CirculatoryCirculatoryExcretory Excretory SystemSystem

By:By:KnoxKnox

PURPOSE

• Move blood, nutrients throughout the body.

• Filters• Composed of• Heart • Vessels (vascular)• Kidneys• Skin• Lymphatic system

To Know for Test• Function- circulatory/excretory system• Heart structures- venae cavae (superior,

inferior), pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, aorta, atrioventricular valves, aortic valve, pulmonary valve, atrium, ventricles.

• Flow of blood in heart and body (arrows)• Function of major blood vessels. (location of

flow through out the body)• Systemic system, Pulmonary system• Normal blood pressure- what #’s mean?• Major organs- circulatory & excretory

system

Vocabulary list• circulatory system heart• atria (atrium) ventricle• venae cavae (superior, inferior) • pulmonary arteries pulmonary vein• aorta arteries• veins capillaries• pulmonary circulation• systemic circulation blood• blood pressure

Vocabulary list

• red blood cells white blood cells

• plasma platelets

• excretory system kidney

• ureter urinary bladder

• nephrons filtration

• Bowman’s capsule urethra

On Test!

Structure

Atrioventricular valves

Atrioventricular valves

Inferior/lower Vena Cava

Superior/upper Vena Cava

Right Pulmonary Arteries

Right Pulmonary Left Pulmonary Arteries

Left

Ascending

Descending Aorta

Atrioventricular valves

Atrioventricular valves

Fig. 30-6 p. 659 Iguana

PATHWAYS OF CIRCULATION

•Pulmonary circulation carries blood between heart & lungs

•Systemic circulation carries blood from heart to rest of body. (Starts at left ventricle and ends at right atrium)

Fig. 30-5 p. 658 Iguana

• http://science.howstuffworks.com/heart2.htm Blood flow in body.

• http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=463638 Blood replacement time?

• Carry blood AWAY from the heart.

• Arteries withstand high pressure-thick

• Arteries carry oxygen rich blood. except for pulmonary arteries,

• Carry blood Carry blood BACK BACK to heart. to heart. • Blood flowing through veins gets pushed from Blood flowing through veins gets pushed from

contractions of skeletal muscles.contractions of skeletal muscles.• Valves do not allow blood to back up.Valves do not allow blood to back up.

Capillaries small thin walled blood vessels allow materials to diffuse between blood and tissues.

So small, blood cells single file.

Fact• If you stretch out all If you stretch out all

the veins, arteries, the veins, arteries, capillaries, and blood capillaries, and blood vessels it would be 50-vessels it would be 50-100,000 miles, almost 100,000 miles, almost 1/3-1/2 the distance to 1/3-1/2 the distance to the moon.the moon.

The Heart-(cardiac muscle)

The Heart Hollow, muscular organ

Contracts at regular intervals approx 72 beats/min.

Circulates blood

The Heart

Enclosed in protective sac-pericardium

Thought as two pumps side by side

Size of fist- grows as fist grows.

Atria- receive blood- TOP

Ventricles -pump out blood BOTTOM

On Test!

Structure

Atrioventricular valves

Atrioventricular valves

Inferior/lower Vena Cava

Superior/upper Vena Cava

Right Pulmonary Arteries

Right Pulmonary Left Pulmonary veins

Left

Ascending

Descending Aorta

Red- Oxygenated

blood

Left SideReceives oxygen

blood from lungs- Pulmonary vein atrium ventricleContractions

force blood from ventricle into AortaSends blood to

body, up & down

Blue- Deoxygenated

blood

Right SideHeart relaxes -pressure forces blood into atrium

Receives blood (Vena cava)

Superior VC -upper body

Inferior VC- lower body

Heart contracts -blood squeezed into ventricle

Blood forced into lungs- Pulmonary artery.

By Pass surgery

Size- Females 9.5 ounces, males 10.5 (men have larger bodies)

The average adult beats 70 times/min

Heart pumps roughly all blood- every minute

Average human 5-6 quarts of blood.

