8/11/2019 Chimer

1/4

By

Richard

Bansemer

ACROSS

1.

You

shall

eatthefruitof

the_

ofyour

hands (Psalm

1

28:2)

6.

Do

nottake

advantage

of

a_

worker (Duetero

nomy 24:1

4;

Nrv).

11.

Shawl

12. Admirer

14.

_-day

Saints

15.

TheWord_flesh

(John

1 :1

4)

16.

Three

score

years

and 1

0,

for example

17. Shirts

undershirts

19, 0h,

say

can

you

_...

20.

Miss

Muffet fare

22.

_King

Cole,

musician

23.

Bysuch work,we must

support the

_

(Acts

20:35)

24. Allen

_

(an

for

president)

26. Lurayand

Endlessfortwo

28.

_cago

(prefix)

30.

Small

amount

31, Jesus

answered

them,

My

Father

is still_

(john

5:17)

35.

Kingly

impressions

39.

Acts like

a

monkey

40.

Witches'

brew holder

42.

Soil

type

43,

Playtime

atschool

(abbr.)

44.

Shepherds

...

keeping

_over

their

flock

by night

(Luke

2:8)

tl6.

Rainbow

effect

(abbr.)

47.

Three-legged

stand

49. Budget

lodging

for hikers

51. Typeofcomedy

52. Scandalize

53.

The

Father_

such asthese

to

worship

him

(John

4:23)

54,

Monetary

transactions

DOWN

1.

Luther_

(old

youth

group)

2.

Life bearing

vessel

3.

Belfry

resident

4.

Oilcartel

5.

Showed

an old

movie again

6.

_forHumanity

7.

March 15

8. Mythologicalbird

L

Pencil

ender

10. Degrade

11.

0ne

who is

_

in work

is

close

to

a vandal

(Proverbs

1

8:9)

13.

Stinks

18.

Big

_

21,

Packsofcards

23.

Ski,

alternating directions

25.

_ite,

Muslim

27.

Bodytube

29.

Takes

over

31.

Toad

gifts?

32.

Musicals

33. Sayfrom

memory

34.

Thug's revolver

36.

0f

a

main

artery

37. Tags

38. Aroma

41.

African nation

(var.)

44.

God

... will

not

overlookyour

_

and the

love ...

(Hebrews

6:10)

45.

...

we

toil

and

struggle,

because

we have

our

_

set

on

the living

God

...

(1

Timothy

4:10)

48.

Five

and 20

blackbirds

made

one

50.

Health resort

2

4

I 3

10

11

13

11

'16

t6

17

t6

19

2A

zl

27

21

25

26

27

31

34

35

36

40

11 42

u

45

46

47

t8

{9 50

51

i4

ran

out

of

luck

so

I

brought

donuts.,,

God's

work. Our

hands.

i

8/11/2019 Chimer

2/4

Zion

choir members

pose

for a formal

portrait.

American

Lutherans

and

World

War

I

By

Laura

Gifford

s a

devout

Presblterian,

President

Woodrow

Wilson

understood

the significance of

l9l7.Four

centuries

after

Martin

Luthert courageous

stand

unleashed

the Protestant

Reformation,

Europe

was

again

embroiled

in

conflict.

By

April, Wilson had concluded

the

U.S.

must

join

the

fight.

Proclaiming

before

Congress

that

the

world

must

be

made

safe for

democracyi'

Wilson

concluded

with

words

lifted

straight

from

the

Diet

of Worms:

God

helping

her,

[America]

can

do no

other

(Sword

of the

Spirit,

Shield

of

Faithby

Andrew

Preston; Alfred A. ifuopf,2012).

Between

the

outbreak of World War I

in 1914

and

U.S.

entrance

in

1917,

Lutherans tended

to be

nominally

pro-German.

Manywere descended

from

German

immi-

grants,

but even

Scandinavian Lutherans

inherited

their

ancestral

lands' suspicion of

Britain.

The

war

upon

Ger-

many

unleashed

a

wave of soul-searching

and

recrimina-

tion

from

outsiders

who

viewed Lutherans

as

foreigni'

VEeuved

with sempiciolr

Many

Lutheran

churches, especially

in

the more

recently

settled

Midwest,

offered services

in

German,

Norwegian,

Swedish

or other

Scandinavian languages.

Families

often

settled

in

church-centered

ethnic communities.

But

war

turned

community assets into liabilities.

As

xenophobia

(fear

of strangers) swept

the nation,

Ameri-

cans

established

defense

councils,

renamed

sauerkraut

liberty

cabbage and heaped

suspicion upon

non-Eng-

Iish

speakers.

Government authorities

also required

the

ethnic

press

to file

translations of all articles,

said Maria

Erling,

historian

of the Lutheran Theological

Seminary

at

Gettsyburg

(Pa.).

Fears

of

perceived

disloyalty

led

Scandi-

navian

churches

to hasten a transition

to English

already

underway

within

a

new American-born

generation.

German

churches

fell under

particular

suspicion.

Many

responded

with Americanization

campaigns.

For

example,

Zion Lutheran,

Ann Arbor,

Mich.,

stopped

its

34 www.thelutheran.org

years

ag

npatriots'in

any

languag

During World

War l, Zion

Lutheran

Church, Ann

Arbor, Mich.

placed

a U.S. flag

above

the

altar.

8/11/2019 Chimer

3/4

German

services

and switched church

records

to

English.

