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Circulatory system disorders
Arteriosclerosis - describes various disorders in which walls of
the arteries thicken and become harder - common type is artheriosclerosis in which
plaque (fatty deposits, calcium, etc.) builds up - can cause blood clots, heart attack, stroke
(when plaque ruptures)
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Artheriosclerosis – what to do?
- - Prevent the formation of clots (e.g. aspirin)
- - angioplasty- tube in clogged artery- - coronary bypass – healthy artery
replaced clogged one (or several)
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Aneurysm
- a weakened area in an arterial wall - environmental and genetic causes - a burst aneurysm leads to internal bleeding,
often death
Treated by removal and grafting a ‘patch’ of synthetic material
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Arrythmia
- problem with the speed or rhythn of the heartbeat
-can lead to insufficient blood supply to brain or other organs
Treated with medication or implanting an artificial pacemaker that transmits an electrical impulse when heartbeat is abnormal
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Disorders of the blood
Hemophilia – insufficient or missing clotting proteins (Factor VIII) in the blood
- - inherited, life-threatening- - can be treated with injections of Factor
VIII
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Anemia – blood contains fewer than normal healthy red blood cells
- - Caused by blood loss or red blood cells that don’t contain enough hemoglobin
- - usually mild (fatigue, headaches, cold hands and feet, etc.)
- - if chronic – could be deadly
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Leukemia – cancer of WBC or leukocytes- Two types (myeloid (too many leukocytes)
and lymphatic (cancer of lymphocytes)
- -can be sudden and quick death- -treated by blood transfusions, bone
marrow transplant and chemotherapy
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Lymphatic System
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The Lymphatic system
A complex network of organs that work to rid the body of infection
Lymph, a transparent fluid that contains white blood cells (leukocytes), circulates through us
It filters out and engulfs foreign bodies (ex. bacteria, viruses)
Macrophages: white blood cells that seek and destroy foreign cells
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Components of the lymphatic system
Bone marrow – all type of blood cells are manufactured here
Spleen – just below the diaphragm; a reservoir for blood and filters lymph
Thymus gland – in front of the trachea; where lymphocytes mature