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Academie Books

CHRONOLOGICALVND

BACKGROUND CHARTS OF THE

NEW TESTAMENT

mWM

H. WAYNE HOUSEwith a foreword by Harold W. Hoehner

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Chronological and Background Charts of the

NEW TESTAMENT

H. WAYNE HOUSE

with a foreword by Harold W. Hoehner

ML Academie Books

1415 Lake Drive, S.E., Grand Rapids, Michigan 49506

from jfh Zondervan Publishing House

Chronological and Background Charts of the New Testament Copyright © 1981 by The Zondervan Corporation

A ll r igh ts reserved. No pa rt o f th is pub lica tion m ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system , or transm itted in any fo rm or by any m eans—electron ic , m echanical, photocopy, record ing o r o therw ise —w ith o u t the p rio r perm iss ion o f the co p y rig h t owner, except fo r b rie f quo ta tions in reviews.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

House, H. Wayne.C hrono log ica l and background charts o f the

New Testament.B ibliography: p.1. Bible. N.T.— Handbooks, manuals, etc.

I. Title.BS2310.H68 225.6'1 81-13088 ISBN 0-310-41641-8 AACR2

E dited by Jo h n D anilson and Gerard Terpstra Designed by Lou ise Bauer

Printed in the United States of America

91 92 93 94 95 / CH / 17 16 15 14 13

A set of 24 overhead transparencies is also available.

I desire to dedicate this bookto three people:

Daniel Preston, my first-year Bible instructor

at Tomlinson College, who inspired me toward serious Bible study;

Robert Gooch, a generous man of God who supported me through finances and prayer when

I was in residence toward my doctorate;

Leta, my wife, who has been patient through many years of undergraduate and graduate work and the endless hours required

to complete this book. She is my best critic and friend.

CONTENTS

F O R E W O R D ....................................................................................................... 11

P R E F A C E .............................................................................................................13

CHARTS

G EN ERA L M A TER IA L1. Books of the Mew Testament (according to time of writing) . . . . 16

2. Books of the New Testament in English, Latin, and G ree k .........18

3. Literary Classification of the New T estam ent.................................. 19

4. Books of the New Testament Classified Doctrinally ......................20

5. Theological Emphases and Order of New Testament Letters . . . 21

6. The New Testament Canon During the First Four Centuries . . . 22

7. Early Patristic Quotations of the New Testam ent...........................23

8. Theories Concerning the History of the New Testament Text. . . 24

9. Liquid and Dry M easures.......................................................................25

10. W e igh ts ........................................................................................................ 25

11. Length and D istance ................................................................................26

12. M o n e y .......................................................................................................... 27

13. New Testament Quotations of O ld Testament Prophecies..........28

14. Selected New Testament Prophecies and Their Fulfillment

in the New Testament P e r iod ................................................................33

15. Prayers in the New T estam ent..............................................................37

16. Sermons and Speeches in the New T estam ent...............................40

17. O ld Testament Characters in the New Testam ent.......................... 41

18. Prom inent Persons of the New T estam ent....................................... 44

BACKGROUNDS TO T H E NEW TE S TA M E N T1. A Chronological History of R o m e ....................................................... 48

2. A Chronological History of G reece ..................................................... 50

3. A Chronological History of Pa lestine ................................................. 52

4. Structure of Rom an Soc ie ty .................................................................. 54

5. The Rom an Political S y s tem .................................................................55

6. The Rom an Military S y s tem ..................................................................56

7. Graeco-Roman D e ities ............................................................................57

8. Selected Jew ish and Christian L iterature......................................... 58

9. Cities in the New Testament

a. Cities of C h r is t..................................................................................... 59

b. Cities Paul V is ited ...............................................................................60

c. Cities of the Seven Churches of the A poca lypse ...................... 62

10. First-Century Emperors, Rom an Procurators over Judea,

and Rulers in Pa lestine ............................................................................63

11. Rom an Emperors in the Time of the New T estam ent...................64

12. First-Century Procurators of J u d e a .................................................... 66

13. The P to lem ies............................................................................................67

14. The Se leuc ids .............................................................................................68

15. The Maccabees .......................................................................................... 69

16. The Jewish High P riests ........................................................................... 70

17. A Genealogical Chart of the Herodian Dynasty.................................. 72

18. Jewish Sects of the First C en tu ry ..........................................................73

19. Christ and Christianity in Jewish and Pagan Sources ......................76

20. Jewish Sacred and Civil Y ea r .................................................................. 79

21. The Reckoning of Passover.....................................................................81

22. The Dead Sea S c ro lls ............................................................................... 82

23. Rabbinic Writings ......................................................................................85

THE GOSPELS

1. Literary Relationships of the Synoptic G ospe ls .............................. 88

2. Suggested Solutions to the Synoptic P rob lem ................................89

3. Contents of Hypothetical Q ................................................................... 90

4. Material Unique to M atthew ..................................................................91

5. Material Unique to M a rk .........................................................................91

6. Material Unique to L u k e .........................................................................92

7. Synoptic Paralle ls..................................................................................... 93

8. A Comparative Chart of the Four G ospe ls ........................................94

9. Contrasts Between the Synoptics and J o h n .....................................95

10. The Genealogy of Jesus C h ris t............................................................ 96

11. O ld Testament Prophecies Concerning Christ

and Christianity ......................................................................................... 98

12. The Jew ish Enthronement Motif and Jesus the M ess iah ..........101

13. Chronology of the Ministry of J e s u s ................................................102

14. An Alternate Chronological Table of Christ’s L ife ....................... 104

15. The Ministry of C h r is t........................................................................... 105

16. Duration of Christ’s M in is try ...............................................................106

17. Parables of J e s u s ................................................................................... 109

18. Mature M irac les .......................................................................................112

19. Healing M irac les ..................................................................................... 113

T H E APO STO LIC AGE1. Major Events in Mew Testament History

in the First Century A .D .........................................................................118

2. The Kerygma of the Early C h u rch .....................................................120

3. Possible Sources Behind the Book of A c ts ....................................121

4. Luke’s Presentation in Acts of the Growth of Christianity .........123

5. Paul’s Missionary Jo u rn e y s ................................................................ 124

6. A Chronology of the Apostolic A g e ..................................................127

7. An Alternate C hrono logy .....................................................................129

8. The Twelve A postles ............................................................................. 133

9. Corinthian Correspondence and V is its ............................................135

10. The Destination of the Letter to the Galatians

a. Northern Galatia T heory ................................................................ 136

b. Southern Galatia T heory ................................................................138

11. Theories Concerning the Authorship of Hebrews........................140

12. Interpretations of Reve lation .............................................................. 145

13. Theological Perspectives on Revelation ......................................... 145

14. Theories of Literary Structures of Reve la tion ............................... 146

15. Contents and Correlation of the Judgm ents

of Seals, Trumpets, and B ow ls ...........................................................147

FOREWORD

When working with the New Testament, one soon realizes the enormous amount of data within it. Many times it is difficult to see how the various factors mentioned in the New Testament relate to each other. Or other interesting questions may be raised: How many miracles are there, and what Gospels record them? When was Paul at Corinth? What books did Paul write on his second missionary journey? Who were the leading statesmen and thinkers in the Roman Empire during Christ’s ministry? One could go on.

Chronological and Background Charts to the New Testament will serve as a useful tool to Bible students in their search for answers to questions mentioned above, as well as to a myriad of other facts. Wayne House has put in one volume information that would take a library of books to give, in a format beneficial to all who read and study their Bible.

1 hope many will utilize the materials in this book so that they will have a clear understanding of God’s message revealed in the Holy Scriptures.

Harold W. Hoehner Associate Professor of New Testament

Literature and Exegesis Dallas Theological Seminary

PREFACE

In 1978 John H. Walton’s Chronological Charts of the Old Testament was published and had an instant positive response from teachers and students of the Old Testament. This book filled a need for a reference tool on the myriad facts in the Old Testament and its historical background. Being a professor of New Testament, 1 sensed the need for a New Testament counterpart. Therefore I was delighted when Zondervan asked me to write such a book.

This reference tool to the New Testament and its times is intended for several audiences. Scholars may refer to it for examination of different points of view; for example, the duration of the ministry of Christ or the arguments on the authorship of Hebrews. The Bible student, pastor, or Bible teacher will find presentation of historical, cultural, chronological, and comparative information. The book covers issues of canon, gospel studies, textual criticism, biblical theology, ancient history, and numerous others.

I have sought to include the kind of information about which my students of New Testament have inquired or which I thought would be useful to the general Bible student. No attempt has been made to explain thoroughly all the topics presented. This book is intended to start a student on his way toward a comprehensive view of the subject in question. It should

not be used as a substitute for in-depth study. Even though scholars disagree on dating, historical facts, meterology, chronology, and other matters, I have sought to be fair to all views and to be accurate.

