Circular Economy Improving the Management of Natural...
Transcript of Circular Economy Improving the Management of Natural...
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Circular Economy – Improving the Management of Natural
Resources Green Week Side Session 7 Brussels, June 5, 2014 Martin Lehmann World Resources Forum
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Content
• Booklet Circular Economy for Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences (SATW)
• Success Factors for a CE
• Case countries China, Germany, Switzerland
• Short analysis and comparison
• Recommendations
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Circular Economy - background
• One concept among many in the sustainability area
• A number of success factors (see next slide)
• Different approaches by different countries
• Not only about technology and waste management – economic, social, political, even cultural or ethical aspects
• Close collaboration of science, governments, economy and other stakeholders needed
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Circular Economy – Success Factors
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Circular Economy – most relevant success factors
• Non-restrictive governmental structure
• New business models
• Skills – specially educated experts
• Set of comparable indicators
• Reliable monitoring system
• International standards
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Case country China – Township building
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CE in China – Township building
• CE development strategy formally accepted by central government of China in 2002
• Concept of CE used to leapfrog into a more sustainable economic structure
• Efforts at different levels (macro, meso, micro)
“Leapfrogging” refers to a theory of development which may accelerate development by skipping inferior, less efficient, more expensive or more polluting technologies and industries and move directly to more advanced ones (Wikipedia).
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CE in China – Structure of CE practices
Micro (single object) Meso (symbiosis
association)
Macro (city,
province, state)
Production area Cleaner production;
Eco-design
Eco-industrial park;
Eco-agricultural
system
Regional eco-
industrial network
Consumption
area
Green purchase and
consumption
Environmentally
friendly park
Renting service
Waste
management
area
Product recycle
system
Waste trade market;
Venous industrial
park*
Urban symbiosis
Other support Policies and laws; information platform; capacity-building; NGOs
Table 1: Structure of the CE practices in China *"Venous industries" refers to industries that turn solid industrial waste into reusable resources, which will then be used in production once again” (China Daily, 2007)
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CE in Germany – Decoupling waste from economic growth
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CE in Germany – Decoupling waste from economic growth
• Paradigm shift from waste management towards the model of CE took place
• Economic benefits; job creation
• EU provisions «Avoidance and Recovery»
• Waste seen as a resource
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CE in Switzerland – Incentives and negotiation with international focus
• Waste management – polluter-pays principle
• High rate of separate collection of waste, especially for glass, aluminium and paper
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CE in Switzerland – Incentives and negotiation with international focus
• 60% of impacts of goods in CH is impacting foreign countries due to import
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CE in Switzerland – Incentives and negotiation with international focus
• Integrated Product Policy (IPP)
• Broadening the cost-by-cause principle to entire lifecycle of products
• Action Plan Green Economy 2010 by the Swiss Federal Council with 4 key areas: – Consumption and Production
– Waste and Resources
– Overall instruments
– Goal, measurements, information and reporting
• Revision of «Environment Protection Law» in 2013
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CE in Switzerland – Incentives and negotiation with international focus
“Recycle to produce new goods, repair existing products as much as you can, focus on the benefit of a product instead of the product itself, and start to share products
and services wherever you can – like in the old days with the collective baking ovens”
(Expert of FOEN 2013).
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Analysis and Comparison
• Different preconditions in China, Germany and CH to implement CE concepts
• China: huge economy, increasing demand for raw materials, still less per capita impact than Germany/CH
• China: intensified international cooperation in the global resource dialog
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Analysis and Comparison
• Europe/Germany: good perspectives to implement CE, but rather slow process
• Germany: one of the forerunners in CE implementation in Europe
• Environmental indicators needed to measure progress
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Analysis and Comparison
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Analysis and Comparison
• IRIS*, MFA, LCA . . . what should it be?
• A meaningful set of CE indicators: – Integrates into mainstream policy mechanisms
– Aims at urban-industrial symbiosis
– Achieves absolute material and energy reduction
– Should be of prevention-oriented character
– Should not be too complex
IRIS = “Integrated Resource Efficiency Indicator Set” (Prammer&Schrack (2012)
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Recommendations to reach a sound CE (1)
• Different approaches possible and required (China top-down, Germany mix of top-down and bottom-up, CH more bottom-up/participative way)
• The most important steps are:
– Effective policy measures, taxing resources and non-renewables
– Research and development to focus on resource productivity; less dependent on resource imports
(see past WRF conferences; Chairman’s summaries)
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Recommendations to reach a sound CE (2)
• The most important steps are (cont.):
– Phasing out dependency on fossil fuels (oil&coal)
– Account for the scarcity of natural resources
– Strengthen education to increase awareness for resource limits
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Recommendations to reach a sound CE (3)
• The most important steps are (cont.): – Rethink lifestyles and promote
sufficiency
– Technology transfer and investments in developing countries
– Township building; reintroduce former sustainable lifestyles
– Urgent attention for critical metals
– Annually report on resource- efficent economies with a
clear set of indicators
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Recommendations to reach a sound CE (4)
• The most important steps are (cont.):
– Institutional changes and social innovation; PPP; capacity building programs
– Green Economy should become a worldwide priority strategy
– Better international resource governance needed; establish a
neutral intern. platform (like IEA)
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Recommendations to reach a sound CE (5)
• The most important steps are (cont.):
– Provide incentives for recycling practices; BAT; Example: Sustainable Recycling Industries (SRI*) by Empa/WRF
– Increase the sense of urgency; important role
for social sciences and humanities; formal and informal education
*SRI project to support small- and medium-sized recycling enterprises in developing countries with the recovery of end-of-life consumer goods, and in particular the critical metals/materials (urban mining).
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Thank you for your attention!
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