Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science 2009 …....

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science 2009 Annual Report

Foreword............................................................................................................ 5

Academics......................................................................................................... 7

Imaging.Science.Undergraduate.Program............................................................. 7Digital.Cinema.Program...................................................................................... 11.Imaging.Science.Graduate.Program.................................................................... 13.Color.Science.Graduate.Program........................................................................ 17Astrophysical.Sciences.and.Technology.Graduate.Program................................ 21.

Research.......................................................................................................... 25

Digital.Imaging.and.Remote.Sensing.Lab............................................................ 25Laboratory.for.Imaging.Algorithms.and.Systems................................................. 31Munsell.Color.Science.Laboratory....................................................................... 39.Rochester.Imaging.Detector.Laboratory.............................................................. 45.Printing.Research.and.Imaging.System.Modeling.Lab......................................... 49Multidisciplinary.Vision.Research.Laboratory...................................................... 53Biomedical.Imaging.Laboratory........................................................................... 57.Magnetic.Resonance.Imaging.Laboratory........................................................... 63.Optics................................................................................................................. 65Nanoimaging.Research.Laboratory..................................................................... 67Laboratory.for.Space.Weather.Alert.Technologies.Astronomical.Imaging............ 69.Historical.Manuscript.Restoration....................................................................... 71.

Outreach.......................................................................................................... 73

The.RIT.Insight.Lab.for.Science.Outreach.and.Learning.Research...................... 73Prospective.Student.Outreach.Programs............................................................ 77

Alumni............................................................................................................... 81

Featured.Alumnus—Mahdi.Nezamabadi.and.Mahnaz.Mohammadi..................... 81.

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Table of Contents

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Dear Readers,.

Once.again.we.have.the.pleasure.of.reporting.out.to.you.on.the.myriad.activities.and.achievements.of.our.faculty,.staff,.and.students.this.past.year.in.the.Chester.F..Carlson.Center.for.Imaging.Science...And.it.has.been.another.great.year.for.us,.full.of.new.discoveries.reported.out.in.the.literature.and.the.press,.new.innovations.resulting.in.new.patents.and.new.business.initiatives,.student.awards,.graduations,.and.career.successes,.new.research.directions,.and.new.collaborations.both.within.and.outside.of.RIT...We.are.proud.of.the.strong.interdisciplinary.community.of.researchers,.learners,.and.teachers.we.have.built.in.our.Center..Each.student.we.graduate.is.another.force.whose.energy.and.ideas.will.help.to.build.the.future..Challenging.times?.Yes...But.as.you.will.see.as.you.leaf.through.these.pages,.we.have.risen.to.the.challenge..We.hope.you.enjoying.sharing.in.our.accomplishments.

Best,.

Stefi Baum, Director

September 19, 2008By Susan Gawlowicz

Challenges of female scientists explored in new essay collection

No.one.talks.about.it.much,.but.if.you’re.a.female.scientist,.you’re.faced.with.it.every.day:.the.challenge.of.being.a.serious.scientist.and.an.ideal.mother..Those.who.haven’t.made.the.choice.must.decide.what.they.can.live.with:.foregoing.mother-hood.for.a.career.in.science.or.a.career.in.science.instead.of.motherhood,.or.finding.a.way.to.meld.the.two.

Motherhood,.the.Elephant.in.the.Laboratory:.Women.Scientists.Speak.Out,.edited.by.Emily.Monosson.and.published.by.ILR.Press,.is.a.collection.of.34.essays.by.mother-scientists.who.share.their.stories.and.insights.on.achieving.balance.and..defining.success.

RIT.scientist.Stefi.Baum.contributed.her.insights.in.the.essay,.“The.Accidental.Astronomer,”.detailing.the.career.and.family.choices.she.made.at.the.outset.of.her.career.in.the.1980s..Baum.is.the.director.of.RIT’s.Chester.F..Carlson.Center.for.Im-aging.Science.and.co-chair.of.the.new.Astrophysical.Sciences.and.Technology.graduate.program..She.has.balanced.a.suc-cessful.career.inside.and.outside.academia.with.the.domestic.demands.of.being.the.mother.of.four.children.

In.her.essay,.Baum.reflects.on.timing.her.pregnancies.“so.as.not.to.be.visibly.pregnant”.during.her.early.job.interviews;.giving.birth.to.her.first.child.in.a.small.village.in.Holland.while.on.a.joint.post-doctoral.fellowship.with.her.husband.at.the.Netherlands.Foundation.for.Radio.Astronomy;.and.returning.to.work.only.one.week.after.having.had.her.first.son.

“Critical.to.being.able.to.juggle.a.scientific.career.and.a.young.family.was.having.the.perfect.collaborator—a.husband.who.shared.all.aspects.with.me.from.scientific.discovery.to.baby.trips.to.the.doctor,”.Baum.says..Her.husband,.Chris.O’Dea,.is.also.an.astronomer.and.a.professor.of.physics.at.RIT.

As.director.of.the.Center.for.Imaging.Science,.Baum.has.sought.ways.to.increase.the.representation.of.girls.in.sci-ence.and.women.in.academia..She.started.a.series.of.annual.programs.with.the.Girl.Scouts.of.Genesee.Valley.through.the.center..Baum.is.also.working.with.Margaret.Bailey,.Kate.Gleason.Endowed.Chair.and.associate.professor.of.mechani-cal.engineering,.who.won.a.National.Science.Foundation.grant.to.increase.the.participation.and.advancement.of.women.in.academic.science.and.engineering.careers.

Baum,.when.at.the.Space.Telescope.Science.Institute.before.coming.to.RIT,.headed.the.engineering.division.supporting.the.Hubble.ground.systems.and.supervised.140.engineers,..scientists.and.support.staff.

In.addition,.Baum.led.the.team.working.on.a.new.instrument.to.be.placed.on.Hubble.called.the.Space.Telescope.Imaging.Spectrograph..Baum.and.her.husband.took.the.family.to.Cape.Canaveral,.Florida,.to.watch.the.launch.of.the.shuttle.carrying.the.instrument.Baum.helped.develop.

Forward

university | NEWS ❯❯

Professor Roger Easton gives a presentation about his document restoration work in India at a weekly meeting of the student chapter of the Society of Imaging Science and Technology.

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Imaging Science Undergraduate Program Program Coordinator’s CommentsBy Carl SavaggioSo.as.I.finish.up.my.third.year.as.the.coordinator.of.the..undergraduate.program.in.Imaging.Science,.I.am.very.pleased.to.say.that.I.like.where.the.program.is.currently.and.where.it.is.heading.in.the.future..While.the.amount.of.spon-sored.research.continues.to.grow.in.the.Center,.so.does.the.involvement.of.our.undergraduate.student.body..You.know.a.new.trend.is.becoming.a.cultural.norm.when.you.do.not.speak.of.it.any.longer..It.is.unusual.to.hear.someone.say.that.we.are.in.the.“internet.era”.any.longer,.it.is.just.where.we.now.are..That.is.becoming.true.in.the.culture.at.the.Center.with.regard.to.the.“undergraduate.research”.era—most.of.our.undergraduate.students.participate.in.our.laboratories,.or.with.outside.companies.and.agencies,.on.numerous.research.projects.and.is.now.just.a.natural.part.of.their.time.with.us.at.the.Center..This.is.exactly.what.RIT’s.newest.president.would.like.to.see.across.the.Institute,.and.it.is.great.to.say.that.we.are.already.there.

This.fact.has.strengthened.the.already.powerful.market..appeal.of.our.graduating.students.and.opportunities.are.still.plentiful.for.them,.even.during.the.current.economic.struggles.that.our.nation.is.enduring..During.the.career.fairs,.at.our.weekly.meeting.of.the.student.chapter.of.IS&T,.and.through.interactions.with.our.numerous.sponsors,.the.industry.that.centers.itself.around.imaging.is.still.coming.to.the.Center..and.looking.to.hire.our.graduates.

