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Cinda Sheldon CELLS Cell Structure and Function Cinda Sheldon SIZE COMPARISONS REPRESENTS 10...
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Transcript of Cinda Sheldon CELLS Cell Structure and Function Cinda Sheldon SIZE COMPARISONS REPRESENTS 10...
Cinda Sheldon
SIZE COMPARISONSSIZE COMPARISONSREPRESENTS 10 MICRONS 0.5-.05 microns-VIRUSO.5-1.5 microns-BACTERIA 5 microns-RED BLOOD CELL 5-8 microns-LYMPHOCYTE 60 microns-HUMAN SPERM
Cinda Sheldon
EukaryoticEukaryotic
DO HAVE A TRUE NUCLEUSWITH A MEMBRANE– Plants– Animals– Fungi– Protists
Cinda Sheldon
EUKARYOTIC CELLSEUKARYOTIC CELLS
You will make an edible cell model block day – Nov. 29 + 30
Cinda Sheldon
The NucleusThe NucleusNuclear
Envelope-double membrane with pores to let materials in and out
Cinda Sheldon
How Are They Related?How Are They Related?
Chromatin-loose-made of DNA, RNA, and proteins
Chromosomes-compact, tight-when cell is going to divide
Cinda Sheldon
NucleolusNucleolus
LOCATION:small dark area inside the
nucleusFUNCTION:makes ribosomes
Cinda Sheldon
Plasma MembranePlasma Membrane
LOCATION: Surrounds the cellFUNCTION: Sets off the cell
from its environmentControls what
goes in/out of the cell
Cinda Sheldon
PLASMA MEMBRANEPLASMA MEMBRANE
Double Membrane
Material Exits the Membrane Protein Channel Animation
Cinda Sheldon
9 + 2 arrangement9 + 2 arrangement
* a cylindrical array of 9 filaments
* a pair of single microtubules running up through the center of the bundle
Cinda Sheldon
CELL WALL: only in plant cells + prokaryotes
CELL WALL: only in plant cells + prokaryotes
Cinda Sheldon
CapsuleCapsule
Sticky outer coatHelps glue it to surfaces (like
sticks, rocks, human tissue)Only in prokaryotes (bacteria)
Cinda Sheldon
CytoplasmCytoplasm
Fluid filled region between the plasma membrane and nucleus
(jello)
Cinda Sheldon
What goes on in them?What goes on in them?
Cellular metabolism
Chemical activities of the cell
Cinda Sheldon
What advantage is having organelles?
What advantage is having organelles?
Separate the chemicals of cellular metabolism (some may be toxic)
Increases the membrane surface area
(this is where most processes occur)
Cinda Sheldon
Endomembrane SystemEndomembrane System
(Organelles that are formed by membranes)– endoplasmic reticulum
– Golgi apparatus
– lysosomes
– vacuoles
Cinda Sheldon
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUMENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Channels to bring materials to ribosomes
Assemble proteins
ROUGH ER
= has ribosomes embedded in it
Cinda Sheldon
Path of ProteinsPath of ProteinsER collects proteins creates a bubble around it
(transport vesicle) then to cell membrane or the
Golgi apparatus
Cinda Sheldon
GOLGI COMPLEX(Golgi apparatus, Golgi
Bodies)
GOLGI COMPLEX(Golgi apparatus, Golgi
Bodies)Sacs are not
interconnectedLooks like
flattened stacks of pita bread
Cinda Sheldon
Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus
“Molecular warehouse and finishing factory”
Repackage proteins
Cinda Sheldon
Vesicle Animations (Click)Vesicle Animations (Click)
Vesicle Budding and Fusing vesicle animation Push the finger to the
vesicleRediscovering Biology - Unit 10 Neurobi
ology: Animations and Images (click on synaptic vesicles)
Cinda Sheldon
LYSOSOMELYSOSOME
Vesicles that package the enzymes that break up large molecules.
“clean-up crew”
Cinda Sheldon
PeroxisomesPeroxisomes
Form in an oxygen –rich environment
(adds H to O to make H2O2, hydrogen peroxide)
Cinda Sheldon
Food Vacuole MoviesFood Vacuole Movies
Phagocytosis (click) phagocytosis movie (click)
Cinda Sheldon
VACUOLESVACUOLES
Vacuoles are usually larger than vesicles + lysosomes
Largest structure in a plant cell
Smaller in animal cells
Cinda Sheldon
Contractile VacuoleContractile VacuoleCollect water and expel it to the
outside(click)Click
on Contractile Vacuole of Paramecium
Cinda Sheldon
CHLOROPLASTSCHLOROPLASTS
Convert light energy to chemical energy (sugars)
WHERE PHOTOSYNTHESIS TAKES PLACE
Cinda Sheldon
ChloroplastChloroplastGranum =
stack of disks where chloroplasts store energy
stroma=area between grana
Cinda Sheldon
MITOCHONDRIAMITOCHONDRIA
“cellular respiration” here
Note the inner folded area to increase surface area
“powerhouse”(break down
fuel for energy)
Cinda Sheldon
CytoskeletonCytoskeleton
Microtubules 20 to 25 nanometers
Microfilament 3 to 6 nanometers
Found in bothPlants andanimals
Cinda Sheldon
Cytoskeleton: CentriolesCytoskeleton: Centrioles
Only in animal cellsUsed in cell division (act as
poles)
Cinda Sheldon
Interactive CellsInteractive Cells
Cell Models: An Interactive Animation (click)
A Typical Animal Cell - Learning Activity - Fla - Flash Player Installation (click)
Cinda Sheldon
Cell JunctionsCell Junctions
Structures that hold the cells together:
Plant cells = plasmodesmaAnimal cells = extracellular
matrix
Cinda Sheldon
“holes in the wall”“holes in the wall”
Plasmodesma(plural) =
Holes that allow water to pass through
Cinda Sheldon
Note the channels between cells
Plasmodesmata (sing.)
Note the channels between cells
Plasmodesmata (sing.)
Cinda Sheldon
Extracellular MatrixExtracellular Matrix
Some anchor, communicate with other cells, or offer leakproof covering