Chris Hartnady, 1 Andiswa Mlisa , 1 Eric Calais, 2 Richard Wonnacott, 3 Helen Seyler 1
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Transcript of Chris Hartnady, 1 Andiswa Mlisa , 1 Eric Calais, 2 Richard Wonnacott, 3 Helen Seyler 1
Gateway Wellfield project, Gateway Wellfield project, Hermanus, South Africa: Hermanus, South Africa: Implementation, system Implementation, system
testing, aquifer monitoring testing, aquifer monitoring andand
hydrogeodetic observation hydrogeodetic observation
Chris Hartnady,1 Andiswa Mlisa,1 Eric Calais,2
Richard Wonnacott,3 Helen Seyler1
11 Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd, Muizenberg, South Africa22 EAS Dept, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
33 CD:NGI, Mowbray, South Africa
AfricaArray 2011 workshop, AfricaArray 2011 workshop, University of the WitwatersrandUniversity of the Witwatersrand22 Nov 201122 Nov 2011
Hermanus Groundwater Project:Hermanus Groundwater Project:Implementation & System TestingImplementation & System Testing
CCTCCTHNUSHNUS
Table Mountain Group Table Mountain Group palaeogeographypalaeogeography
Deposition of TMGDeposition of TMG at at mouth of Amazon-mouth of Amazon-scale river system scale river system draining southern draining southern front of vast front of vast Famatinian-Taconic Famatinian-Taconic mountain belt in mountain belt in collision zone collision zone between Gondwana between Gondwana and Laurentia and Laurentia
TMG - Amazon delta analogueTMG - Amazon delta analogue
Until 1976 single schemes in each town:Surface water use (dams) in Fisherhaven and Voelklip
Groundwater use (boreholes or small wellfields) in Hawston, Onrus, Hermanus
Since 1976 DeBos Dam as source for all towns in Greater Hermanus AreaPreviously used schemes abandoned
Overstrand Water SupplyOverstrand Water Supply
Overstrand Groundwater Overstrand Groundwater InvestigationInvestigation
Phase A – Inception (2001/2002)Phase B – Detailed Design &
Implementation (2002 – 2006)B1 – Wellfield Development at GatewayB2 – Monitoring programmeB3 – Hydrogeological ReconnaissanceB4 – License Application
Phase C – Conjunctive Water Resource Planning (2006 onwards)
Hermanus GeologyHermanus Geology
Hermanus Geo-profileHermanus Geo-profile
Peninsula Peninsula Aquifer:Aquifer:High confining High confining pressure, high pressure, high yielding yielding fracturesfractures
Wellfield pumping rates: 10 – 30 l/sLicense:1.5 Mm3/a
Gateway Wellfield
Monitoring Boreholes GWE07, GWE08, GWE09 and GWE10
Monitoring Wellpoints WP1 – WP4
Existing Production Borehole GWP01
New Production Borehole GWP02
New Production Borehole GWE06
Gateway ChallengesGateway Challenges
Management challenges in HermanusAvoid seawater intrusionAvoid dewatering confined aquiferAvoid unacceptable impact in ecologically sensitive recharge zone
Appropriate technology to address challenges??
Gateway steady-state modelGateway steady-state modelPosition of modelled Hermanus Fault
NE
Alice Dodman, 2008Alice Dodman, 2008
Limits pushed ?Limits pushed ?