We.continue.to.struggle.to.attract.the.numbers.of.students.that.the.industry.would.like.to.see.us.put.out.each.year,.but.we.do.all.we.can.to.make.those.numbers.grow..Taking.every.opportunity.afforded.to.him,.our.Associate.Director,.Joe.Pow.continues.to.personally.encourage.the.right.students.to.join.us.each.year..Whether.that.is.through.visits.to.high.schools,.College.and.Careers.days.at.RIT,.or.personal.communica-tions,.the.majority.of.our.incoming.class.always.respond.to.the.question.“How.did.you.hear.about.Imaging.Science?”..

with.the.answer,.“Joe.Pow.spoke.to.me.”.All.of.us.at.the..Center.cannot.express.how.appreciative.we.all.are.for.his.tireless.efforts.

It.has.been.another.great.year.at.the.Center.and.I.hope.that.everyone.reading.this.report.can.in.someway.stay.involved.with.these.great.students.that.we.have..Whether.it.is.provid-ing.an.internship.possibility,.whether.it.is.visiting.campus.and.talking.at.our.seminar.series.or.to.the.Friday.afternoon.meeting.of.the.student.chapter.of.IS&T,.or.through.the.sponsorship.of.a.high.school.senior’s.application.to.our.program—it.is.very.rewarding.to.be.a.part.of.the.Center.

Curriculum ChangesThe.faculty.and.the.students.had.a.retreat.this.past.spring.to.see.what.is.working,.what.is.not,.and.what.is.missing..What.we.decided.to.do.was.to.form.three.sub-committees.of..faculty.and.students.to.look.at.three.areas.were.we.thought.we.could.improve.our.educational.mission..The.first.was.tasked.to.take.a.fresh.look.at.the.mathematics.and.statistics.portion.of.our.curriculum.and.extend.our.internal.offerings...The.second.was.to.look.at.the.systems.portion.of.our..curriculum.and.make.certain.that.it.is.relevant.to.the.needs..of.our.industry.today..The.third.was.to.look.at.incorporating.some.of.today’s.newest.and.most.exciting.technologies,.three-dimensional.imaging.and.digital.video.processing.into.our.curriculum..These.are.major.endeavors.and.will.take.some.time.to.implement.in.the.best.manner.possible,.however,..they.are.exciting.modifications.and.evolutions.that.we.are..all.excited.to.make.happen.

Student BodyAt.approximately.50.students,.the.undergraduate.popula-tion.in.Imaging.Science.continues.to.be.a.wonderful.collec-tion.of.aspiring.scientists,.lab-savvy.students,.and.systems.engineers..We.expect.this.group.to.grow.by.the.addition.of.undergraduate.students.this.coming.year.from.other.colleges.and.departments.at.RIT.as.well.as.other.universities.in.the.region..We.will.be.continuing.to.try.and.bring.the.field.to.which.we.have.all.dedicated.our.careers.to.the.next.generation.

Incoming Class Profile (Fall 2009)We.are.very.fortunate.to.have.accepted.9.new.students.to.RIT.and.the.undergraduate.program.in.Imaging.Science.this.year..Also,.two.internal.transfers.from.other.RIT.programs.have.grown.our.family.in.the.Center..Our.complementary.program.in.the.College.of.Imaging.Arts.and.Sciences,.Digital.Cinema,.has.brought.15.new.incoming.students.to.RIT.so.our.classrooms.will.continue.to.be.filled.with.the.next.generation.of.scientists.to.continue.to.grow.the.field.of.imaging,.both.still.and.video.

Awards/RecognitionWhile.the.undergraduate.program.in.Imaging.Science.is.a.small.one.when.compared.to.other.programs.in.the.College.of.Science,.the.performance.of.the.students.that.make.up.this.program.is.exceptional..This.level.of.quality.has.gained.rec-ognition.for.many.of.these.young.people.within.the.University,.in.the.local.community,.and.at.National.level..The.following.awards.have.been.bestowed.on.our.students.in.Imaging.Sci-ence.during.the.2008-2009.academic.year:

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science—Carlson ScholarshipAnn.Nunziata.(2009).Caroline.Houston.(2009).Christopher.Tomkins-Tinch.(2009,.2008,.2007).Joel.Witwer.(2009,.2008).Karla.Hatfield.(2009,.2008).Mark.Giglio.(2009,.2008,.2007).Meghan.Dorn.(2009).Monica.Cook.(2009,.2008).Peter.Leung.(2009).Philip.Salvaggio.(2009)

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science—Fitz ScholarshipAllison.Bright.(2009)

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science—Jerry Hughes ScholarshipDavid.Kelbe.(2009)

Academics

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RIT College of Science—John Wiley Jones ScholarshipPaul.Romanczyk.(2009)

RIT College of Liberal Arts—Kearse Student Honor Award in PsychologyRebecca.Brown.(2009)

RIT Nathaniel Rochester ScholarshipJon.Purington

American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sens-ing—Central New York Region Student of the Year AwardPhilip.Salvaggio.(2009)

United States Geospatial-Information Foundation —United States Geospatial-Information Foundation ScholarshipJames.Albano.(2008).Philip.Salvaggio.(2008)

Student PublicationsWhile.RIT.as.a.whole.is.making.a.concentrated.effort.to.increase.research.and.scholarship.at.the.undergraduate.level,.the.students.in.the.Center.just.continue.to.do.what.they.have.been.doing.since.the.Center.was.formed.in.1989..This.year,.this.is.evidenced.by.the.following.publications.and.presenta-tions.made.by.our.undergraduates.

. •..Kastner,.J.H.;.Thorndike,.S.L.;.Romanczyk, P.A.;.Bu-chanan,.C.L.;.Catherine,.B.J.;.Sahai,.R.;.Egan,.M.,.The.LMC's.Top.250:.Classification.of.the.Most.Luminous.Compact.8.micron.Sources.in.the.Large.Magellanic.Cloud,.Astrophysical.Journal.(2008)

. •..Messinger,.D.W.;.Salvaggio,.C.;.Sinisgalli, N.M.,.Detection.of.gaseous.effluents.from.airborne.LWIR.hyperspectral.imagery.using.physics-based.signatures,.Spectral.Sensing.Research.for.Water.Monitoring.Ap-plications.and.Frontier.Science.and.Frontier.Science,.and.Technology.for.Chemical,.Biological.and.Radiologi-cal.Defense,.1st.Edition,.Dwight.Woolard.and.Janet.Jensen,.World.Scientific.Publishing.Company,.48,.Selected.Topics.in.Electronics.and.Systems,.Hacken-sack,.New.Jersey,.United.States.(2008)

. •..Arsenovic,.M.V.;.Salvaggio,.C.;.Garrett,.A.J.;.Bartlett,.B.D.;.Faulring,.J.W.;.Kremens,.R.L.;.Salvaggio, P.S.,.Use.of.remote.sensing.data.to.enhance.the.perfor-mance.of.a.hydrodynamic.simulation.of.a.partially.

frozen.power.plant.cooling.lake,.Proceedings.of.the.SPIE,.SPIE.Defense.and.Security,.Thermosense.XXXI,.Infrared.Sensors.and.Systems,.7299,.10,.Orlando,.Florida,.United.States,.April.(2009)

. •..Snyder, D.;.Kerekes,.J.;.Fairweather,.I;.Crabtree,.R.;.Shive,.J.;.Hager,.S.,.Development.of.a.web-based.ap-plication.to.evaluate.target.finding.algorithms,.Proceed-ings.of.the.2008.IEEE.International.Geoscience.and.Remote.Sensing.Symposium.(IGARSS),.Vol...2,.pp..915-918,.Boston,.MA,.2008

. •..Kerekes,.J.;.Pogorzala,.D.;.Parkes,.J.;.Shaw,A.;.Rahn,.D.;.Hyperspectral.Target.detection.using.multiple.plat-form.cuing,.Proceedings.of.the.First.IEEE.Workshop.on.Hyperspectral.Image.and.Signal.Processing:.Evolution.in.Remote.Sensing.(WHISPERS),.26-28.August,.2009,.Grenoble,.France.