Many people have contributed to this work. 1 want to give a special word of appreciation to my many professors of Bible and theology at Western Conservative Baptist Seminary and Concordia Seminary, St. Louis. An expression of love and gratitude I offer to Daniel

Preston. He nurtured my interest in the Bible while he was my Bible professor at Tomlinson College. Dr. Harold Hoehner and Dr. Elliott Johnson of Dallas Theological Seminary were a real encouragement to me for the past two years. Merland Miller wrote a thesis, listed in my bibliography, from which 1 was able

to gain considerable information. 1 wish to thank Merland and Western Conservative Baptist Seminary for permission to borrow occasionally from his thesis. Merland has become my friend through our interchange over this awesome task. Several students have lent a hand, either in proofreading, typing, or some other task: Joel Barker, Stephanie Derksen, Vanessa Brandimore, Lorin Flagg, Chris Lange, Mark Lee, Dave Luckert, Steve Robinett, and Libby Stephens. To them I express my appreciation. I had to spend many hours away from my children, Carrie and Nathan, to write this book. 1 appreciate their patience.

So li Deo GloriaLeTourneau College Longview, Texas

PARTI

General Material

BOOK

AUTHOR

TIM

E OF

W

RIT

ING

1 PLACE

OF

WRIT

ING

AD

DR

ESSE

ES

Acts

Luke

61

Rom

e Sam

e as

above

Philip

pia

ns

Pau

l 61

Rom

e Chr

istian

s in

Philip

pi

1 Tim

othy

Pau

l 62

Mac

edonia

Tim

othy

in

Ephesus

Titu

s Pau

l 62

Nic

opo

lis

Titus

in

Cre

te

2 Tim

othy

Pau

l 63

Rom

e Tim

othy

in

Ephesus

1 Pet

er

Pet

er

63

Rom

e Chr

istian

s in

Asia

Min

or

2 Pet

er

Pet

er

63-6

4 Rom

e Chr

istian

s in

Asia

Min

or

Mat

thew

M

atth

ew

60s

Pro

babl

y Ant

ioch

Je

ws

in Sy

ria

or

Pale

stin

ein

Syria

J

Unknow

n2

.L,

, /a

ii i

i cn

/ii

Je

wis

h Christ

ians

inHeb

rew

s (A

pollos,

Luke,

60s

Unk

now

n .

.0 v

’ .

... ’

Rom

e or

Jeru

sale

m

Bar

nab

as,

Pri

scilla

?)

Jude

bro

^he^o

f1 Je

sus

60s

or 70

s U

nkno

wn

Chr

istian

s in

genera

l

, ,

, ,

, L

i ™

r- L

Chr

istian

s an

d/o

r non-C

hri

stia

ns

John

Jo

hn

late

80s

or

early

90s

Ephesu

s .

. . r-

.J

r in

the

regi

on

arou

nd

tphesus

...

, ,

, ̂

, Christ

ians

in

the

lJo

hn

John

late

80s

or ea

rly

90s

Ephesu

s re

gion

ar

ound

E

phesus

2 Jo

hn

John

late

80s

or ea

rly

90s

Ephesu

s A

chur

ch

near

E

phesus

•5i

u ■

, i

i. on

.nr,

rr u

Gai

us,

a

Chr

istian

in

the

3 Jo

hn

John

late

80s

or ea

rly

90s

Ephesu

s .

, r-

.3

r re

gion

ar

ound

E

phesus

D ,

.. .

, ,

, 0n

i nn

Patm

os,

off

coas

t Se

ven

chur

ches

inRev

elat

ion

John

late

80s

or ea

rly

90s

, .

. h..

, »

...

of Asia

Min

or

wes

tern

Asia

Min

or

1 All date

s ar

e A

.D.

Dat

e

of

wri

ting,

pla

ce

of

wri

ting,

and

addre

ssees

are

dis

pute

d

am

ong

schola

rs.

For

repre

senta

tive

date

s by

conserv

ati

ve

schola

rs,

see

Jam

es

L.

Boyer,

New

T

esta

ment

Ch

ron

olo

gic

al

Chart

(W

inona

Lake,

Ind.: Ja

mes

L.

Boyer,

1961);

R

obert

G.

Gro

macki,

New

T

esta

ment

Surv

ey

(Gra

nd

Rapid

s:

Baker,

1974);

E

vere

tt

F.

Harr

ison,

Intr

oducti

on

to th

e New

T

esta

ment

(Gra

nd

Rapid

s:

Eerd

mans,

1964);

M

err

ill

C.

Tenney,

New

T

esta

ment

Surv

ey

(Gra

nd

Rapid

s:

Eerd

mans,

1961).

2 Se

e chart

on

auth

ors

hip

of

Hebre

ws

for

deta

ils.

The

bas

e

for

this

chart

is

from

R

obert

H.

Gundry

, A

Surv

ey

of

the

New

T

esta

ment

(Gra

nd

Rapid

s:

Zonderv

an,

1970). A

dapte

d

by

perm

issio

n.

-v]

Books of the IMew TestamentENGLISH LATIN GREEK (With Translation)

Matthew Incipit Evanqelium Kata Maththaion, Accordinq to MatthewSecundum Mattheum

Mark Incipit Evanqelium Kata Markon, According to MarkSecundum Marcam

Luke Incipit Evanqelium Kata Loukan, Accordinq to LukeSecundum Lucam

John Incipit Evanqelium Kata Ioannen, Accordinq to JohnSecundum lohannem

Acts Actus Apostolorum Praxeis Apostolon, Acts or Deeds of Apostles

Romans1 Corinthians

2 Corinthians

GalatiansEphesiansPhilippiansColossians

1 Thessalonians

2 Thessalonians

1 Timothy

2 Timothy

TitusPhilemon

Ad Romanos Corinthios I

Corinthios 11

Galatas Ephesios Philippenses Colossenses Thessalonicenses 1

Thessalonicenses 11

Timotheum I

Timotheum II

TitumPhilemonem

Pro Romaious, To the Romans Korinthious a, First (letter)

to the Corinthians Korinthious b, Second (letter)

to the Corinthians Galatas, To the Galatians Ephesious, To the Ephesians Philippesious, To the Philippians Kolossaeis, To the Colossians Thessalonikeis a, First (letter)

to the Thessalonians Thessalonikeis b, Second (letter)

to the Thessalonians Timotheon a, First (letter) to

Timothy Timotheon b, Second (letter) to

Timothy Titon, To Titus Philemona, To Philemon

Hebrews Ad Hebraeos Pros Hebraious, To the Hebrews

James Epistula lacobi Iakobou, Of James

1 Peter Petri 1 Petrou a, First (letter) of Peter

2 Peter Petri 11 Petrou b, Second (letter) of Peter

1 John lohannis 1 loannou a, First (letter) of John2 John lohannis II loannou b, Second (letter) of John

3 John lohannis III loannou q, Third (letter) of John

Jude ludae Iouda, Jude

Revelation Apocalypsis lohannis Apokalypsis loannou, Revelation of John

Litera

ry Cla

ssific

ation

of the

IMew

Testa

ment

rn

sP

Fi

1 H

IST

ORY*

PAU

LIN

E

GEN

ERA

L

PRO

PH

EC

Y-

EPIS

TLES

EPIS

TLES

AP

OC

AL

YP

SE

3

Mat

thew

Act

s Rom

ans

Hebre

ws

Revela

tion

Mar

k 1

Cori

nth

ians

Jam

es

Luk

e 2

Cori

nth

ians

1 Pete

r Jo

hn

Gala

tians

2 Pete

rEphesi

ans

1 Jo

hn

Philip

pia

ns

2 Jo

hn

Colo

ssia

ns

3 Jo

hn

1 T

hess

alo

nia

ns

Jude

2 T

hessalo

nia

ns

1 T

imoth

y2

Tim

oth

y

Titus

Philem

on

1 So

me

cons

ider

th

ese

book

s bio

gra

phy,

but, t

houg

h they

ha

ve

some

affini

ty

with

an

cien

t bio

gra

phy,

they

sh

ould

mor

e na

tura

lly

be

take

n as

a new

lite

rary

type

bro

ught

on

by

the

uniq

uene

ss

of the

Chr

ist-

even

t. The

y are

pro

clam

atio

ns

of the

Goo

d New

s of Je

sus

Chri

st.

2 Act

s is

not

mer

ely

hist

ory

in the

sens

e of a

reco

rd

of his

tori

cal

dat

a. It

is in

terp

retive

th

eolo

gic

al hi

stor

y —

Sal

vation

hi

story

.

3 Th

e Boo

k of Rev

elat

ion

shar

es

sim

ilarities

with

Je

wish

apoca

lyptic

wor

ks

and

late

r Old

Tes

tam

ent

book

s of ap

oca

lyptici

sm,

but

also

with

Ol

d T

est

am

ent

pro

phecy

. In

tern

ally

, the

book

is

calle

d a

book

of pr

ophe

cy

and

an

apocaly

psi

s.

