Circulatory System Notes in class

Text work: Chapter 11: 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4. Pages 476 - 500 & chapter review

Disorders and diseases

hemophiliaHIVWest Nile diseasecoronary

malariaheart attackhigh blood pressurevaricose veins

Main Processes

vessels arteries and veinspump heart blood pressureblood transport of food, gasses, waste, hormones; defense (immune system); clotting

Notes:

Systems:

unicellular and simple multicellular animals: these are small enough that they dont need a full system to deliver gasses and nutrients to all cells

ex: sponge

larger animals need a system because:

functions:delivers:

removes:

also: regulates heat and temperature

open circulatory system

note: the heart is a simple pump, there are some vessels, but basically the blood floats through muscles.

Why is this not as efficient?

closed circulatory system

vessels keep the blood from tissues, capillaries take blood cells around tissues that need the blood.

hearts differ, but basically have atria (atrium) and ventricles.

Complete the following table by finding types of animals that have different systems

Open systeminteresting factClosed systeminteresting fact:

animal name

Two circuit systems:

Explain the difference between pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation:

Questions: answer p481 (11.1): 1-4, 5b.Summary: (write down the key idea / concept)

BloodIt consists of 3 main parts: _______ is a straw coloured fluid and makes up 55% of the blood volume 44% of the blood volume consists of ____________ 1% of blood volume consists of ________ and _______ (but mostly _______)

Plasma plasmas main function is to act a s a liquid medium so that various dissolved substances can be moved throughout the body these include ______________________________________________________

40 45% of carbon dioxide is carried by _________, but the remainder is dissolved in the _______ when CO2 dissolves in the water that makes up plasma, it forms carbonic acid (H2CO3), which then dissociates into bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and hydrogen ions (H+) by converting CO2 into H2CO3, carbon dioxide levels are kept low in the plasma this means that there is a higher concentration of carbon dioxide inside the cells, so carbon dioxide will continue to diffuse out and into the plasma when blood reaches the lungs the CO2 is unloaded form the RBCs and the plasma

White Blood Cells they have nuclei macrophages travel through capillary walls and into tissues to consume pathogens, part of the innate immune response (general response to infection) lymphocytes T-cells and B-cells, are specific for the antigen and are acquired immunity

Red Blood Cells enucleated, biconcave disks (nucleus takes up room) they last about 120 days contain hemoglobin for transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide Platelets involved in the clotting process

Questions: answer page 486 (11.2): 1,2,3,4,5,

Summary: (write down the key idea / concept)

Blood Vessels

longest vessel:widest vessel:total length of all vessels:

General Blood Flow pattern:

Heart Large Arteries Smaller Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Small Veins Large Veins Heart

-arteries (away from heart, high blood pressure)-pulmonary artery is unique in that:________________________-arterioles:

-vasoconstriction:

-vasodilation:

-veins (towards heart, have valves, low blood pressure)-pulmonary vein is unique in that it has ____________ blood-venules

-capillaries (to individual cells, materials diffuse across)

key terms for vessels:termmeaning example

superior

pulmonary

hepatic

brachial

renal

coronary

iliac

femoral

carotid

maxillary

temporal

-blood pressure:systolic pressure when the left ventricle closes -- this is the highest pressure-- blood travels fast diastolic pressure the pressure immediately before the ventricles contract-- this is the lowest pressure during the heart cycle

blood pressure is measured in systolic diastolic

normal is 120/80.

Greater heart rates cause more volume to be pumped in the system, causing higher pressure.

lymphatic system-helps balance fluid in the body-filter bacteria and viruses-spleen a reservoir for lymph fluid, and blood cells

heart -pulse is caused by the vibrations from closing ventricles-heart rate is measured in beats per minute-resting heart rate is done after 5 minutes of sittingQuestions: answer p 494 (11.3): 1,2,3,4,5,10answer p 500 (11.4): 1-5

Summary:

Diagrams:

Complete the following concept map using the terms provided at the bottom of this page.

Match each term on the left with the most appropriate description on the right.1. Aorta 2. Vasodilation 3. Serum 4. Hypertension 5. Arterioles 6. Vasoconstriction 7. Diastolic pressure 8. Venules 9. Systolic pressure

(a) Plasma with proteins and other components removed(b) The main artery carrying blood away from the heart(c) Vessels that carry blood to the capillaries(d) Relaxing of vessel walls(e) Constriction of vessel walls that restricts blood flow(f) Vessel that carries blood from capillaries to veins(g) High blood pressure(h) Taken when heart is at rest(i) Taken when heart is constricting

1. Thymus 2. Pus 3. Anemia 4. Spleen 5. Platelets 6. Erythrocytes 7. Lymph nodes 8. Plasma 9. Leukocytes 10. Lymph

(a) A condition caused by too little iron in the blood(b) Cell fragments that help in blood clotting(c) Waste created by white blood cells(d) Blood cells that fight disease or foreign bodies(e) Blood cells that carry nutrients to cells(f) A gland that helps leukocyte development(g) Reservoir of leukocytes and erythrocytes(h) Point in lymph vessel where bacteria is removed(i) Tissue fluid to be returned to blood(j) Protein-rich liquid in which blood cells are suspended

2 page

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