. •..Baum,.K.,.Helguera,.M.,.Schmidt,.E.,.Rafferty, K.,.Krol,.A.,.Evaluation.of.genetic.algorithm-generated.multivariate.color.tables.for.the.visualization.of.multimodal.medical.fused.data.sets,.Proceedings.of.IEEE.NSS-MIC,.2008.

. •..Helguera,.M.,.Baum,.K.G.,.Schmidt,.E.,.Rafferty, K.,.Krol,.A.,.Evaluation.of.novel.genetic.algorithm.gener-ated.schemes.for.pet/mri.image.fusion,.Computers.in.Biology.and.Medicine,.under.review..February.2009.

InternshipsMonica Cook./.Optimax.Systems,.Incorporated

Nicholas Cox./.Areté.Associates

Mark Giglio./.QD.Vision

J.D. Parkes./.ITT.SSD

Christopher Tomkins-Tinch./.Oak.Ridge.National.Laboratory

Allison Bright /.ITT

Erin Schmidtmann./.ITT.SSD

Jon Purington./.ITT.SSD

Josh Zollweg./.Naval.Research.Laboratory

Undergraduate Research Experiences Within the Center(by Laboratory)

Vision Jon.Purington

Color Science (Munsell Color Science Laboratory) Mark.Giglio.Ann.Nunziata

Remote Sensing (DIRS) John.Parkes.Erin.Schmidtmann.Eugenie.Song.David.Snyder

Biomedical Imaging Laboratory Robert.Harrigan.Dien.Nguyen.Natalie.Tacconi

Astronomical Imaging (INSIGHT) Meghan.Dorn.Karla.Hatfield

Rochester Imaging Detector Laboratory (RIDL)Nicolas.Cox

Study AbroadChristina.Kucerak./.Australia

GraduatesIn.2008-2009,.the.following.students.have.graduated.with.a.Bachelor.of.Science.degree.from.the.undergraduate.program.in.Imaging.Science

. •.Juliet.Bernstein

. •.Rebecca.Brown

. •.Meredith.Curtis

. •.Coleen.Davis

. •.Christopher.DeAngelis

. •.Christina.Kucerak

. •.Claire.MacDonald

. •.David.Nilosek

. •.Jeffrey.Patel

. •.Kimberly.Rafferty

. •.Paul.Romanczyk

. •.David.Snyder

. •.Eugenie.Song

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Capstone ExperiencesDuring.the.2008-2009.academic.year,.the.fourth.year.stu-dents.participated.in.a.formal.capstone.experience.through.the.traditional.senior.project.to.prepare.them.for.a.specialty.within.imaging.science.or.for.graduate.school.in.the.com-ing.year..The.following.senior.projects.were.carried.out.and.completed.as.of.31.May.2009:

STUDENT. David.Snyder

ADVISER(S). Dr..Roxanne.Canosa.(Computer.Science)

TITLE. Object.recognition.of.ambiguous.shapes

ABSTRACT.

Using.psychophysical.theories,.a.method.of.completing.and.labeling.partially.occluded.or.ambiguous.shapes.is.presented..The.human.visual.system.prefers.simple.shapes.over.complicated.ones..Given.an.occluded.figure,.if.alternative.interpretations.of.the.figure.are.sug-gested.and.a.metric.used.to.determine.the.complexity.of.each.interpretation,.the.least.complex.shape.could.be.selected.as.the.correct.interpretation..This.information.could.also.be.be.used.to.retrieve.a.label.for.the.shape.from.a.database.of.known.shapes,.thus.performing.basic.shape.recognition..With.a.highly.restricted.input.set.of.data.this.process.has.been.shown.to.be.promis-ing..Simple.geometric.shapes.are.able.to.be.detected.when.partially.occluded.and.correctly.labeled.using.a.predefined.database..Likewise.successful.completion.shapes.in.real.imagery.has.also.been.demonstrated.

STUDENTDavid.Nilosek

ADVISOR(S)Dr..Jon.Arney.(Imaging.Science)

TITLEAbsolute.calibration.of.a.micro-goniophotometer

ABSTRACT.

In.this.study.an.absolute.calibration.of.the.micro-gonio-photometer.is.demonstrated..The.objective.of.this.study.is.to.develop.a.method.and.analytical.protocol.that.can.be.used.for.calibration.of.a.micro-goniophotometer..There.are.many.reasons.to.do.this,.such.as.being.able.to.measure.material.properties.of.printed.images.to.help.further.the.study.of.printed.image.gloss..The.micro-goniophotometer.is.a.device.that.measures.this.gloss,.or.specular.reflection..It.does.this.through.the.use.of.Fresnel’s.laws.and.two.polarizers..This.is.done.by.polar-izing.the.incident.light.and.reflected.light.

Three.experiments.were.conducted.for.the.calibration.of.the.micro-goniophotometer..The.first.experimental.proce-dure.that.happened.was.finding.a.reference.material.that.will.satisfy.the.parameters.of.the.micro-goniophotometer..The.cylinder.of.the.micro-goniophotometer.system.can.vary.in.diameter..By.changing.the.diameter.at.which.the.sample.under.measurement.is.curved,.it.changes.the.angular.resolution.in.the.horizontal.direction..A.reference.material.needs.to.be.found.that.can.be.used.across.many.cylinder.diameters.and.still.not.have.much.trouble.with.the.integration.of.its.measured.BRDF.curve..The.second.experiment.that.has.been.conducted.is.to.simply.get.a.good.measurement.of.many.different.materials.with.varying.Fresnel.reflectance.factors..Using.the.reference.method.of.calibration,.the.measured.Fresnel.reflectance.value.for.each.sample.will.be.measured.many.times..The.average.and.RMS.deviation.of.the.reflectance.value.will.be.found.from.that,.and.matched.with.the.known.Fresnel.reflectance.factor.of.the.different.materials..The.third.experiment.that.was.conducted.was.to.do.these.same.measurements.over.a.range.of.incident.light.angles.to.see.if.the.data.will.follow.the.predicted.Fresnel.reflectance.curve.for.incident.light.angle.

The.results.show.that.the.micro-goniophotometer.can.measure.the.Fresnel.reflectance.of.materials.within.2σ.of.the.system.using.polyvinyl.chloride.as.the.reference.material..It.was.also.shown.in.the.third.experiment.that.the.micro-goniophotometer.agrees.with.Fresnel’s.theory.with.regard.to.incident.light.angle..Two.anomalies.were.found.during.the.course.of.this.study..The.first.was.that.the.sur-face.texture.of.a.material.has.an.effect.of.the.measured.Fresnel.reflectance.of.the.material,.which.disagrees.with.the.facet.theory.of.gloss..The.second.anomaly.was.that.

a.cyan.ink.sample.was.found.to.have.a.high.reflectance.when.measured.in.red.light,.and.when.modeled.with.the.Fresnel.equations.it.was.found.to.have.a.complex.index.of.refraction..The.conclusion.of.this.study.was.that.the.micro-goniophotometer.can.be.calibrated.to.the.Fresnel.reflectance.of.a.material,.using.polyvinyl.chloride.as.a.reference..

STUDENTJeffrey.Patel

ADVISER(S)Dr..Robert.MacIntyre.(Imaging.Science)

TITLEHow.to.use.OSLO.in.optical.design

ADVISER(S)Professor.Robert.MacIntyre.(Imaging.Science)

ABSTRACT “OSLO”.is.the.name.of.a.commonly.used.optical.software.package,.standing.for.Optics.Software.for.Layout.and.Optimization..This.software.allows.the.student.to.model.optical.components.and.observe.and.analyze.key.ideas.and.problems.in.optical.design..Because.of.the.large.ca-pabilities.of.the.software.it.takes.a.considerable.amount.of.time.for.a.student.to.learn.the.full.potential.of.the.software..For.this.reason.it.was.advantageous.to.rigorously.review.the.current.tutorials.and.improve.upon.them..New.tutorials.were.also.be.added.to.further.the.student’s.capabilities.and.assist.in.his/her.learning.efficiency..Assessments.were.given.to.students.in.an.optical.design.class.to.study.their.comprehension.of.the.software..After.the.assess.ments.had.been.given.the.tutorials.were.reviewed.for.new.improvements..Once.the.tutorials.have.been.optimized,.students.should.have.an.understanding.of.to.use.OSLO.and.an.understanding.of.optical.design..The.tutorials.have.been.placed.onto.RIT’s.MyCourses.website.and.man-aged.by.Professor.MacIntyre..The.OSLO.tutorials.can.be.assessed.by.anyone.in.the.Institute.by.contacting.Profes-sor.MacIntyre.at.macintyre@cis.rit.edu.