20

Books

of t

he New

Te

stame

nt Cla

ssified

Doc

trinall

yB

OO

K_C

LA

SSIF

ICA

TIO

N__

_TH

EM

E_

Mat

thew

G

ospel

— G

ood

New

s of

Je

sus

Chri

st

Jesus

the

Mess

iah

as

Kin

g

Mar

k G

ospel

— G

ood

New

s of

Je

sus

Chri

st

Jesus

the

Mess

iah

as

Serv

ant

of

Yahw

eh

Luk

e

Gospel

— G

ood

New

s of

Je

sus

Chri

st

Jesus

the

Mess

iah

as

Son

of

Man

John

Gospel

— G

ood

New

s of

Je

sus

Chri

st

Jesus

the

Mess

iah

as

Son

of

God

Act

s T

heolo

gic

al

his

tory

Act

s of

th

e Hol

y Spir

it

thro

ugh

the

churc

h

Rom

ans

Sote

riolo

gy

Pau

l’s

inte

rpre

tati

on

of

the

gospel

1 C

ori

nth

ians

Eccle

sio

logy

Churc

h

pro

ble

ms

2 C

ori

nth

ians

Eccle

sio

logy

Min

istr

y

of

Paul

vin

dic

ate

d

Gala

tians

Sote

riolo

gy

Lib

era

tion

by

the

gospel

Ephesia

ns

Chri

sto

logy

Chri

st

as

Lor

d over

the

churc

h

Philip

pia

ns

Chri

sto

logy

Joy

in C

hri

st

Colo

ssia

ns

Chri

sto

logy

Chri

st

as

Lor

d over

the

co

sm

os

1 T

hessalo

nia

ns

Eschato

logy

Second

com

ing

of

Chri

st

descri

bed

2 T

hessalo

nia

ns

Eschato

logy

Second

com

ing

of

Chri

st

cla

rifi

ed

1 T

imoth

y

Eccle

sio

logy

Pasto

ral

care

of

a

churc

h

2 T

imoth

y

Eccle

sio

logy

Min

istr

y

of

Paul

com

ple

ted

and

his

final

charg

e

to his

spir

itual

son

Titus

E

ccle

sio

logy

The

pro

per

trai

ts

of

a churc

h

— so

und

doctr

ine

and

good

work

s

Philem

on

Pers

onal

note

F

org

iveness

and

bro

therh

ood

in C

hri

st

Hebre

ws

Chri

sto

logy-

sote

riolo

gy

Superi

ori

ty

of

the

pri

esth

ood

of

Chri

st

an

d

His

salv

ati

on

Jam

es

Sote

riolo

gy

Pra

cti

cal

outw

ork

ing

of

salv

ati

on

1 Pete

r E

schato

logy

Chri

stian

response

to suff

eri

ng

in an

ticip

a

tion

of

C

hri

st’

s co

min

g

2 P

ete

r E

schato

logy

Cert

ain

ty

of

the

gospel

and

the

Day

of

th

e L

ord

1 Jo

hn

Sote

riolo

gy

Assura

nce

of

pers

onal

salv

ati

on

2 J

ohn

Sote

riolo

gy

Warn

ing

about

fals

e te

achin

g3

John

Pers

onal

note

E

xhort

ati

on

in view

of

ty

rannic

al

teacher

in

the

churc

h

Jude

Eschato

logy

Conte

ndin

g

for

the

faith

in view

of

Ch

rist’

s co

min

g

Revela

tion

Eschato

logy

Vic

tory

of

C

hri

st

and

the

churc

h

over

sin

and

the

worl

d

The

base

of

this

char

t is

from

Irvin

g Je

nsen

, 1

Cor

inth

ians

(C

hica

go:

Moo

dy,

1972

). Ad

apte

d by

perm

issi

on.

Theological Emphases and Order of New Testament Letters

L IT E R A R YC LA S S IF IC A TIO N

N E W T E S T A M E N T BO O K

TH E O LO G IC A LC A TEG O R Y TH E O LO G IC A L E M P H A S IS

Matthew Jesus as King

GospelsMark Jesus as Servant

Luke Jesus as Son of Man

John Jesus as Son of God

History Acts Birth and building of the church

Romans Explanation of the doctrine of salvation

1 CorinthiansSalvation

Discussion of various aspects of Christian conduct

2 Corinthians Portrayal of the Christian ministry

Galatians Implications of justification by faith

Ephesians

Church as the body of

Christ

Believer’s position “in Christ”

Epistles,

Pauline

Philippians Believer’s attitude in Christ

Colossians Believer’s completeness in Christ

1 Thess.Second

Second Com ing described

2 Thess.Coming

Second Com ing clarified

1 Timothy

Churchorganization

Conduct in house of God elucidated

2 Timothy Final charge to servant of God given

TitusNeed for sound doctrine and

good works stated

Philemon Personal note Favor requested for a Christian brother

Hebrews Superiority of Christ and Christian life

Jam esComfort and ex

hortation

Need for good works as evidence of genuine faith

Epistles, 1 Peter Conduct and joy of believers in suffering

General 2 Peter Warning Gospel’s certainty and the Day of the Lord

1, 2, 3 Johnconcerning

false Way of fellowship and genuine faith

Judeteaching

Warning concerning false teachers

Prophecy-

ApocalypseRevelation Capstone of G od ’s k ingdom

and redemptive programs

The base for this chart is from Stanley A. Ellisen, Bible Workbook, Part VI: The Synoptic Gospels (Portland, Ore.: Western Conservative Baptist Seminary, 1969); Stanley A. Ellisen, The Book of Romans: God’s Philosophy of Salvation, Progressive Bible Studies (Portland, Ore.: Western Conservative Baptist Seminary, 1971). Adapted by permission.

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Theories Concerning the History of the Text

I. WESTCOT

Autoc

T and HORT

raphs

Alexandrian Net

Syrian F A.D.

Textus F

The Neutral group is highly favored as the correct readi external factor. The Majority (Byzantine) text-type is the res

1itral Western

Revision310

teceptus

ig. The antiquity of the MS evidence is the predominant ult of a revision in A.D. 310 and is basically untrustworthy.

II. STREETER

Autographs

1Alexandrian Eas'

Ethiopic^^ Caesarea

Revised Lu A.D.

Byzai

Textus FConsideration is given to both the ages of MSS

The Byzantine MSS are believed to contain the be

1■ern Western

Antioch / . African / ̂ ^ 'italy-C iaul

cianic Text 310

itine

teceptusand the geographical distribution of the MSS. tter readings, at times, even over the older MSS.

III. STURZAutographs

1 0 0 -------------------------- 1---------------------------Good copies to first churches in various locales. Rise of major variation.

Formation of local text-types.

200,----------------- ,-------- 1---- --- .----------------7 .Western Antiochian Caesarean Alexandrian

(Byzantine)Each text-type, where it is attested by a concensus of its leading witnesses, is individually

preserved from the end of the second century (A.D. 200). There was no fourth-century recension.

Liquid and Dry MeasuresMEASURE

SYSTEMEQUIVALENT METRIC

U.S.EQUIVALENT KJV NIV NASB

SCRIPTUREEXAMPLE

XESTES (Probably a

corruption of Latin sextarius)

Vi6 of a modius

pots pitchers pitchers Mark 7:4

Dry c. .55 lit c. 1 pt

Liquid c. .55 lit c. 1 pt

CHOINIX

Dry 2 sextarii c. 1.1 lit c. 1 qt measure quart quart Rev. 6:6

MODIOS (Latin modius)

16 sextarii

8 choinikesc. 8.8 lit c. V4 bu bushel bowl

peck-

measureMatt. 5:15

Dry c. 1 pk

SATOM (Hebrew seah)

Dry1V2 modii

according to

Josephus

c. 13.2 litc. 12 qts

c. 1 Vi pksmeasures

largeamount

pecks Matt. 13:33

BATOS (Hebrew bath)

Liquid

72 sextarii 4>/2 modii

according to

Josephus

c. 39.6 litc. 9 gal

c. IOV2 gal measuresgallons measures Luke 16:6

METRETES

Liquidc. eaual to batos

c. 39.6 lit c. 9 gal firkins gallons gallons John 2:6or Hebrew bath

KOROS (Hebrew kor, also

known as homer)

measures bushels measures Luke 16:7

Dry c. 10 metretai c. 396 lit 10-12 bu

Liquid c. 10 metretai352-422

lit90-112

gal

WeightsMEASURE

SYSTEMEQUIVALENT

METRIC U.S.EQUIVALENT

KJV NIV NASBSCRIPTUREEXAMPLE

litra (Roman libra,

1 lb — 1 2 oz troy)

c. .373kg c. 12 oz pound pounds pounds John 19:39

talanton2c. 125 Roman

libraec. 34kg c. 75 lbs talent

100pounds

100pounds

Rev. 16:21

1 Weights are avoirdupois rather than troy.

2 Words referring to sums of money were also used in referring to weight.

Length and DistanceMEASURE

SYSTEMEQUIVALENT

METRICU.S.