In l9l7

four Pasadena,

Calif.,

churches

had

German'

in their

names. By the late

1920s,

there

were

none.

In

Middletown, Conn., German

Evangelical

Lutheran

Church

sandblasted its facade and

renamed itself

St.

Paull'Even

this action failed to

protect Middletown

deli-

catessen

owner

Carl Theodore Herrman.

Roused

from

slumber

by a mob and

accused

of making

pro-German

remarks,

he

was

made

to

kiss

an

American

flag. While

police arrived,

many

townspeople

contributed

donations

toward the

ringleaders' fines.

Perhaps

the most

surprised

victims

were

Southern

Lutherans,

many from long-established,

even

pre-

Revolutionary,

families.

fohn

Horine, editor of the Southern

Lutheran

Church

Visitor,

wrote

in 1916:

The

relationship

of

the

Lutheran

Church

in

America to the German nation and govern-

ment,

if it exists

at all, must

be

very

distant-a

sort

of

second

cousinship

twice removedl'

Lutheran

Theological Southern

Seminary

completed

a magnificent

granite building on the

highest

point

in

Columbia,

S.C.,

in

1911.

Initially this was

a

source

of

pride. After

1914,

however,

rumors

began

to fly that

the'German

Lutherans'had

built not a seminary,

but

a

fortress

on that

elevation,

so

that they

could rain

cannon

fire on

the city

from the cupola

on

topi'

said

seminary

historian

Susan

McArver.

While

Columbians

had

experienced

just

that

from

Union

troops

50 years

prior,

Southern

Lutherans

were

shocked

to

find

themselves

under such

suspicion,

McArver

said.

Many Americans

applauded

Wilsons

1916

promise

to

keep

us

out

of warl' Once

U.S.

troops

entered

the

fight,

however,

Lutherans came under

particular

suspicion.

McArver's

data

notes that the

Secret

Service

investigated

Walton

Greever,

a

Lutheran pastor and editor

of

The

American

Lutheran

Survey,

for articles

he

had

written

urging

non-entry

in

1914

and

1915.

But

Lutherans

throughout

the country

defended

themselves

against

allegations

of

disloyalry,

The South

Carolina

Synod

passed a memorial in1917

reaffirming

its

loyal

adherence

... ofpatriotic

devotion

to

the flag

ofthe

country

[and]

of respect

for civil authorityi'The

heav-

ily

German

Lutheran Church-Missouri

Synod

passed

algsolution

in

1918

observing that

more than

165,000

Lutheran

men were fighting in the

U.S.

military

and accu-

sations

of

disloyalty were

either

ignorance

or

malicei'

noted

the

Waco

(Texas)

MorningNews

in

1918.

The war

years stimulated movements

already

under-

way

to

foster

greater Lutheran unity.

Three

Norwegian

Lutheran

synods

merged

in

1917

to form the Norwegian

Lutheran

Church

of

America.

The

predominantly

eastern

General

Synod,

General Council,

and

United Synod

of

the South

forged the

United

Lutheran Church

in America

in

November

1918.

The

needs

of Lutheran

enlistees also

spurred

formation

inI9l7

of the

National

Lutheran

Commission

for Soldiers'

and Sailors' Welfare,

which

matured

into the

cooperative

National

Lutheran Council.

Lutherans,

then, ended

World

War I

a

more

united,

but

Iess ethnic, church

community.

As historian Fred Meuser

put it,

these

years'tonstitute

one

of

the most significant

watersheds

in

Lutheran

history

in America.

Theologically

there

was

little

change,

but the

self-awareness

and the

spirit of

the church

has

never

been the

samel'

E

Dissent

urithout

disloyalty

or

Lutherans

uncomfortable

with war, 1917 and

1918

were

fraughtwith

difficult

questions.

In late

1914, Oliver

D.

Baltzly, pastor of

Koun-

tze Memorial

Lutheran

Church

in

Omaha,

Neb.,

gave

thanks for

President

Woodrow

Wilson's

day

of

prayer

for

peace. Baltzly

mourned the

lives

lost

to

'tommer-

cial

or

territorial

aggrandizement,

a

ruler's whim

or

some

equally

unholy

reasonl'

After

1917,

Baltzly

labeled the

conflict

Mr.

Wilson's

war and

criticized

the

president for

failing to

seek

the

people's

opinion

before

waging what

was

not

a

righ-

teous war

(Lutheranism

in

North

America, 1914'1970

by

E.

Clifford

Nelson;Augsburg,

1972).

Baltzly's

comments

unleashed

a

torrent

of

pub-

lic

criticism.

Fellow

Lutheran

pastor H.W.

Saeger

Iamented

the

pastor's words

as

pour[ing]

oil

on

already

burning

flamesl'

Then five

Kountze church

council

members

resigned

because

the council

tabled

a

resolution

pledging

unqualified

support

for the war.

Baltzly

took

steps

to

emphasize

his loyalty

and

congregants'patriotism.

He

donated

a large U.S.

flag

to Kountze

and endorsed

creation

ofa

service

flag

celebrating

120 members

who

fought.

When Lutheran

churches

began

a campaign

to

fund

Army

religious

work

in

February

1918, Kountze

contributed

a

remarkable

$1,800

($28,000

in

todaY's

dollars).

Laura

Gifford

Author

bio:

Gifford,

a historian

and

writer,

is

a nember

of

Joyful

Seruanl

Lutheran

Church,

Newberg, Ore,

September2014

35

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