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. STUDENTMeredith.Curtis

ADVISER(S)Dr..Carl.Salvaggio.(Imaging.Science).and.Dr..Thomas.Prettyman.(Los.Alamos.National.Laboratory)

TITLEApplication.of.image.reconstruction.techniques.to.Mars.neutron.spectroscopy.data

ABSTRACT.Data.sets.collected.by.the.Mars.Odyssey.Neutron.Spec-trometer.contain.artifacts.from.spatial.blurring.and.noise,.which.are.limiting.factors.in.the.interpretation.of.surface.physical.properties..The.spatial.response.of.the.spectrom-eter.is.about.10.degrees.(full.width.half.maximum).of.arc.length,.making.comparisons.to.and.synthesis.with.higher.resolution.optical.data.sets.and.geological.maps.chal-lenging..In.addition,.blurring.artifacts.can.cause.significant.errors.in.the.derived.surface.properties..Properties.con-strained.by.neutron.spectroscopy.include.the.abundance.of.water.equivalent.hydrogen.(WEH),.the.column.abun-dance.of.CO2.in.the.seasonal.caps,.and.the.abundance.of.elements.such.as.Fe.and.Cl,.which.have.large.cross.sections.for.thermal.neutron.absorption..Computer.codes.were.developed.to.reconstruct.maps.of.the.Martian.surface.with.reduced.blurring.and.noise,.which.can.be.subjected.to.geochemical.interpretation.with.greater.reliability..Penalty.function.and.iterative.deconvolution.techniques.(Jansson’s.method).were.implemented.and.compared.using.simulated.and.measured.data.sets..These.techniques.were.applied.to.global.reconstruction.of.the.Mars.neutron.spectroscopy.data.set..Both.techniques.were.effective.in.removing.noise.without.introducing.unrealistic.oscillations.in.the.recon-structed.maps..Results.of.the.study.are.presented.along.with.implications.to.Mars.science.

. STUDENTColeen.Davis

ADVISER(S)Dr..Jon.Arney.(Imaging.Science)

TITLESearch.for.a.psychometric.link.between.properties.of.gloss.to.radiometric.measurements

ABSTRACT Gloss.has.different.properties.that.have.yet.to.be.fully.understood..One.of.these.properties.is.bronzing..From.this.project.it.was.found.that.bronzing.can.be.observed.and.scaled.independently.of.the.color.of.the.sample..But.at.the.present.time.there.is.not.an.instrument.as.accurate.as.the.human.visual.system.to.observe.bronzing.

STUDENTDien.Nguyen

ADVISER(S)Dr..Maria.Helguera.(Imaging.Science)

TITLEDevelopment.of.a.novel.3-d.optical.molecular.system.incor-porating.structured.illumination.technology

ABSTRACT

A.currently.available.2-D.high-resolution,.optical.molecular.imaging.system.was.modified.by.the.addition.of.a.structured.illumination.source,.Optigrid™,.to.investigate.the.feasibility.of.providing.depth.resolution.along.the.optical.axis..The.modifi-cation.of.the.system.involved.the.insertion.of.the.Optigrid™.and.a.lens.in.the.path.between.the.light.source.and.the.im-age.plane,.as.well.as.control.and.signal.processing.software..The.primary.challenge.of.the.design,.which.was.to.project.the.Optigrid™.onto.the.imaging.surface.at.an.angle,.was.resolved.applying.the.Scheimpflug.principle..The.illumina-tion.system.implements.modulation.of.the.light.source.and.provides.a.framework.for.capturing.depth.resolved.mages.

The.system.is.capable.of.in-focus.projection.of.the.Opti-grid™.at.different.spatial.frequencies,.and.supports.the.use.of.different.lenses..A.calibration.process.was.developed.for.the.system.to.achieve.consistent.phase.shifts.of.the.Optigrid™..Post-processing.extracted.depth.information.using.depth.modulation.analysis.using.a.phantom.block.with.fluorescent.sheets.at.different.depths.

Post-Graduation Plans. •..Juliet.Bernstein.will.be.attending.graduate.school.at.

the.Graphics.and.Imaging.Laboratory.(GRAIL).of.the.University.of.Washington's.Department.of.Computer.Science.and.Engineering

. •..Rebecca.Brown.will.be.heading.to.our.Nation’s.capital.to.join.ITT

. •..Meredith.Curtis.will.be.starting.her.career.as.an.imaging.scientist.at.the.National.Geospatial-Intelligence.Agency.(NGA)

. •..Coleen.Davis.and.Christopher.DeAngelis.will.be.joining.a.long.list.of.other.imaging.scientist.graduates.at.ITT.Space.Systems.Division.right.here.in.Rochester

. •..Christina.Kucerak.will.be.working.with.ITT.Space.Sys-tems.Division.in.the.Greater.Washington,.DC.area.

. •..Claire.MacDonald.will.be.attending.the.University.of.Delaware.to.pursue.a.degree.in.Oceanographic.Re-mote.Sensing

. •..David.Nilosek,.David.Snyder,.and.Paul.Romanczyk.will.have.each.decided.to.continue.on.right.here.at.RIT.to.pursue.their.doctoral.degrees.in.Imaging.Science.-.we.are.very.glad.to.have.you.stay.on.with.us!

. •..Kimberly.Rafferty.will.taking.some.time.to.do.what.we.all.wish.we.could.have.done.after.college,.travel.the.globe,.before.making.that.decision.of.what.to.do.next.…

. •..Eugenie.Song.will.be.heading.back.from.where.she.came,.Seattle,.Washington,.to.attend.graduate.school.in.the.Earth.&.Space.Sciences.program.at.the.Univer-sity.of.Washington

Closing RemarksThe.Center.has.continued.all.of.the.traditions.that.have.made.it.such.a.special.place.for.so.long,.the.place.that.all.our.alumni.remember..The.Fall.Picnic,.the.Winter.Games,.the.Scavenger.Hunt,.and.a.new.one,.“The.First.(and.sometimes.Second).Years.dinner.out.with.the.faculty—they.chose.the.place.and.we.all.get.to.spend.some.relaxing.time..We.hope.that.all.these.traditions.and.the.great.academic.experience.that.everyone.has.continue.to.grow.our.long.line.of.fantastic.alumni.for.many.years.to.come.

11

Digital Cinema Program The.Digital.Cinema.program,.jointly.offered.by.RIT’s.School.of.Film.and.Animation.(SOFA).and.the.Chester.F..Carlson.Center.for.Imaging.Science.(CIS),.hit.a.milestone.this.coming.year,.wel-coming.it’s.4th.freshmen.class.to.campus..With.every.year.level.now.represented,.the.program.continues.to.expand.its.reach.in.both.the.SOFA.and.CIS.communities..Especially.exciting.are.the.thesis.projects.proposed.in.the.spring.of.2009.by.the.entering.seniors..Ringing.true.to.the.spirit.of.the.Digital.Cinema.experience.and.it’s.heavy.emphasis.on.imaging.science,.the.projects.vary.from.technical/creative.collaborations.to.applied.engineering.to.imaging.and.motion.picture.research..Example.projects.include.advanced.color.correction.in.support.of.SOFA.BFA.senior.proj-ects,.digital.imaging.workflow.support,.and.image.archiving.sys-tems..Returning.senior,.Chris.Clark,.will.be.investigating.state-of-the.art.image.encoding.as.an.extension.of.an.internship.he.was.awarded.with.the.Academy.of.Motion.Picture.Arts.and.Sciences.in.Hollywood.during.the.summer.of.2009..These.projects.are.just.the.start.of.what.will.continue.to.be.a.growing.focus.on.advanced.study.in.Digital.Cinema,.maintaining.RIT’s.strong.traditions.in.both.the.imaging.arts.and.sciences...In.addition.to.growing.enrollment.and.emerging.undergradu-ate.research,.Digital.Cinema.also.welcomed.two.new.adjunct.faculty.during.the.year..Kyle.Alvut.joined.from.Kodak’s.Image.Systems.Lab.where.he.is.Chief.Colorist.and.Lab.Manager.in.the.Entertainment.Imaging.research.group..At.RIT,.Kyle.teaches.color.correction.courses.for.both.BFA.and.BS.students.in.SOFA..Ed.Giorgianni.is.a.retired.Senior.Research.Fellow.from.Kodak.where.he.spent.a.38-year.career.researching.numerous.imaging.sys-tems..Ed.previously.taught.in.CIS.in.the.1990s.and.returns.again.now.to.teach.Digital.Cinema.and.Imaging.Science.undergradu-ates.advanced.concepts.in.digital.color.management..

