Child Devlopment Ppt
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Transcript of Child Devlopment Ppt
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7/27/2019 Child Devlopment Ppt
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CHILD DEVELEOPMENT
Growth = Physical Development
Increase of size & number of cells
Different parts in different times
Measured by anthropometry
Evaluated by growth reference lines
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CHILD DEVELEOPMENT
Development = Change in function
Difficult to separate from growth
Abnormal growth = Abnormal Development
Individual variation in development
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CHILD DEVELEOPMENT
In All Children:
Development is a continuous process
Stepwise eg. child cant walk before standing
4 abilities: fine motor, gross motor, language,
personal / social The 4 abilities are coordinate & integrate eg.
Walking is gross motor but curiosity, learning
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DEVELOPMENT NEEDS
MATERIAL:
1. Housing 2. Care3. Protection 4. Food / nutrition
5. Clothing 6. Warmth
7. Rest 8. Clean air
9. Sunlight 10. Activity
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DEVELOPMENT NEEDS
PSYCHOLOGICAL / EMOTIONAL:
1. Love / Affection 2. Continuous care
3. Security 4. Self-respect
5. Education 6. Learning life skills
7. Opportunity to learn from personal experience
8. Opportunity to achieve success even if little
9. Opportunity to shoulder responsibilities
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FACTORS AFFECTING
DEVELOPMENT
Various factors before, during or after birth
I- Parents Related:
1. Intelligence 2. Character
3. Culture 4. Maternal age at birth
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FACTORS AFFECTING
DEVELOPMENT
II- Genetic Factors:
Genetic disorders eg. cong. anomalies
III- Metabolic Diseases eg. cong.
hypothyroid
IV- Chromosomal abnormalitieseg. Down syndrome
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FACTORS AFFECTING
DEVELOPMENT
V- Pregnancy Related:
1. Diseases of pregnancy 2. Multiple preg.3. Drugs 4. Infertility
5. Maternal exhaustion 6. Prematurity
7. Abnormal presentation 8. Postmaturity
9. Neonatal hypoxia 10. Birth injuries
11. Neonatal convulsions
12. Uterine & placental problems
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ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT
1. Nutrition
2. Family size
3. Early illness
4. Emotional deprivation
Children development abilities in D.C.s are
measured using the same norms of
western standards !!
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DEVELOPMENT SCREENING
Is a secondary prevention tool aims at
early detection of abnormalities
Is the organized procedure for early
discovery of diseases or risk factors in
people who are apparently healthy
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DEVELOPMENT SCREENING
A screening tool is not necessarily a
diagnostic tool but those at risk screened
must be referred for diagnosis & treatment
Best eg. of a screening test is that for PKU.
Age at which PKU was diagnosed wasreduced from 4 years to 4 weeks after using
screening with positive effects.
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CRITERIA FOR A SCREENING
TOOL
1. Validity sensitivity & specificity
2. Reliability should give same results as
reuse
3. Fast to screen largest numbers
4. Simplicitydoesnt need great expertise
5. Cost effective of low cost
6. Culturally acceptable to the community