EQUIVALENTKJV NIV NASB

SCRIPTUREEXAMPLE

PECHYS (forearm) c. .45m

18 in (Hellenistic

measurement)

21.6 in (Jewish)

200

cubits

one cubit

cubits

100yards

singlehour

cubits

100

yards

cubit

yards

John 21:8

Matt. 6:27

Rev. 21:17

ORGYIA

4 pechys (arms outstretched

horizontally)

c. 1.8m c. 6 ft20

fathoms 120 ft20

fathoms Acts 27:28

STADION

100 orgyiai (length of

ancient Greek race course)

c. 190m c. 600 ft

midst of the sea

threescore

furlongs

race

12,000furlongs

considerable

distance

7 miles

race

12,000stadia

many

stadia

7 miles

race

1500miles

Matt. 14:24

Luke 24:13

1 Cor. 9:24

Rev. 21:16

MILION

8 stadia, Roman mile

(Roman mille passuum, “thousand

paces”-5

Roman ft to the pace)

Jewish = Vi of parasang, Persian

measure or 7 V2 stadia

c. 1500m

1.38km

c. 4800 ft

4500 ft

mile mile mile Matt. 5:41

KALAMOSmeasuring rod 6 long cubits

c. 3m c. 1 0 ft

rod

reed

measuring

rod

measuringrod

measuringrod

measuringrod

Rev. 11:1

Rev. 21:15

Sabbath day’s journey(based on rabbinical

exegesis of

Ex. 16:29 and Josh. 3:4)

c. 2000 cubits

(Josephus said it was 6 stadia)

(little over half a mile)

c. 900m c. 3000 ftsabbath

day’s

journey

sabbath

day's

walk

sabbath

day's

journey

Acts 1:12

MoneyCOINAGE

SYSTEMEQUIVALENT

U.S.EQUIVALENT1

KJV NIV NASBSCRIPTUREEXAMPLE

Greek:drachma

(drachme)day’s wage $.16

pieces of silver

silver

coins

silver

coinsLuke 15:8

two drachmas

(didrachmon) 2 days' wages $.32 tributetwo

drachmastwo

drachmasMatt. 17:24

four drachmas (stater) 4 days’ wages $.64

piece of money

fourdrachmas stater

Matt. 17:27

Roman:

denarius(denarion)

day’s wage $.20

pence

penny

denarius

silver

coins

day’swage

denarii

denarii

denarius

Matt. 18:28

Luke 10:35

Rev. 6:6

assarionVie of a

denarius or of a drachma

c. $.01 farthing penny cent Matt. 10:29

kodrantesVm of a

denarius or of a drachma

C. V4 of

$.01farthing penny cent Matt. 5:26

lepton

(Jewish ?)

Vi28 of a denarius or of

a drachma

Va of $.01

mite

verysmall

copper

coins

smallcoppercoins

Mark 12:42

argyrion

(silver)

day’s wage shekel, 4

drachmas or Attic silver,1 drachma

$.16pieces of

silver

penny

silvercoins

drachma

cent

pieces of silver

pieces of silver

Luke 12:59

Matt. 26:15

Acts 19:19

chrysos

(gold)

aureus (Roman coin)

25 denarii$5.00 gold gold gold Matt. 10:9

talanton240 aurei

(value of one silver talent)

$1200.002 talents talents talents Matt. 18:24

mina(mna)

Vfeo of a talent $20.002 pounds minas minas Luke 19:13-25

1 Since inflation continually changes the equivalent of U.S. value, the current rate of exchange with the first century has been used rather than (let’s say) the current minimum wage, e.g., 1981, $3.35 x 8 = $26.80. For the current earning power equivalent, one need only use a computation as given before in view of minimum wage in force.

2 Talent and mina also refer to weight. When monetary amount is intended, the value depends on whether the coins are silver or gold. Chrysos is the Greek word for gold, not for a specific coin; but in Matthew 10:9 it probably refers to money, either to the Roman aureus mentioned above, or to the half aureus, which Rome also circulated.

New Testament Quotations of Old Testament Passages

OTPASSAGES

GOSPELS ACTS PAULINE LETTERS GENERAL LETTERS

Gen.

2:2 Heb. 4:42:7 1 Cor. 15:45

2:24 Matt. 19:5; Mark 10:7-8 1 Cor. 6:16; Eph. 5:3112:1 7:3

12:3 3:25 Gal. 3:813:15 Gal. 3:1615:5 Rom. 4:1815:6 Rom. 4:3, 9, 22; Gal. 3:6 James 2:23a

15:13-14 7:6-7

17:5 Rom. 4:1718:10 Rom. 9:9

18:14 Rom. 9:9

18:18 3:25

21:10 Gal. 4:3021:12 Rom. 9:7 Heb. 11:1822:17 Heb. 6:14

22:18 3:25

25:23 Rom. 9:12

26:4 3:25

Exod.

2:14 7:27-28

3:5 7:33-34

3:6 Matt. 22:32; Mark 12:26;

Luke 20:37

7:32

3:7-10 7:33-34

3:12 7:7b(?)

9:16 Rom. 9:17

12:46(?) John 19:36

13:2(?) Luke 2:23

13:12 Luke 2:23

16:18 2 Cor. 8:15

19:13 Heb. 12:2020:12 Matt. 15:4; Mark 7:10 Eph. 6:2-3

20:12-16 Matt. 19:18-19; Mark 10:19;

Luke 18:20

20:13 Matt. 5:21 James 2:11b20:13-17 Rom. 13:9

20:14 Matt. 5:27 James 2:11a20:17 Rom. 7:721:17 Matt. 15:4; Mark 7:10

20:5(?) James 4:521:24 Matt. 5:38

22:28 23:524:8 Heb. 9:20

25:40 Heb. 8:5

32:6 1 Cor. 10:733:19 Rom. 9:15

Lev.

11:44 1 Peter 1:16

12:8 Luke 2:24

18:5 Rom. 10:5; Gal. 3:12 |

OTPASSAGES


Lev.

19:2 1 Peter 1:16

19:18 Matt. 5:43; 19:19; 22:39 Rom. 13:9; Gal. 5:14 Jam es 2:8

Mark 12:31; Luke 10:27

20:7 1 Peter 1:16

24:20 Matt. 5:38

26:11-12 2 Cor. 6:16-18

Num.

9:12(?) John 19:36

16:5 2 Tim. 2:19

Deut.

5:16 Matt. 15:4; Mark 7:10 Eph. 6:2-3

5:16-20 Matt. 19:18-19; Mark 10:19;

Luke 18:205:17 Matt. 5:21 Jam es 2:1 lb

5:17-21 Rom. 13:9

5:18 Matt. 5:27 Jam es 2:1 la

5:21 Rom. 7:7

6:4-5 Matt. 22:37; Mark 12:29-30;

Luke 10:27

6:13 Matt. 4:10; Luke 4:8

6:16 Matt. 4:7; Luke 4:12

8:3 Matt. 4:4; Luke 4:4

9:19 Heb. 12:21

18:15 3:22-23; 7:37

18:18-19 3:22-23

19:15 Matt. 18:16 2 Cor. 13:1

21:23 Gal. 3:13

24:1 Matt. 5:31

25:4 1 Cor. 9:9; 1 Tim. 5:18

27:26 Gal. 3:10

29:4 Rom. 11:8

30:12-14 Rom. 10:6-8

31:6 Heb. 13:5

31:8 Heb. 13:5

32:21 Rom. 10:19

32:35 Rom. 12:19-20 Heb. 10:30a

32:36 Heb. 10:30b

32:43 Rom. 15:10

32:43 LXX Heb. 1:6

Judges13:5-7(?) Matt. 2:23

16:17 (?) Matt. 2:23

1 Sam.

7:14(?) 2 Cor. 6:16-18 Heb. 1:5b

1 Kings19:10, 14 Rom. 11:3

19:18 Rom. 11:4

Job

5:13 1 Cor. 3:19

41:11 Rom. 11:34-35

OTPASSAGES


Ps.2:1-2 4:25-26

2:7 13:33 Heb. 1:5a; 5:55:9 Rom. 3:13

8:2 Matt. 21:168:4-6 Heb. 2:6-88:6 1 Cor. 15:27; Eph. 1:22

14:1-3 Rom. 3:10-1216:8-11 2:25-28, 31

16:10 13:35

18:49 Rom. 15:9

19:4 Rom. 10:18

22:1 Matt. 27:46; Mark 15:34

22:18 Matt. 27:35; John 19:24

22:22 Heb. 2:1224:1 1 Cor. 10:26

31:5 Luke 23:46

32:1-2 Rom. 4:7-8

34:12-16 1 Peter 3:10-1234:20(?) John 19:36

35:19 John 15:25

36:1 Rom. 3:1840:6-8 Heb. 10:5-741:9 John 13:18

44:22 Rom. 8:36

45:6-7 Heb. 1:8-9

51:4 Rom. 3:4

68:18 Eph. 4:8

69:9 John 2:17 Rom. 15:3

69:22-23 Rom. 11:9-10

69:25 1:20

78:2 Matt. 13:35

82:6 John 10:34

94:11 1 Cor. 3:20

95:7-8 Heb. 3:15; 4:7

95:7-11 Heb. 3:7-11

95:11 Heb. 4:3, 5

102:25-27 Heb. 1:10-12

104:4 Heb. 1:7

109:8 1:20

110:1 Matt. 22:44; Mark 12:36;