Release Date: May 21, 2009

Contact:.Susan.Gawlowicz|[email protected]

RIT student combines interest in remote sensing with passion for globe-trottingDavid.Kelbe.wants.to.build.cameras,.climb.mountains.and.have.great.adventures.in.faraway.places.

The.second-year.imaging.science.major.has.an.unquenchable.wan-

derlust..A.year.ago,.Kelbe.was.studying.at.University.of.Dunedin.in.New.Zealand..Now,.he’s.planning.a.trip.to.South.Africa.with.the.help.of.the.staff.in.RIT’s.Study.Abroad.office,.where.he.works.part-time.

Dubbed.“a.natural.kiwi”.last.year.by.his.friends.in.New.Zealand,.Kelbe.quickly.graduated.from.sightseeing.road.trips.to.off-trail.excur-sions.and.alpine.mountaineering..During.his.time.there,.he.doubled.as.a.photo.correspondent.for.Glimpse,.a.nonprofit.organization.affiliated.with.the.National.Geographic.Society..He.was.one.of.only.12.students.picked.as.a.correspondent.from.among.thousands.of.applicants..

Glimpse.provides.a.forum.for.young.people.to.share.international.experiences.and.gave.Kelbe.an.excuse.to.explore.the.culture.and.quirkiness.of.New.Zealand..He.documented.the.time.he.spent.fish-ing.with.a.descendant.of.a.Maori.chief,.hanging.out.with.a.traditional.sheep.farmer,.and.trying.to.keep.up.with.senior.citizens.competing.in.a.24-hour.orienteering.race..He.even.wrote.a.food.critique.of.McDonald’s.Kiwiburger,.which.he.liked..(Kelbe’s.photo.essays.can.be.viewed.at.www.Glimpse.org.).

Photography.is.a.passion.for.Kelbe,.who.says.he.would.one.day.like.to.design.cameras..His.interest.in.remote.sensing.led.him.to.volunteer.at.University.of.Dunedin.analyzing.satellite.images.of.the.glaciers.he.“skied.on.during.the.weekends.”.His.analysis.contributed.to.the.Global.Land.Ice.Measurements.from.Space.project,.an.international.effort.to.monitor.glaciers.

“Working.on.the.project.did.open.my.eyes.up.to.the.fact.that.there.are.opportunities.everywhere,”.Kelbe.says.Back.at.RIT,.Kelbe.began.thinking.about.where.to.go.next.and.discovered.an.opportunity.to.study.at.the.University.of.Cape.Town.in.South.Africa.in.2010..The.spring.semester.there.starts.before.RIT’s.winter.quarter.ends,.giving.Kelbe.a.few.months.to.travel.around.before.starting.classes.

“I.would.really.like.to.climb.Mt..Kilimanjaro,.and.then.couch.surf.my.way.down.to.Cape.Town..Couch.surfing.is.a.worldwide.net-work.connecting.travelers.with.members.of.the.local.community.who.offer.free.accommodation.and.advice,”.he.explains..“South.Africa.is.really.beautiful.and.I’d.love.to.see.as.much.as.possible.”

Kelbe.looks.forward.to.contributing.photo.essays.again.to.Glimpse.whether.as.a.paid.correspondent.or.a.volunteer.

“I.really.believe.in.Glimpse’s.mission.of.helping.young.Americans.experience.real.life.abroad,.and.I.look.forward.to.helping.them.out.with.that.in.whatever.way.I.can,”.he.says..

Part.of.the.reason.Kelbe.picked.South.Africa.was.the.chance.to.work.on.a.remote-sensing.project.at.Kruger.National.Park.

involving.RIT.professor.Jan.van.Aardt,.director.of.the.Laboratory.for.Imaging.Algorithms.and.Systems.in.the.Chester.F..Carlson.Center.for.Imaging.Science..During.his.stay,.Kelbe.will.work.with.van.Aardt.and.his.colleagues.to.do.research.and.gather.data.for.his.senior.project,.which.he.will.start.at.RIT.this.summer.

“Even.though.imaging.science.is.a.small,.specialized.and.unique.major.here.at.RIT,.I.was.able.to.find.similar.fields.of.study.in.Dunedin,.New.Zealand,.and.now.in.Cape.Town,.South.Africa,”.Kelbe.says..“For.a.guy.who.loves.to.travel,.that’s.reassuring!”.

Release Date: Aug. 27, 2009

Contact:[email protected]

Oneida Resident Wins BAE Systems Fellowship to Study at RIT

Kimberly (Manser) Kolb will pursue her master’s in imag-ing science

Kimberly.(Manser).Kolb,.a.resident.of.Oneida,.N.Y.,.won.a.fellowship.from.BAE.Systems.to.pursue.a.master’s.degree.in.imaging.science.this.fall.at.Rochester.Institute.of.Technology.

Kolb,.the.daughter.of.Patricia.Manser.of.Oneida.and.the.late.James.Manser,.graduated.from.RIT.in.2008.with.a.B.S..in.microelectronic.engineering..She.will.begin.work.on.her.M.S..degree.at.RIT’s.Chester.F..Carlson.Center.for.Imaging.Science.in.September.

BAE.Systems.is.the.world’s.second-largest.defense.company..This.new,.two-year.fellowship.program.at.RIT.includes.tuition,.travel.support.and.a.stipend.

“The.BAE.Systems.Fellowship.will.allow.me.to.broaden.my.scope,”.Kolb.says..“Getting.a.degree.in.imaging.science.will.al-low.me.to.enter.into.things.like.solar.cells.and.satellites,.with.job.opportunities.geared.for.the.future.”

Kolb.will.focus.her.graduate.work.in.the.application.and.design.of.imaging.detectors..Her.background.in.semiconductor.fabrica-tion.will.enhance.her.research.in.this.area.

“With.a.masters.in.imaging.science,.I.can.pursue.what.interests.me—semiconductor.physics.and.imaging/detector.science—and.I.will.have.an.edge.on.others.in.the.field.because.of.my.five-year.semiconductor.physics.background,”.Kolb.says.


13

Imaging Science Graduate ProgramProgram Coordinator’s CommentsBy Anthony VodacekAs.research.and.scholarship.across.RIT.becomes.more.prominent,.there.are.transitions.in.administrative.policies.and.procedures.that.are.impacting.how.the.graduate.program.operates..The.policies.and.procedures.that.have.been.in.place.within.the.Center.are.often.used.as.a.template.for.Institute.poli-cies.and.procedures..Some,.but.not.all,.of.the.communication.is.becoming.centralized.under.the.Dean.of.Graduate.Studies..As.with.any.change,.the.Center.is.attempting.to.be.proactive.rather.than.reactive.relative.to.changes.in.policy.and.resource.allocations..The.Dean.of.Graduate.Studies.has.been.success-ful.as.an.advocate.for.the.graduate.students.and.their.unique.quality.of.life.needs.separate.from.the.general.undergraduate.population..These.include.increased.access.to.the.Student.Life.Center.and.a.health.care.option..