Heart beats approx. 38 million times/year = 700,000 gallons of blood

Olympic pool = 650,000 gallons

By 70 years old, on average, it beats

2.5 billion times! = 48 million gallons!

Heart weighs less than ¾ pound, size of fist!!!!

o Heartbeat starts right atrium in a small group of cells- nickname “pacemaker”

o Pacemaker contracts, send signals to left and right atrium, which then contracts

o Next the right and left ventricle contracts

o Ventricles force blood out.http://science.howstuffworks.com/heart3.htm

Check heart rate

“River of Life”• Blood- liquid connective tissue,

fluid medium of circulatory system.

• Humans- 4 to 6 liters (1-1.5 gallons)

• 45% living cells

• 55% is plasma- mostly water, contains proteins

• Erythrocytes- red blood cells

• Has no nucleus

• Transports oxygen

• Leukocytes – white blood cells, immune system (leukemia?)

•Red Blood cells- 500 red blood cells to 1 white blood cells

• Live for 120 days• 2 million red blood cells die/sec

• White Blood cells (B-cells)-

Produced by bone marrow, immune

PLASMA• 90% water

• 10% dissolved fats, salts, sugar, and plasma proteins

• Tiny fragments of other cells.

• Life span=5-9 days,

• Activated for clotting.

Blood Pressure• Blood Pressure- measure

of force blood exerts against vessel walls.

• Autonomic nervous system regulates

• Systolic- beats, blood out <120

• Diastolic- rests, blood flows in <80

120

80

What do the numbers mean?• Smaller opening = higher pressure (spraying

garden hose with finger over opening- less water comes out!)

• Systolic (1/3 cycle)- Heart beating- High- chances increase for heart problems all ages- especially older

• Diastolic (2/3 cycle) - Heart resting-High- good predictor heart attack for young adults & all ages

• Wide spread between both #’s = not good!

American Heart Association recommended blood pressure levels

Blood pressure Systolic (mm/Hg)

Diastolic (mm/Hg)

Normal LESS than 120 LESS than 80

Prehypertension 120–139 80–89

High

Stage 1 140–159 90–99

Stage 2 160 or higher 100 or higher

Why High Pressure Bad?

• Think of a garden hose that is clogged, constant/continuous HIGH water pressure could blow out the hose, same for blood vessels, plus the heart has to work more, weakens the heart.

Weak area, could burst

The Excretory SystemThe Excretory System

Kidneys, skinKidneys, skinCleans blood. Cleans blood. Gets rid excess water, salt, wastes. Gets rid excess water, salt, wastes. Urine.Urine.Regulates NaCl = regulates blood pressure Regulates NaCl = regulates blood pressure

Daily - 50 gallons blood flow through kidneys.Daily - 50 gallons blood flow through kidneys.Filter blood every 30 minutes.Filter blood every 30 minutes.Kidneys- 1,000,000 nephrons- little mini-Kidneys- 1,000,000 nephrons- little mini-

organs/filters. organs/filters.

KIDNEYS

Located both sides of the spine between thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

***Kidney***• Bean shaped

• Size- fist

• Very important, filters blood

Adrenal glands

The Skin

• Your body works best Your body works best at about 98.6at about 98.6ooF. F.

• Homeostasis- sweats Homeostasis- sweats out wastes (excretes)out wastes (excretes)

Sweat Gland

Lymphatic System

• Immune system filters blood of pathogens/harmful organisms.

To Know for Test• Function- circulatory/excretory system• Heart structures- venae cavae (superior,

inferior), pulmonary arteries, pulmonary vein, aorta, atrioventricular valves, aortic valve, pulmonary valve, atrium, ventricles.

• Flow of blood in heart and body (arrows)• Function of major blood vessels. (flow

through out the body)• Systemic system, Pulmonary system• Normal blood pressure- what #’s mean?• Major organs- circulatory & excretory

system

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