Luke 20:42-43

2:34-35 Heb. 1:13

110:4 Heb. 5:6; 7:17, 21

112:9 2 Cor. 9:9

116:10 2 Cor. 4:13117:1 Rom. 15:11

118:6 Heb. 13:6

118:22 4:11 1 Peter 2:7

118:22-23 Matt. 21:42; Mark 12:10;

Luke 20:17

118:26 Matt. 23:39; Luke 13:35

140:3 Rom. 3:13

OTPASSAGES GOSPELS ACTS PAULINE LETTERS GENERAL LETTERS

Prov.

3:11-12 Heb. 12:5-6

3:34 James 4:6; 1 Peter 5:5

11:31 1 Peter 4:18

25:21-22 Rom. 12:20

26:11 2 Peter 2:22

Isa.

1:9 Rom. 9:29

6:9-10 Matt. 13:14-15; John 12:40 28:26-27

7:14 Matt. 1:23

8:14 Rom. 9:33 1 Peter 2:8

8:17 LXX Heb. 2:13a

8:18 Heb. 2:13b

9:1 f Matt. 4:15-16

10:22-23 Rom. 9:27-28

11:10 Rom. 15:12

12:3(?) John 7:38

22:13 1 Cor. 15:32

25:8 1 Cor. 15:54-55

26:19 Eph. 5:14

27:9 Rom. 11:26-27

28:11-12 1 Cor. 14:21

28:16 Rom. 9:33; 10:11 1 Peter 2:6

29:10 Rom. 11:8

29:13 Matt. 15:8-9; Mark 7:6-7

29:14 1 Cor. 1:19

40:3 Matt. 3:3; Mark 1:2-3

40:3-5 Matt. 3:3; Mark 1:3;

Luke 3:4-6; John 1:23

40:6-8 1 Peter 1:24-25

40:13 Rom. 11:34-35; 1 Cor. 2:16

42:1-4 Matt. 12:18-21

45:23 Rom. 14:11

49:6 13:47

49:8 2 Cor. 6:2

52:5 Rom. 2:24

52:7 Rom. 10:15

52:11-12 2 Cor. 6:16-18

52:15 Rom. 15:21

53:1 John 12:38 Rom. 10:1 6

53:4 Matt. 8:17

53:7-8 8:32-33

53:12 Luke 22:37

54:1 Gal. 4:27

54:13 John 6:45

55:3 13:34

56:7 Matt. 21:13; Mark 11:17;

Luke 19:46

58:6 Luke 4:18-19

58:11 (?) John 7:38

59:7-8 Rom. 3:10-18

59:20-21 Rom. 11:26-27

OTPASSAGES


Isa.

60:1

61:1-2

62:11 (?)

64:4

65:1-2

6 6 :1-2

Luke 4:18-19

Matt. 21:5

7:49-50

Eph. 5:14

1 Cor. 2:9

Rom. 10:20-21

Jer.

7:11

9:24

31:15

31:31-34

31:33

31:34

Matt. 21:13; Mark 11:17;

Luke 19:46

Matt. 2:18

1 Cor. 1:31; 2 Cor. 10:17

Heb. 8:8-12

Heb. 10:16

Heb. 10:17

Dan.

9:27

1 2 :11Matt. 24:15; Mark 13:14

Matt. 24:15; Mark 13:14

Hos.

1 :1 02:23

6 :610 :811:113:14

Matt. 9:13; 12:7

Luke 23:30

Matt. 2:15

Rom. 9:25-26

Rom. 9:25-26

1 Cor. 15:54-55

Joe!

2:28-32

2:32

2:17-21

Rom. 10:13

Amos

5:25-27

9:11-12

7:42-43

15:16-18

Hab.

1:5

2:3-4

2:4

13:41

Rom. 1:17; Gal. 3:11

Heb. 10:37-38

Hag.

2 :6 Heb. 12:26

Zech.

9:9

11:12-13

1 2 :1 013:7

Matt. 21:5; John 12:15

Matt. 27:9-10

John 19:37

Matt. 26:31; Mark 14:27

Mai.

1:2-3

3:1 Matt. 11:10; Mark 1:2-3;

Luke 7:27 J

Rom. 9:13

This list may not be exhaustive. Opinions differ in reference to individual citations in the NT as to whether the reference used by the NT author is a quotation or an allusion.

Selected New Testament Prophecies and Their Fulfillment in the New Testament Period

PROPHECY - SCRIPTURE FULFILLMENT - SCRIPTURE

“1 will make you fishers of men.” (Matt. 4:19; Mark 1:17)

Cf. Ministry of Christ; Acts

(Matt. 28:19-20; Acts 1:8)

“The time will come when the bridegroom will be taken from

them; then they will fast.”

(Matt. 9:15; Mark 2:20; Luke 5:35)

Ascension of Christ (Luke 24:50-51; Acts 1:9)

Fasting of church (Acts 13:2-3; 14:23)

Suffering from religious leaders (Matt. 17:12)

Death and resurrection

(Matt. 16:21; 17:22-23; 20:18-19;

Mark 8:31; 9:31; 10:32-34; Luke 9:22, 44; 18:31-33)

Passion accounts (Matt. 26-28;

Mark 14-16; Luke 22-24; John 18-21)

“Some who are standing here will not taste death before they see

(Matt. 16:28; Mark 9:1; Luke 9:27)

? *

“Go to the lake and throw out your line.” (Matt. 17:27)

Assumed

“You will indeed drink from my

cup.” (Matt. 20:23; Mark 10:39)

Martyr death of James

(Acts 12:1-2 c. A.D. 44)

“The Son of Man [came] . . . to give his life as a ransom for many.”

(Matt. 20:28; Mark 10:45)

Crucifixion (Matt. 27; Mark 15;

Luke 23; John 19)

“Go to the village ahead of you,

and at once you will find a donkey, . . . with her colt.” (Matt. 21:2-3;

Mark 11:2-3; Luke 19:30-31)

Matt. 21:6-7; Mark 11:4-6; Luke 19:32-34

“May you never bear fruit again!”

(Matt. 21:18-19; Mark 11:12-14)Assumed; cf. Matt. 21:19b

• The question marks relate to prophecies about the kingdom of God that are of debated fulfillment.


“The kingdom of God will be taken . . . (Matt. 21:43-44)

“Not one stone here will be left on another

(Matt. 24:2; Mark 13:2; Luke 21:6)

A.D. 70

“One of you will betray me.”

(Matt. 26:21, 23; Mark 14:18, 20; Luke 22:21; John 13:21, 26)

Betrayal by Judas

(Matt. 26:14-16, 47-56; Mark 14:10-11, 43-50; Luke 22:3-6, 47-53;

John 13:27; 18:3-12)

“After 1 have risen 1 will go ahead

of you into Galilee.”(Matt. 26:32; Mark 14:28)

“He . . . is going ahead of you (Matt. 28:7, 10, 16; Mark 16:7)

“This very night, before the rooster

crows, you will disown me.”

(Matt. 26:34; Mark 14:30; Luke 22:34; John 13:38)

Peter’s denials (Matt. 26:69-75;

Mark 14:66-72; Luke 22:54-62;

John 18:15-18, 25-27)

“The demon has left your daughter.” (Mark 7:29; cf. Matt. 15:28)

Mark 7:30

“She poured perfume on my body beforehand to prepare for my burial.”

(Matt. 26:12; Mark 14:8; John 12:7)

Burial (Matt. 27:57-61; Mark 15:42-47;

Luke 23:50-56; John 19:38-42)

“Wherever the gospel is preached . .. what she has done will also

be told.” (Matt. 26:13; Mark 14:9)

Assumed

“Go into the city, and a man .. .

will meet you.”(Mark 14:13-15; Luke 22:10-12)

Passover preparation

(Mark 14:16; Luke 22:13)

Zechariah foretells ministry of

John the Baptist (Luke 1:67-79)

Ministry of John the Baptist

(Matt. 3; Mark 1; Luke 3; John 1)


“Don’t be afraid; just believe,

and she will be healed.” (Luke 8:50)Restoration to Life (Luke 8:55)

“Do not be afraid, little flock, for your Father has been pleased to

give you the kingdom.” (Luke 12:32)

?