The.Center.has.always.garnered.funding.from.a.variety.of.industrial.partners.and.government.agencies..One.important.example.this.year.was.the.development.and.granting.of.a.BAE.Systems.Fellowship.for.an.M.S..student..BAE.is.providing.a.generous.stipend,.tuition,.travel.expenses,.summer.employ-ment.at.a.BAE.Systems.laboratory,.and.the.prospect.of.a.permanent.job.after.graduation..This.type.of.fellowship.allows.a.graduate.student.to.focus.on.industry.directed.research.and.transition.from.classroom.work.to.the.laboratory.earlier.than.the.traditional.Center.funded.graduate.assistant.who.has.teach-ing.assistant.duties.in.their.first.year..The.fellowship.was.widely.advertised.and.an.award.made,.with.that.student.now.enrolled.in.the.M.S..program..

Graduate Program FacultyThe.Center.for.Imaging.Science.Graduate.Faculty.continues.to.grow..There.are.now.50.members.of.the.CIS.Graduate.Faculty..The.Center.has.21.tenure.track.Faculty.with.a.primary.appointment.or.shared.appointment.in.the.Center,.16.Gradu-ate.Program.Faculty.with.their.primary.appointment.in.other.RIT.Departments.and.Colleges,.seven.Affiliate.Faculty.with.positions.in.industry.or.at.government.laboratories,.five.Research.Profes-sors.(at.various.ranks),.and.one.CIS.Fellow..Outside.of.the.tenure.track.Faculty.from.the.Center,.these.Graduate.Program.Faculty.are.associated.with.14.different.Centers,.Departments,.Programs,.or.Laboratories.internal.or.external.to.RIT.

Curriculum DevelopmentThe.primary.activity.on.the.curriculum.front.over.the.past.year.has.been.the.ongoing.definition.of.a.concentration.track.in.optics..The.impetus.for.the.new.track.came.from.the.addition.of.several.Graduate.Program.Faculty.members.with.specific.inter-est.in.optics,.both.geometrical.optics.and.physical.optics..

Graduate Student Body

Continuing Students

In.2008-2009.there.were.93.continuing.graduate.students.pur-suing.advanced.degrees.in.Imaging.Science..These.students.are.come.from.at.least.eight.countries..There.were.30.resident.M.S..students,.15.online.M.S..students,.and.48.Imaging.Sci-ence.Ph.D..students.

Incoming Class Profile (Fall 2009)

There.were.28.new.students.admitted.into.the.Imaging.Sci-ence.graduate.program.for.the.2009-2010.academic.year..The.admitted.incoming.class.was.15.Ph.D..students,.9.M.S..students,.including.both.full.and.part.time,.and.4.online.M.S..students..Sixteen.of.the.incoming.students.are.fully.funding.with.tuition.and.stipend.in.their.first.year..The.remainder.are.partially.funded.or.funded.by.their.employers..Industry.or.government.funded.graduate.students.are.from.the.US.Air.Force,.Canadian.National.Forces,.and.United.Technologies..The.new.interna-tional.graduate.student.body.is.from.Canada,.China,.India,.Iran,.Thailand,.Romania,.and.Japan..

14

Student Publications and PresentationsPublication.and.presentation.is.emphasized.in.any.graduate.research.program.and.our.students.take.advantage.of.the.many.opportunities.to.present.their.work..Imaging.Science.graduate.students.published.journal.articles,.conference.papers,.and.attended.a.wide.variety.of.conferences,.gain-ing.valuable.communications.and.networking.experiences..A.number.of.Imaging.Science.graduate.students.presented.at.the.highly.successful.RIT.Graduate.Student.Symposium.sponsored.by.the.Dean.of.Graduate.Studies.during.the.summer.of.2009..The.following.is.a.partial.list.of.publications.and.conference.proceedings.authored.or.co-authored.by.our.graduate.students.in.the.2008-2009.year.

Selected.Journal.Articles.with.Student.Authors.

. •..Foster, M.S., Schott,.J.R.,.Messinger,.D.W..Spin-Im-age.Target.Detection.Algorithm.Applied.to.Low.Density.3D.Point.Clouds,.Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 2, 023539.(2008)

. •..Bartlett, B.D.;.Schott,.J.R.,.Atmospheric.compensa-tion.in.the.presence.of.clouds:.an.adaptive.empirical.line.method.(AELM).approach,.Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 3, 033507.(2009)

. •..Casey, J.T.,.Kerekes,.J.P..Misregistration.Impacts.on.Hyperspectral.Target.Detection,.Journal of Applied Remote Sensing. 3, 033513.(2008)

. •..Schlamm, A.,.Messinger,.D.W.,.Basener,.B.,.Geomet-ric.estimation.of.the.inherent.dimensionality.of.single.and.multi-material.clusters.in.hyperspectral.imagery,.Journal of Applied Remote Sensing. 3, 033527.(2009)

Selected.Conference.Papers.with.Graduate.Student.Authors.(student.author.underlined)

. •..Faulring,.J.W.,.Casterline, M.V.,.Salvaggio,.C.,.Kremens,.R.L.,.Salvaggio,.P.S.,.Deployment.of.an.Autonomous.Sensor.Network.for.Remote.Sensing.Applications,.International Society for Computers and Their Applications, ISCA First International Conference on Sensor Networks and Applications (SNA-2009), San Francisco, California, United States, November..(2009)

. •..Daniel, B.J.,.Bolcar,.M.R.,.Schott,.J.R.,.Fienup,.J.R..Phase.Retrieval.in.Sparse.Aperture.Systems.with.Phase.Diversity:.A.Trade.Space.Study,.Proceedings

of the SPIE, SPIE, Sensors and Systems for Space Applications II, 6958, 69580K, Orlando, Florida, United States, March (2008)

. •..Vodacek,.A., Li, Y.,.Garrett,.A.J..Remote.sensing.data.assimilation.in.environmental.models,.Proceedings of AIPR '08, IEEE, Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop, 2008, Washington, District of Columbia, United States, October.(2008).

. •..Walli, K.C., Nilosek, D.R.,.Schott,.J.R.,.Salvaggio,.C..Airborne.synthetic.scene.generation.(AeroSynth),.Proceedings of the ASPRS, ASPRS/MAPPS 2009 Fall Conference, Digital Mapping - From Elevation to Information, Digital Elevation Data Fusion Innovations, San Antonio, Texas, United States, November.(2009)

. •..Bartlett,.B.D.,.Devaraj, C.,.Gartley,.M.G.,.Salvaggio,.C.,.Schott,.J.R..Spectro-polarimetric.BRDF.determina-tion.of.objects.using.in-scene.calibration.materials.for.polarimetric.imagers,.Proceedings of SPIE, SPIE Optics and Photonics, Polarization Science and Remote Sensing IV, Calibration, Compensation, and Optimiza-tion, 7461, San Diego, California, United States, pp. 74610T1-74610T11, August.(2009)

. •..Montanaro, M.,.Salvaggio,.C.,.Brown,.S.D.,.Messinger,.D.W.,.Garrett,.A.J.,.Bollinger,.J.S..Radiometric.modeling.of.mechanical.draft.cooling.towers.to.assist.in.the.extrac-tion.of.their.absolute.temperature.from.remote.thermal.imagery,.Proceedings of the SPIE, SPIE Defense and Se-curity, Thermosense XXXI, Infrared Sensors and Systems, 7299, 8, Orlando, Florida, United States, April (2009)

. •..Arsenovic, M.V.,.Salvaggio,.C.,.Garrett,.A.J.,.Bartlett,.B.D.,.Faulring,.J.W.,.Kremens,.R.L.,.Salvaggio,.P.S..Use.of.remote.sensing.data.to.enhance.the.performance.of.a.hydrodynamic.simulation.of.a.partially.frozen.power.plant.cooling.lake,.Proceedings of the SPIE, SPIE Defense and Security, Thermosense XXXI, Infrared Sensors and Systems, 7299, 10, Orlando, Florida, United States, April (2009)

. •..Higbee, S.,.Messinger,.D.W.,.Tra,.Y.,.Voelkel,.J.,.Chilton,.L..A.Bayesian.Approach.to.Identification.of.Gaseous.Effluents.in.Passive.LWIR.Imagery,.Proceedings of SPIE, Defense and Security Symposium, Algorithms and Tech-nologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral,.and Ultraspec-tral Imagery XV, 7334, Orlando, Florida, United States, April.(2009)

. •..Zelinski, M.E.,.Schott,.J.R..Segmented.aperture.space.telescope.modeling.used.for.remote.sensing.and.image.utility.analysis,.Proceedings of SPIE, SPIE, Sensors and Systems for Space Applications III, 7330, 733009, Orlando, Florida, United States, April.(2009).