Pushing limits of equipment & technical capabilities allows successful management in a potentially unmanageable environment (saline intrusion, environmental concern & opposition)
Monitoring system allows aquifer limits to be pushed
A 7-year human push…resulted in 20-year license awarded, an accepted aquifer management strategy, and handing over wellfield to municipality
Aquifer Monitoring FrameworkAquifer Monitoring Framework
Framework for Sustainable UseFramework for Sustainable Use
SCIENCE:Water resourceSOCIETY:
The people involved
Operational data:Pump test observation
MONITORING
Water levels / flows
Environmental impact
Available aquifer yield
BotanicalTheoretical means:Modelling
Onrus Monitoring Committee
DWA & CMA & DEA&DP
WSA & WSP WUAI&APs
Sustainable Management of Gateway Wellfield & Peninsula Aquifer
Monitoring ProgrammeMonitoring Programme
Based on Hydrocensus (2003)Spatial and time distribution of
Rainfall Stream flowWater level (Surface and Groundwater)Water qualityEcological conditionWater use and abstraction
Monitoring overviewMonitoring overviewMonitored point
Water level
EC Flow rate
pH Chemical analysis
Isotopes
3 x production
* *
6 x Peninsula monitoring
N/A
3 x Skurweberg monitoring
N/A x
6 x shallow WP
N/A x
1 x other major GW user
GW dependent ecosystems
x
x x
Three–tiered systemThree–tiered system
Long term monitoring
Early warning system
Emergency response
3–tiered system3–tiered system
Monitoring point
Water level
EC Flow rate
pH Chemical analysis
Isotopes
3 x production
Monthly to ad hoc
Every second
Out of acceptable range? Immediate sms alarms
Checked daily
Every 30 minutes
Transmits to internet every hour
Real-time monitoring Real-time monitoring
Enables Overstrand to show to DWA, DEA&DP, and I&AP’s concerned with potential environmental impact, that Peninsula aquifer targeted at Gateway can - and is being - managed sustainably
Has therefore become key aspect of licence conditions
Is essential for sustainable aquifer management in such sensitive environment
Water-Level Monitoring (2003-Water-Level Monitoring (2003-2011)2011)
GWE06 – WL & EC record (2010-GWE06 – WL & EC record (2010-2011)2011)
Hydrogeodetic ObservationHydrogeodetic Observation
Precedent case study:Precedent case study: Mesquite, Nevada Mesquite, Nevada
Mesquite settingMesquite setting
South African TrigNet systemSouth African TrigNet systemNetwork of permanent continuously operating GPS
(cGPS) base stationsDistributed throughout South Africa at approximately
200 – 300 km spacingAll stations record 1-second epoch data on both
GPS frequencies (L1 and L2) through geodetic-standard choke ring antennas
21 stations stream data continuously to TrigNet control centre in Chief Directorate: Surveys and Mapping
Available within 30 minutes after each hour for 24 hours a day
TrigNet station distributionTrigNet station distribution
HNUSHNUS
Gateway wellfield and HMOGateway wellfield and HMO
Hermanus Magnetic Hermanus Magnetic ObservatoryObservatory
Gateway and HMO cGPSGateway and HMO cGPS
Acquisition of InstrumentsAcquisition of InstrumentsAshtec eBox
Trimble Zephyr antenna
Construction and EstablishmentConstruction and EstablishmentPillar to be rigid and well anchored to borehole plinth
Construction and EstablishmentConstruction and EstablishmentMonument and antenna installation at wellheads (Oct-Nov 2008) for measurement of
surface subsidence during groundwater abstraction
1st project 1st project workshopworkshop
field inspectionfield inspection(Jan 2009)(Jan 2009)
Data HandlingData Handling
Telemetry systemCell phone communication Private Network (machine to machine)remote downloading of dataremote access to site
Data handling challenges and possible solutionsData record at 1sec interval - 77MB per station per dayCompression function not workingTransfer of data site-Umvoto-AIMSCollaboration with Centre for High Computing for data transfer?Collaboration with CSIR-SAC for data mirroring / backup and
transfer?Data reduction process from 1sec-30sec
HY 2008-09 Test PumpingHY 2008-09 Test Pumping
HGW1 & HGW2HGW3
Gateway and HMO cGPSGateway and HMO cGPS
HGW1-HGW2 HGW1-HGW2 ResultsResults
end pumping
No observed signal
HGW3 to HNUS ResultHGW3 to HNUS Result
end pumping
?
??
?
Complex end-pumping signal, in N component only?
Unexplained blips in E component
HGW3 to HNUS ResultsHGW3 to HNUS Results
end pumping
Initial (~10 mm) response in opposite direction to expected uplift, possibly related to poro-elastic deformational response in overlying aquitard (Noordbergum-Rhade effects)
Recovery uplift (~20 mm) linked to ~15 m rise in Peninsula aquifer water-level?
Restoration to zero?
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements The Overstrand Municipality, in particular town engineer,
Mr Stephen Muller, for generous co-operation
The Department of Land Affairs & Rural Development (Chief Directorate: National Geospatial Information) for technical support and assistance related to TrigNet and additional GPS hardware
The WRC and Dr Shafiek Adams for funding support
The Department of Science and Technology for additional funding support
Prof. Hans-Peter Plag and IGCP565 for support to attend Johannesburg workshop