“The days will come upon you

when your enemies will build . .. and encircle you.” (Luke 19:43-44)

A.D. 66-70

“What is written about me is reaching its fulfillment.”

(Luke 22:37)

Crucifixion (Matt. 27:38; Mark 15:27;

Luke 23:32-33; John 19:18)

“Today you will be with me

in paradise.” (Luke 23:43)Assumed

“Repentance and forgiveness of

sins will be preached in his name

to all nations.” (Luke 24:47)

Cf. Acts (esp. 1:8)

“1 am going to send you what my Father has promised.” (Luke 24:49)

Descent of the Holy Spirit (Acts 2:1-4)

“Destroy this temple, and 1 will

raise it again in three days.”

(John 2:19-22)

Resurrection (Matt. 28:5-6;

Mark 16:6; Luke 24:5-8; John 20:6-9)

“So the Son of Man must be lifted up.” (John 3:14)

Crucifixion (Matt. 27; Mark 15; Luke 23; John 19)

“1 lay down my life for the sheep. . . . 1 have authority to lay it down and authority to take it up again.”

(John 10:15-18)

Crucifixion and Resurrection (Matt. 27-28;

Mark 15-16; Luke 23-24; John 19-21)

Caiaphas: “It is better for you that

one man die for the people.”

(John 11:49-50)

Crucifixion (Matt. 27; Mark 15;

Luke 23; John 19; cf. John 11:51 -52)


“The Father. . . will give you

another Counselor.”

(John 14:16, 23; 16:7)Pentecost (Acts 2:1-4)

“1 am returning to my Father.”

(John 20:17)Ascension (Luke 24:50-51; Acts 1:9)

“When you are old . .. someone

else will . .. lead you where you

do not want to go.” (John 21:18)

Martyrdom of Peter (cf. John

21:18-19, c. A.D. 64)

Promise of the Spirit (Acts 1:5-8) Acts 2:1-4

Peter predicts Sapphira’s death (Acts 5:9)

Acts 5:10

Agabus predicts famine (Acts 11:28) Assumed (cf. Acts 11:29-30)

Paul’s predictions to the Ephesian elders:

1. “None of you . . . will ever see

me again.” (Acts 20:25)

2. False teachers without and within (Acts 20:29-30)

Assumed

Assumed

Agabus foretells Paul’s arrest in Jerusalem (Acts 21:10-11)

Acts 21:33ff.

Paul predicts that all his shipmates will be preserved

(Acts 27:22-25)

Acts 27:44

Prayers in the IMew TestamentGOSPELS

Synoptic Parallels

The Lord’s prayer — Matt. 6:9-13; Luke 11:2-4 Leper’s prayer for healing (Ch) 1 — Matt. 8:2; Mark 1:40; Luke 5:12

Centurion’s prayer (Ch) — Matt. 8:6, 8; Luke 7:6-7 Prayer for calming storm (Ch) — Matt. 8:25; Mark 4:38; Luke 8:24

Prayer of Gadarene demoniac(s) (Ch) — Matt. 8:29; Mark 5:7; Luke 8:28 Prayer of Gadarene demons (Ch) — Matt. 8:31; Mark 5:9-12; Luke 8:30-32

Jairus’s prayer (Ch) — Matt. 9:18; Mark 5:22-23; Luke 8:41-42 Jesus’ thanksgiving to the Father — Matt. 11:25-26; Luke 10:21

Blessing at feeding of 5,000 — Matt. 14:19; Mark 6:41; Luke 9:16;cf. John 6:11

Jesus’ prayer on the mountain — Matt. 14:23; Mark 6:46 Jesus prays in the desert — Mark 1:35; Luke 5:16

Prayer of a foreign woman (Ch) — Matt. 15:21-28; Mark 7:24-30 Blessing at feeding of 4,000 — Matt. 15:36; Mark 8:6

Prayer for moonstruck (demoniac) (Ch) — Matt. 17:14-15; Mark 9:17-18;Luke 9:38-40

Prayer of the blind at Jericho (Ch) — Matt. 20:30-33; Mark 10:47-51;Luke 18:38-41

Blessing of Lord’s Supper — Matt. 26:26-27; Mark 14:22-23;Luke 22:17-19

Jesus’ prayer in Gethsemane — Matt. 26:36-46; Mark 14:32-42;Luke 22:39-46

Prayer on the cross — Matt. 27:46; Mark 15:34; Luke 23:46

Other References to Prayer in the Gospels

Prayer of blind men (Ch) — Matt. 9:27-28 Peter’s prayer on the water (Ch) — Matt. 14:30

Jesus prays for a deaf and dumb man — Mark 7:34 Prayer of Simeon in the temple — Luke 2:29-32

Jesus’ prayer at baptism — Luke 3:21 Jesus’ prayer before choosing apostles — Luke 6:12-13

Jesus’ prayer on Mount of Transfiguration — Luke 9:28-29 Prayer of ten lepers (Ch) — Luke 17:12-13

Jesus’ prayer for Peter’s faith — Luke 22:31-32 Blessing of food on Emmaus journey — Luke 24:30 Prayer of a nobleman for his son — John 4:47, 49 Jesus’ prayer at Lazarus’s tomb — John 11:41-42

Jesus’ prayer answered by the Father — John 12:27-28 Jesus’ great prayer — John 17

(Ch) = prayer addressed to Christ

ACTS

Disciples’ prayer in the Upper Room — 1:13-14 Prayer for successor to Judas — 1:24-25

Peter and John go to temple at hour of prayer — 3:1 Prayer for boldness in witnessing — 4:24-31

Stephen’s final prayer — 7:59-60 Peter and John’s prayer for Samaritans — 8:14-17

Saul’s prayer at conversion (Ch) — 9:5, 11 Ananias’s vision — 9:10, 13-14 Peter’s prayer for Dorcas — 9:40

Cornelius’s prayer and vision — 10:1-8 Peter’s prayer and vision in Joppa — 10:9-16

Prayer for Peter in prison — 12:5, 12 Prayer for commissioning of Saul and Barnabas — 13:3

Prayer for ordaining elders — 14:23 Riverside prayer meeting in Macedonia — 16:13, 16

Paul and Silas pray in Philippian jail — 16:25 Paul’s prayer with Ephesian elders — 20:36

Paul blesses food on Roman voyage — 27:35 Paul’s prayer for Publius’s father — 28:8

EPISTLES

Romans

Paul prays that he might see the Romans — 1:8-12 Prayer for Israel’s salvation — 10:1

Benedictions — 15:33; 16:20 Doxology — 16:25-27

1 Corinthians Thanksgiving for richness of spiritual gifts — 1:4-9

2 CorinthiansBlessing of God — 1:3-7

Benediction — 13:14

Galatians Benediction — 6:18

Ephesians

Blessing of God for His blessings — 1:3-14 Prayer for knowledge and power — 1:15-21

Prayer for strength, indwelling, and understanding — 3:14-19 Doxology — 3:20-21 Benediction — 6:24

PhilippiansPrayer for understanding and love — 1:2-11

Doxology — 4:20 Benediction — 4:23

ColossiansPrayer for growth of the gospel — 1:3-6

Prayer for wisdom and understanding — 1:9-12 Benediction — 4:18

1 Thessalonians

Thanksgiving for God’s choice — 1:2-5 Prayer for return visit — 3:9-13

Prayer for thorough sanctification — 5:23-24 Benediction — 5:28

2 Thessalonians

Thanksgiving for love and faith — 1:3 Prayer for worthiness of calling — 1:11-12 Thanksgiving and prayer for calling and

establishment — 2:13-17 Prayer for peace — 3:16


1 TimothyThanksgiving and doxology for God’s mercy — 1:12-17


2 Timothy

Thanksgiving for Timothy’s faith — 1:3-5 Prayer for Onesiphorus — 1:16-18

Prayer for judgment on Alexander — 4:14 Doxology — 4:18


TitusBlessing — 1:4


Philemon Benediction — v. 25

Hebrews Benediction — 13:20-21

1 Peter

Blessing of God for a living hope and incorruptible inheritance — 1:3-4 Doxology — 4:11

Prayer for stability/doxology — 5:10-11 Benediction — 5:14

2 PeterPrayer for multiplication of grace and peace — 1:2

Doxology — 3:18

3 John Prayer for Gaius’s health — v. 2

Jude Benediction — vv. 24-25

Revelation

Doxology — 1:6 Prayer of martyrs — 6:10

Prayer of gentile multitude — 7:9-12 Prayer of twenty-four elders — 11:16-18

“Amen. Come, Lord Jesus.” (Ch) — 22:20

Sermons and Speeches in the New Testament_______________________GOSPELS______________________