. •..Schlamm, A.,.Messinger,.D.W.,.Basener,.B.,.Effect.of.manmade.pixels.on.the.inherent.dimension.of.natural.material.distributions,.Proceedings of SPIE, Defense and Security Symposium, Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imag-ery XV, 7334, Orlando, Florida, United States.(2009)

. •..Kwong, J.,.Messinger,.D.W.,.Middleton,.W.D..Hyperspectral.Clustering.and.Unmixing.for.Studying.the.Ecology.of.State.Formation.and.Complex.Societ-ies,.Proceedings of SPIE, SPIE Optics and Photonics, Imaging Spectrometry XIV, 7457, San Diego, California, United States.(2009)

. •..Kerekes,.J.P.;.Presnar, M.D.;.Fourspring,.K.D.;.Ninkov,.Z.,.Sensor.Modeling.and.Demonstration.of.a.Multi-Object.Spectrometer.for.Performance.Driven.Sensing,.SPIE,.Proceedings of Algorithms and Technol-ogies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XV, 7334, DOI: 10.1117/12.819265.(2009)

15

GraduatesThe.2008-2009.academic.year.saw.the.granting.of.10.Ph.D..degrees.and.18.M.S..degrees..In.May.2009,.the.following.students.graduated.with.a.Ph.D..in.Imaging.Science..

. • Anatoly Bourov,.A Systematic Approach to Deter-mining the Limits of Nanolithography at Extreme NA,.Advisor:.Bruce.Smith

. •..Brian Daniel,.A Systems Study of Sparse Aperture Sensors in Remote Sensing Applications with Explicit Phase Retrieval,.Adviser:.John.R..Schott

. •..Lai Di,.Independent Component Analysis (ICA) Applied to Ultrasound Image Processing and Characterization,.Adviser:.Naval.Rao

. •..Rodney Heckaman,.Brilliance, Contrast, Colorfulness, and the Perceived Volume of Device Color Gamut,.Adviser:.Mark.Fairchild

. •..Scott Klempner,.Statistical Modeling of Radiometric Error Propagation in Support of Hyperspectral Imag-ing Inversion and Optimized Ground Sensor Network Design,.Adviser:.John.R..Schott

. •..Andrew Michael,.Imaging Schizophrenia: Data Fusion Approaches to Characterize and Classify,.Adviser:.Stefi.Baum

. •..Mahnaz Mohammadi,.Developing an Imaging Bi-Spectrometer for Fluorescent Materials,.Adviser:.Roy.Berns

. •..Matthew Monanaro,.Radiometric Modeling of Me-chanical Draft Cooling Towers to Assist in the Extraction of Their Absolute Temperature From Remote Thermal Imagery,.Adviser:.Carl.Salvaggio

. •..Susan Munn,.3D Head Motion, Point of Regard and Encoded Gaze Fixations in Real Scenes: Next-Gener-ation Portable Video-Based Monocular Eye Tracking,.Adviser:.Jeff.Pelz

. •..Marcus Stefanou,.Spectral Image Utility for Target Detection Applications,.Adviser:.John.Kerekes

.

In.May.2009,.the.following.students.graduated.with.an.M.S..in.Imaging.Science.

. •.Sherif Azary,.Adviser:.Roger.Gaborski

. •. Josef Bishoff,.Target Detection Using Oblique Hy-perspectral Imagery : A Domain Trade Study,.Adviser:.David.Messinger

. •. Dan Byrnes,.Scanning Tunneling Optical Resonance Microscopy: Development of a Novel Characterization Technique,.Adviser:.Ryne.Raffaelle

. •..Linpeng Chen,.Interpixel Capacitive Coupling,.Adviser:.Stefi.Baum

. •..Alexander Cherekos,.Project: Gas Detection Using Projective K-Means Method,.Adviser:.Carl.Salvaggio

. •.Marc Cousoulis

. •. Ranxi Huang,.Semi-automated Techniques for the Retrieval of Dermatological Condition in Color Skin Im-age,.Adviser:.John.Kerekes

. •..Sang Yun Moon,.Project: A 3-D Volume Resolution Phantom for MRI,.Adviser:.Joseph.Hornak

. •..Francis Padula,.Historic Thermal Calibration of Landsat 5 TM Through an Improved Physics Based Approach,.Adviser:.John.Schott

. •.Kristen Powers,.Adviser:.Carl.Salvaggio

. •..George Privon,.Modeling the Infrared Emission from Cygnus A,.Adviser:.Stefi.Baum

. •..Anthony Rizzuto,.A Low-Signal-to-Noise-Ratio Sensor Framework Incorporating Improved Nighttime Capabilities in DIRSIG,.Adviser:.Emmett.Ientilucci

. •..Cynthia Scigaj Dobbs,.Project: Modeling and Simu-lation of Hyperspectral Imaging Instrument,.Adviser:.Carl.Salvaggio

. •..Stephanie Shubert,.Project: Effect of Anisotropy on the High-frequency Ultrasound Backscatter from a Simulated Nerve Fiber,.Adviser:.Maria.Helguera

. •..Matthew Turk,.A Homography-Based Multi-Camera Person-Tracking Algorithm,.Adviser:.Eli.Saber

. •.Jason Walp,.Adviser:.Mitchell.Rosen

.

. •..Yang Xue,.Uniform Color Spaces Based On CIECAM02 and IPT Color Difference Equations,.Adviser:.Roy.Berns

. •..Michael Zelinski,.A Segmented Aperture Space Telescope Modeling Tool and Its Application to Remote Sensing as Understood Through Image Quality and Image Utility,.Adviser:.John.Schott

The.following.are.the.post-graduation.plans.for.some.of.the.students.who.graduated.in.May.2009.

. •.Anatoly Bourov,.Shanghai.Semiconductor.Company

. •.Brian Daniel,.Naval.Research.Labs

. •.Rodney Heckaman,.CIS.Staff,.Color.Science

. •.Scott Klempner,.USAF

. •.Andrew Michael,.The.Mind.Research.Network

. •.Mahnaz Mohammadi,.DuPont

. •.Matthew Montanaro,.NASA.Goddard

. •.Marcus Stefanou,.USAF

. •.Sherif Azary,.Xerox

. •.Josef Bishoff,.Candadian.National.Forces

. •.Daniel Byrnes,.Veeco.Instruments

. • Linpeng Cheny,.Omnivision.Tech

. •.Marc Cousoulis,.Lockheed.Martin

. •.Sang Yun Moon,.Rainbow.Research.Optics

. •.Francis Padula,.Integrity.Applications

. •.George Privon,.PhD.student.at.the.University.of.Virginia

. •.Anthony Rizzuto,.USAF

. •.Cynthia Scigaj Dobbs,.Aerospace.Corporation

. •.Matthew Turk,.Canadian.National.Forces

. •.Jason Walp,.Infoprint

. •.Michael Zelinski,.Lawrence.Livermore.Lab

17

Color Science Graduate M.S. & Ph.D. ProgramsGraduate Coordinator’s Comments By Mark D. Fairchild

Overview

RIT.offers.M.S..and.Ph.D..Degrees.in.Color.Science..The.M.S..program.dates.back.to.1986.while.the.doctoral.program.commenced.with.its.first.group.of.students.in.the.fall.of.2007..The.curriculum.consists.of.required.courses.in.color.science,.electives,.an.M.S..level.research.project,.and.a.research.dis-sertation.for.Ph.D..candidates..These.are.the.only.graduate.programs.in.the.country.devoted.to.this.multidisciplinary.sci-ence..Color.science.broadly.encompasses.physics,.chemis-try,.anatomy,.physiology,.psychology,.imaging.science,.math-ematics.&.statistics,.and.computer.science..The.programs.are.designed.for.students.whose.undergraduate.majors.are.in.these.and.related.disciplines.pertaining.to.the.quantitative.description.of.color..Students.have.taken.a.variety.of.industrial.and.academic.research.and/or.development.positions.upon.completion.of.their.studies.

