are two phases involved in building a data warehouse from transactional data: extraction and transforming.
A) True
B)False
Ref. p 251
© 2011 REACH-CRC. All Rights Reserved.
Largely sequential or indexed file structures
Virtually no mechanisms for tagging, retrieving, or
manipulating data
• Many constraints:
– Program-data dependency
– High degree of data redundancy
– Low data integrity
Accuracy Consistency Timeliness
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The Traditional File Approach
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The Traditional File Approach
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What is a Database?
Definitions offered by Dictionary.com:
◦ A comprehensive collection of related data
that is organized for convenient access
◦ Arranged for ease of use and speed of searches as
well as retrieval of desired information
◦ May include a file cabinet, telephone book, etc.
◦ A computerized database has been likened to an
electronic file cabinet of information arranged
for easy access or for a specific purpose
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Provides powerful mechanism for managing and manipulating data
• Data organized as entities
• Entity: an object about which an organization chooses to collect data, such as:
– People
– Events
– Products
• Keys are used to form links amongst entities
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The Database Approach
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Hierarchy of Data
Refers to the systematic organization of data
within a database, often hierarchical Bit (combination of binary digits – 0 and 1) Character (or Byte) – smallest component Field (or Data Element) – a column Record – group of related fields Table (or File) – group of related records Database – group of related tables
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• Database fields can hold information, images,
sounds, video clips, etc.
• Field name allows easy access to the data
• Database management system (DBMS): a
specialized program used to:– Create databases
– Populate a database with data
– Organize, secure, and manage the data
– Manipulate data stored within a database
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The Database Approach
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Database Software
Abbreviated as “DB” in technology circles
Database Management System (DBMS)◦ Used to Organize, Store and Retrieve Data
◦ Many software products available Freeware / Shareware / Open Source
Spreadsheets: Lotus 1-2-3, Microsoft Excel
Smaller applications use MS Access, MySQL, etc.
Industrial strength or mission critical applications typically
use SQLServer or Oracle DBMS software
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DB Software - Microsoft Access
Widely available on Windows-based PCs Packaged with premium copies of MS Office Familiar look and feel (Windows-based) Relatively inexpensive vs. other DBMS Easy to construct a simple database Can build more complex structures It is a true relational DBMS
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What is a Relational DB?
A collection of tables from which data can
be accessed in a variety of ways without the
need to further reorganize structure
Once relationships are established, we can
link the tables together to determine:
◦ Which students are enrolled in a class
◦ What products are sold in a retail store
◦ What stocks are in an investment portfolio
Management Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Database Structure
• Field– A single item of data common to all records
– Occurs as a specific column within a table
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Database Structure
• Record– Collection of data about an individual item
– Occurs as a specific row within a table
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Database Structure
• Table– A set of related records
– Also called a file (or perhaps even a worksheet)
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• Query: a message to the database requesting data from
specific records and/or fields– Produces a subset of data matching the criteria
– Structured Query Language (SQL)
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Accessing Data in a DB
A Microsoft Access query based on table on previous slides
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• Databases must be properly secured– Not everyone should have access to all data
– Users will have different views of the database, based on the
data they are allowed to access
– Business unit managers establish security policies and
Database Administrators implement the rules
– Ownership (business unit) vs. custodianship (IT)
– A poorly secured database leads to many problems
– Much information subject to legal and regulatory constraints –
FERPA, HIPPA, SOX, etc.
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The Database Approach
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Data Dictionary
• Special type of file within a DBMS
• Centralized repository of information about data such as meaning, relationships, format:– List of all tables in the database
– Number of records in each file
– Names and attributes of each field
• Most critical component of a DBMS, since it contains metadata for access and management
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Database Design
• Should be done by qualified people such as
Database Administrators or DB Analysts
• Questions that need to be asked include:– What do we have? (Input)
– What do we want? (Output)
– What do we need to get there? (Process)
– What needs to be kept? (Store)
– How are we going to build it? (Program)
– Who uses the data and how? (Security)
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Who Collects Data and Why?
• Businesses– To be competitive– Data becomes a strategic asset – Marketing firms and banks want to know more about:
• customers
• competitors, and
• themselves
• Research/Scientific institutions• Government
– Biometrics: fingerprint and retina scan– Protect against terrorism– Identify tax fraud
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Where does data come from?
• Retail transactions
– Supermarkets - inventory updated
– Credit card transaction recorded
– Loyalty/discount card used
– Purchases at gas stations
• Manufacturing, operations, production
• Research – corporate, government, and
educational institutions
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What is Data Mining?
• Finding and extracting interesting data to
make decisions and predict outcomes
• Databases
– Transactional / Operational / Production
– Scientific and engineering
– Object-oriented
• Data warehouses
• World Wide Web (WWW)
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• Target marketing, market basket analysis, and
consumer profiling
– Finding “model” customers who have similar
characteristics - interests, income, spending
– Determine which customers buy what products
• Forecasting and customer retention
– Identifying customers who are likely to switch the
phone service
– Then giving them the right incentives to stay
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Data Mining Applications
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• Risk analysis and management– Assessing the financial viability of companies
• Fraud detection and management– Auto insurance, money laundering, telephone fraud, credit
card fraud
– Identify people who stage accidents to collect on insurance
– Detect illegitimate credit cards transactions
• Loan granting decisions– Financial institutions – assess creditworthiness of customers
for home mortgages and other loans
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More Data Mining Applications
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Three-Tier Architecture
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Three-Tier Architecture
Client◦ Presentation layer (usually a GUI), simple logic for
control purposes, input validation, etc.
◦ May be a “thin” (browser only) or “fat” PC
Application (or Web)◦ Processing logic for business rules and data access
◦ A “farm” consists of more than one server
Database◦ Organize, store and retrieve business data
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• Organizations collect vast amounts of data
• Database approach has several advantages over
traditional file approach
• Hierarchy of data
• Metadata and data dictionary
• Database management system (DBMS): tool to
construct databases
• Three-tier architecture
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Summary
Management Information Systems, Sixth Edition
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