Preaching of John the Baptist — Matt. 3:2, 7-12 (Mark 1:7-8;

Luke 3:7-9; 16-18)Sermon on the Mount — Matt. 5-7

Sermon at commissioning of the Twelve — Matt. 10:5-42

Controversy over casting out demons — Matt. 12:22-45

The parable — Matt. 13:1-52 (Mark 4:1-34; Luke 8:4-18)

Sermon on tradition/elders — Matt. 15:1-20 (Mark 7:1-23)

Denunciation of Scribes and Pharisees — Matt. 23

(Olivet Discourse) Last Days — Matt. 24:4-25:46 (Mark 13:3-37; Luke 21:7-36)

Simeon’s speech to Mary and Joseph — Luke 2:28-35 Jesus’ first sermon in synagogue — Luke 4:17-27

Sermon on the plain — Luke 6:17-49

Sermon on the lost — Luke 15

Sermon on authority of the Son — John 5:19-47

Jesus’ sermon at Feast of Tabernacles — John 7:37-38

Sermon on sheep and shepherd — John 10:1-18 Sermon in the Upper Room — John 13:31-16:33

ACTS

Peter’s speech at selection of Judas’s successor — 1:16-22

Peter’s sermon on Day of Pentecost — 2:14-36 Peter’s sermon in Solomon’s Colonnade — 3:12-26

Peter’s speech before the council — 4:8-12

Gamaliel’s speech before the council — 5:35-39

Stephen’s sermon before the council — 7:2-53

Peter’s sermon in Cornelius’s house — 10:34-43

Peter’s defense to the church in Jerusalem — 11:4-17

Paul’s sermon in the synagogue at Antioch of Pisidia — 13:16-41 Paul and Barnabas appeal in Lystra — 14:15-17 Peter’s speech at Jerusalem council — 15:7-11

James’s speech at Jerusalem council — 15:13-21

Paul’s speech in Athens — 17:22-31 Demetrius’s speech in the Ephesian theater — 19:25-27

Paul’s farewell message to Ephesian elders — 20:18-35 Paul’s defense before the mob — 22:1-21 Paul’s defense before the council — 23:1-6

Paul’s defense before Felix — 24:10-21

Paul’s defense before Festus — 25:8, 10-11

Paul’s defense before Agrippa — 26:1-23

Paul’s speech to his shipmates — 27:21-26

Paul’s testimony to Jews in Rome — 28:17-20, 25-28

Old Testament Characters in the New Testament

AaronBrother of Moses; in Stephen’s speech (Acts 7:40); example of old levitical order superseded by Christ (Heb. 5:4; 7:11); rod contained in covenant box (Heb. 9:4).

AbelBrother of Cain; avenging of his blood (Matt. 23:35; Luke 11:51); example of faith (Heb. 11:4); Jesus’ blood speaks better things than his (Heb. 12:24).

Abiathar Priest during time of David’s wanderings (Mark 2:26).

Abraham

Traditional father of the Jews (Matt. 3:9; Luke 13:16; 19:9; John 8:33-58; Acts 7:2; 2 Cor. 11:22; Heb. 2:16); entertaining Gentiles in the kingdom of heaven (Matt. 8:11; cf. Luke 13:28); received the promises (Luke 1:55, 73; Acts 3:25; Gal. 4:22; Heb. 6:13); received Lazarus in parable of rich man (Luke 16:22-30); blessed by Melchizedek (Heb. 7:1-10); example of justification by faith (Rom. 4:1-22; Gal. 3:6-29); example of faith (Heb. 11:8-11 , 17-19); example of good works (James 2:21, 23); wife Sarah submitted to him (1 Peter 3:6).

Adam

The “first man” through whom sin and death came into the world (Rom. 5:12-21); the “earthly” man contrasted to the heavenly, resurrected Christ (1 Cor. 15:22, 45-49); formed first and not deceived by the serpent (1 Tim. 2:13-14).

BalaamThe “way” and “error” of Balaam, who loved the wages of unrighteousness (2 Peter 2:15; Jude 11); the “doctrine” of Balaam, associated with idolatry and fornication (Rev. 2:14).

Barak Example of faith (Heb. 11:32).

CainAbel’s faith offering more acceptable than his (Heb. 11:4); murder of Abel example of evil (1 John 3:12); false teachers follow the “way” of Cain (Jude 11).

David

Ate bread intended for priests only (Matt. 12:3-4; Mark 2:25-26; Luke 6:3-4); called the Messiah Lord (Matt. 22:41-45; Mark 12:35-37; Luke 20:41-44); Messiah born in his city (Luke 2:11); died but did not ascend into heaven (Acts 2:29, 34); man after God’s own heart (Acts 13:22); died and saw corruption (Acts 13:36); Christ of his seed according to the flesh (Rom. 1:3; 2 Tim. 2:8); example of faith (Heb. 11:32); Jesus has the key of David (Rev. 3:7); Jesus the Root of David (Rev. 5:5; 22:16).

Elijah

Identified with John the Baptist (Matt. 11:14; Luke 1:17; John 1:21, 25); identified with Jesus (Matt. 16:14; Mark 8:28; Luke 9:19); appeared on Mount of Transfiguration with Jesus and Moses (Matt. 17:3-13; Mark 9:2-8; Luke 9:28-36); some thought Jesus on the cross called him (Matt. 27:47-49; Mark 15:35); sent to widow of Zarephath (Luke 4:25-26); man of prayer (James 5:17).

Elisha Cleansed Naaman the Syrian (Luke 4:27).

Enoch Translated by faith (Heb. 11:5); credited with prophecy concerning false prophets (Jude 14).

Esau Father’s blessing and prophecy by faith (Heb. 11:20); condemned for selling his birthright (Heb. 12:16).

Eve Formed after Adam, deceived by serpent (1 Tim. 2:13-14; 2 Cor. 11:3).

Gabriel Angel; announced births of John the Baptist and Jesus (Luke 1:19, 26).

Hagar Cited as allegorical representation of Mosaic covenant (Gal. 4:24-25).

Isaac

Entertaining Gentiles in kingdom of heaven (Matt. 8:11; cf. Luke 13:28); example of God’s selection (Rom. 9:7, 10); Galatian Christians children of Isaac’s promise (Gal. 4:28); example of faith and of works (James 2:21); father offered him (Heb. 11:17-19); blessed Jacob and Esau (Heb. 11:20).

Jacob

Entertaining Gentiles in kingdom of heaven (Matt. 8:11; cf. Luke 13:28); traditional father of Israelites (John 4:12); his well in Samaria (John 4:5-6); example of God’s selection (Rom. 9:13); by faith blessed Joseph’s sons (Heb. 11:21).

Jannes and Jambres

Two of Pharaoh’s magicians; opposed Moses (2 Tim. 3:8).

Jephthah Example of faith (Heb. 11:32).

Jeremiah Identified with Jesus (Matt. 16:14).

JezebelName given to a woman who lured Christians to fornication and idolatry (Rev. 2:20).

Job Example of patience (James 5:11).

Jonah ^Parallel with Jesus in His death and resurrection (Matt. 12:39-40; 16:4; Luke 11:29-30) and His preaching (Matt. 12:41; Luke 11:32).

Joseph Plot of ground in Samaria given him by his father (John 4:5); example of faith (Heb. 11:22).

Joshua Did not give rest to Israel by entering Canaan (Heb. 4:8).

Korah False teachers perished in the dispute of Korah (Jude 11).

Levi Paid tithes to Melchizedek through Abraham (Heb. 7:5-10).

Lot Mentioned in connection with God’s judgment on Sodom and Gomorrah (Luke 17:28-29; 2 Peter 2:7).

Melchizedek Order of Jesus’ priesthood (Heb. 5, 7).

MichaelArchangel; disputed with the devil about the body of Moses (Jude 9); war against the dragon in heaven (Rev. 12:7).

Moses

Lawgiver (multiple references); appeared on Mount of Transfiguration with Jesus and Elijah (Matt. 17:3-4; Mark 9:4-5; Luke 9:30, 33); scribes and Pharisees sit in Moses’ seat (Matt. 23:2); wrote about Christ (Luke 24:27; John 5:45-46); religious leaders claimed to be his disciples (John 9:28-29); prophesied the Messiah (Acts 3:22; 26:22); Paul accused of teaching apostasy from Moses (Acts 21:21); children of Israel baptized into Moses (1 Cor. 10:2); Jannes and Jambres opposed him (2 Tim. 3:8); a servant of God but inferior to the Son (Heb. 3:1-6); example of faith (Heb. 11:23-24); Michael and the devil disputed over his body (Jude 9); Song of Moses coupled with song of the Lamb (Rev. 15:3).

Naaman Gentile leper healed by Elisha (Luke 4:27).

NoahAssociated with judgment of the Flood (Matt. 24:37-38; Luke 17:26-27; 1 Peter 3:20); example of faith (Heb. 11:7); preacher of righteousness (2 Peter 2:5).

Pharaoh Moses refused to be called the son of Pharaoh’s daughter (Heb. 11:24).

Queen of the South (Sheba)

Came a great distance to hear Solomon (Matt. 12:42; Luke 11:31).

Rahab Example of faith (Heb. 11:31); of works (James 2:25).

Rebecca Mother of Jacob and Esau (Rom. 9:10).

Samson Example of faith (Heb. 11:32).

SamuelClassed among the prophets (Acts 3:24; 13:20); example of faith (Heb. 11:32).

Saul King of Israel; given and removed by God (Acts 13:21-22).

SolomonNot dressed like the flowers (Matt. 6:29; Luke 12:27); Queen of the South came to hear him (Matt. 12:42; Luke 11:31); his Colonnade (NIV usage) in the temple (John 10:23; Acts 3:11; 5:12).

ZechariahHis blood to be required of (Jesus’) generation (Matt. 23:35; Luke 11:51).

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s 1:

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; 10:3

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JOSEPH

Engaged

to M

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,

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Luke

1:

1-4;

Act

s 1:

1;

LU

KE

Tra

vele

d with

Paul

on

seco

nd

and

third

mis

sionary

jo

urn

eys

and

the

voyag

e

16:1

0-18;

20:5

-21:1

8;

to R

om

e.

Cal

led

the

“belo

ved

physic

ian.”

Hom

eto

wn

perh

aps

27:1

-28:1

6;

Col

. 4:1

4;

Antioch

or

P

hilip

pi.

Philem

on

24;

2 T

im.

4:1

1

Cousi

n

of

Barn

abas

whose

Je

wis

h

nam

e

was

Jo

hn

and

Lat

in

nam

e

was

Mark

. Liv

ed

in Je

rusale

m.

Sta

rted

on

firs

t m

issio

nary

jo

urn

ey

with

B

arn

abas

and

Saul

but

dese

rted

them

af

ter

they

re

ached

the

south

ern

co

ast

of

Asia

(?).

r

uo

h

MARK

Went

with

B

arn

abas

to Cypru

s to

encoura

ge

the

new

Chri

stia

ns

ther

e w

hile

~

‘ 4

.1’i. phi

’

Pau

l an

d Sila

s w

ent

on

seco

nd

mis

sionary

jo

urn

ey.

With

Paul

in Rom

e

I,™’ \ p

eter

5-

lT°n

an

d Pete

r in

“Babylo

n,”

pro

bably

R

om

e.

A w

rite

r of

a G

ospel, possib

ly

for

Pete

r. M

oth

er’

s nam

e

was

M

ary

.

MARY

Sis

ter

of

Laza

rus

and

Mart

ha.

Anoin

ted

Je

su

s’ f

eet

at

a supper

Luke

10:3

8-42;

John

OF

BET

HA

NY

and

sat

at

His

feet

fo

r His

teachin

g.

11:1

-44;

12:1

-8

.u

4̂

NAM

E

PERSO

NA

L

INFO

RM

AT

ION

SC

RIP

TU

RE

Betr

oth

ed

to Jo

seph

and

vir

gin

m

oth

er

of

Jesus

accord

ing

to an

a

nn

ou

nc

em

en

t

MAR

Y,

by

the

ang

el

Gab

rie

l.

Vis

ited

her

cousin

E

lizabeth

w

ith

gre

at

re

joic

ing

. (J

rged

Matt

. 1-

2; M

ark

6:3

;

MO

THER

OF

Je

sus

to pro

vid

e

win

e

at

weddin

g

at

Can

a.

Rem

ain

ed

at

the

Cru

cif

ixio

n

aft

er

the

Luke

1-2;

Jo

hn

19:2

6;

JESU

S dis

cip

les

had

fled.

Giv

en

into

th

e hands

of

John

the

belo

ved

by

Jesus

befo

re

Act

s 1:1

4

He

die

d.

Has

re

ceiv

ed

specia

l pra

ise

by

the

churc

h

thro

ugh

the

ce

ntu

rie

s.

Fir

st

to se

e th

e re

surr

ecte

d

Lo

rd

. W

as

from

M

agdala

on

th

e no

rth

west

shore

M

att

. 27:5

6-61;

28:1

;

MAR

Y of

Sea

of

Gali

lee

. D

elivere

d

by

Jesus

from

seven

de

mo

ns.

One

of

the

Mar

k

15:4

0-47;

16:1

-9;

MAG

DAL

ENE

wom

en

at

the

Cru

cif

ixio

n

and

buria

l.

Met

the

an

ge

l w

ho

anno

unced

th

e Luke

8:2

; 24:1

0;

Jo

hn

Re

su

rre

cti

on

. C

ontr

ibute

d

to Je

su

s’ an

d

dis

cip

les’

su

pp

ort.

19:2

5;

20:1

-18

Phari

see

and

me

mb

er

of

Sa

nh

ed

rin

. C

am

e

to Je

sus

by

nig

ht

and

re

ce

ive

d

NIC

OD

EMU

S te

achin

g

from

Je

sus

on

bein

g

born

ag

ain

. D

efe

nded

Jesus

in th

e co

un

cil

Jo

hn

3:1

-9;

7:5

0;

19:3

9

and

help

ed

Joseph

of

Arim

ath

ea

with

buria

l p

re

pa

ra

tio

ns.

Rom

an

pro

curato

r

of

Ju

de

a,

Idu

me

a,

and

Sam

ari

a

(A.D

. 26-

36)

appoin

ted

by

Tib

eriu

s.

He

moved

the

milit

ary

h

ead

qu

arte

rs

from

C

aesare

a

to Je

ru

sa

lem

. H

is

nn

iMT

inc

acti

ons

aqit

ate

d

the

Jew

s

who

oft

en

co

mp

lain

ed

to

Rom

e

(inclu

din

g

the

f ;

0 ’ \

~r..

J?.'

, ,

ek

ON

IIU

d

, Lv

i i

i i

1 o

i \

rs •

u i-x

- i

/■

• ru

-

3:1

; 13:1

; 23

:1 -52;

Jo

hn

sla

ug

hte

r

of

Gali

lean

s,

Luke

13

:1).

D

riven

by

po

liti

cal

pre

ssure

(in

vi

ew

of

his

18-19- Act

s 313- 4-27-

PlL

Alt

acti

on

of

takin

g

tem

ple

fu

nds

to build

aq

ue

ducts

in

Jeru

sale

m

am

ong

oth

er

13-28-1

Tim

6-13

'

thin

gs)

to deliver

Jesus

over

to be

crucif

ied

. A

fter

putt

ing

dow

n

a S

am

arit

an

revolt

, w

as

sent

to R

om

e

on

charg

e

of

ma

lad

min

istr

ati

on

.

A R

om

an

citiz

en

whose

Latin

nam

e

was

Sil

van

us.

He

bro

ug

ht

a le

tter

from

Act

s 15:2

2,

27,

32-34,

the

Jeru

sale

m

Co

un

cil

to

An

tio

ch

. W

as

a p

ro

ph

et,

acco

mp

an

ied

P

aul

on

his

40-41;

16:1

-17:1

5;

18:5

;

blL

Ao

second

mis

sio

nary

jo

urn

ey

, w

as

jailed

at

Ph

ilip

pi

with

Pau

l, an

d w

as

2 C

or.

1:1

9;

1 T

hess.

1:1

;

Pe

ter’s

am

an

ue

nsis

in

the

wri

ting

of

his

firs

t ep

istl

e.

2 T

hess.

1:1

; 1

Pete

r 5:1

2

r Act

s 16:1

-3;

17:1

4-15;

18:5

;G

reek

= “honori

ng

Go

d.”

Pa

ul’

s sp

irit

ual

son

and

help

er

for

about

fift

een

19:2

2;

20:4

; R

om

. 16:2

1;

to tw

enty

years

. S

ub

ject

to fr

eque

nt

sic

kn

ess.

His

h

om

eto

wn

w

as

Lystr

a

1 C

or.

4:1

7;

16:1

0-11;

2 C

or.

TIM

OT

HY

an

c* *̂e

^ac

* a G

reek

fath

er

but

a Je

wis

h

mo

the

r

and

gra

nd

mo

the

r.

1:1,

19;

Phil.

1:1

; 2:1

9-

23;

Acco

mp

an

ied

P

aul

on

his

second

mis

sio

nary

jo

urn

ey

, w

as

ord

ain

ed

by

Col. 1:1

; 1

Thess.

1:1

; 3:2

, 6;

eld

ers

, w

as

with

Paul

in hi

s R

om

an

imp

ris

on

me

nt,

an

d

was

chosen

by

the

2 T

hess.

1:1

; 1

Tim

. 1:2

,18

;

Chronological and Background Charts of the New Testamentbreak-throughs.weebly.com › uploads › 4...

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