Incoming Class Profile (Fall 2009)One.new.student.entered.the.Ph.D..program.in.fall.2009.while.two.others.deferred.their.admission.to.2010..Two.additional.students.began.the.M.S..program.in.fall.2009..This.brings.the.total.number.of.current.Color.Science.Ph.D..students.to.nine,.four.of.which.have.passed.their.qualifying.examinations.over.the.past.two.years..Our.first.students.will.be.completing.their.dissertation.proposals.and.candidacy.examinations.this.academic.year.and.we.are.likely.to.see.the.first.Color.Sci-ence.Ph.D..awarded.sometime.in.2011..The.M.S..program.also.currently.has.nine.active.students..In.fall,.2010.we.again.expect.3-4.new.students.to.join.the.graduate.programs

2009 GraduatesThree.students.completed.their.Color.Science.M.S..degrees.in.the.2008-2009.academic.year.(or.nearly.completed.their.degrees.and.are.putting.the.final.touches.on.their.theses)..and.moved.on.to.new.careers..They.include:

..... Shizhe Shen—Employed.by.OmniVision.in.California

.. Stefan Luka—Employed.by.Disney.in.California

... Mark Updegraff—Employed.by.ITT.in.Rochester

Student Publications and PresentationsThe.Color.Science.graduate.programs.strongly.emphasize.dissemination.of.scientific.advancements.in.the.field.and..particularly.encourage.students.to.be.the.primary.authors..on.journal.publications.and.conference.proceedings.and.presentations..In.the.past.year,.about.50.papers.and.presen-tations.were.published.by.participants.in.the.Color.Science.programs.with.over.40%.of.those.including.student.authors.

19

Meet the tangiBookIn.recent.work,.Professor.Jim.Ferwerda.and.Benjamin.Darling.(Color.Science.Ph.D..student).have.developed.the.tangiBook,.a.tangible.interface.that.allows.natural.interaction.with.virtual.surfaces..The.tangiBook.is.based.on.an.off-the-shelf.laptop.computer.that.incorporates.an.accelerometer.and.a.webcam.as.standard.equipment..Custom.software.allows.the.orienta-tion.of.the.laptop.screen.and.the.position.of.the.observer.to.be.tracked.in.real-time..Using.this.information,.realistic.images.of.surfaces.with.complex.textures.and.material.properties.illuminated.by.environment-mapped.lighting.are.rendered.to.the.screen.at.interactive.rates..Tiltixng.the.laptop.or.moving.in.front.of.the.screen.produces.realistic.changes.in.surface.light-ing.and.material.appearance..Thus.the.tangiBook.allows.virtual.surfaces.to.be.observed.and.manipulated.as.naturally.as.real.ones,.with.the.added.benefit.that.the.material.properties.of.the.surfaces.can.be.changed.in.real-time..We.are.currently.inves-tigating.the.utility.of.the.tangiBook.in.three.application.areas:.material.perception.research;.computer-aided.appearance.design;.and.enhanced.access.to.collections.in.digital.libraries.and.museums.

21

Astrophysical Sciences and Technology Graduate ProgramProgram Director’s Comments By Andrew RobinsonThe.new.PhD.and.Masters.program.in.Astrophysical.Sciences.and.Technology.(AST).focuses.on.the.underlying.physics.of.phenomena.beyond.the.Earth,.and.on.the.development.of.the.technologies,.instruments,.data.analysis,.and.modelling.techniques.that.will.enable.the.next.major.strides.in.the.field..The.multidisciplinary.emphasis.of.this.program,.jointly.offered.by.the.Department.of.Physics,.the.School.of.Mathematical.Sciences,.and.the.Chester.F..Carlson.Center.for.Imaging..Science,.distinguishes.it.from.conventional.astrophysics.gradu-ate.programs.at.other.universities..

The.program.received.approval.from.New.York.State.in..summer.2008.and.commenced.in.Fall.of.the.same.year,.with.the.first.intake.of.students..There.are.15.graduate.faculty,.includ-ing.four.based.in.the.Center..The.CIS.faculty.members.are.en-gaged.in.mentoring.or.advising.four.of.the.seven.PhD.students.enrolled.as.of.fall.2009..In.addition,.an.Associate.Research.Scientist.in.the.Center.is.employed.part-time.by.the.program.to.provide.computer.support.to.students.and.faculty..

Faculty.research.interests.encompass.a.wide.range.of.topics.in.astrophysics.and.related.areas,.including.theoretical.cosmology.and.gravitational.astrophysics,.computational.astrophysics.and.general.relativity,.stellar,.galactic.and.extragalactic.astrophysics,.observational.techniques.and.detector.technology..The.program.offers.student.research.opportunities.in.the.Center.for.Com-putational.Relativity.and.Gravitation.(CCRG).and.the.Rochester.Imaging.Detector.Laboratory.(RIDL).

CurriculumThe.curriculum.is.designed.to.offer.students.flexibility.to.explore.their.interests.amongst.the.various.research.areas.and.also.allows.for.the.possibility.of.promotion.from.the.Masters.to.the.PhD.programs..

The.core.curriculum.of.six.courses.(24.credits).provides.a.broad.grounding.in.contemporary.astrophysics..A.range.of.elective.courses,.offered.by.AST.and.other.RIT.graduate.pro-grams.(including.Imaging.Science).can.be.tailored.to.prepare.students.for.research.in.specific.topics..

A.key.goal.is.to.have.students.engaged.in.research.as.soon.

as.possible.after.entering.the.program..To.this.end,.both.MS.and.PhD.students.are.required.to.complete.a.“Master.Level”.research.project.during.their.first.two.years..

Graduate StudentsThere.are.five.continuing.students,.all.studying.for.the.PhD..Two.students,.who.entered.the.program.with.research.Masters.degrees,.have.been.granted.accelerated.advancement.to.PhD.candidacy..Two.others.will.be.taking.their.PhD.qualifying.exam.in.June.2010,.after.completing.the.core.curriculum..Finally,.Rudolfo.Montez,.who.transferred.into.AST.from.the.Imaging.Science.PhD.program,.is.expected.to.defend.his.PhD..dissertation.in.spring.2010.

Incoming Class ProfileFour.students.(2.PhD.and.2.MS).entered.the.program.in..fall.2009..

Student Publications and PresentationsAST.Graduate.students.have.contributed.to.the.publications.listed.below.and.have.presented.their.work.at.a.number.of.conferences.

Papers.in.refereed.journals.(student.names.in.bold).

Antonini.F.,.Capuzzo-Dolcetta.R.,.Merritt.D.,.'A.counterpart.to.the.radial-orbit.instability.in.triaxial.stellar.systems',.Monthly No-tices of the Royal Astronomical Society..tmp.1180.(2009).

Montez,.R,.Kastner,.J.H,.Balick,.B,.and.Frank,.A,.‘Serendipitous.XMM-Newton.Detection.of.X-Ray.Emission.from.the.Bipolar.Planetary.Nebula.Hb.5.’.Astrophys. J..694,.1481.(2009).

Böttcher,.M.,.Principe,.D.,.‘The.Optical.Variability.of.the.Quasar.3C279:.The.Signature.of.a.Decelerating.Jet?’,.Astrophys. J..692,.1374.(2009).

Floyd,.David.J..E.,.Axon,.David,.Baum,.Stefi,.Capetti,.Alessandro,.Chiaberge,.Marco,.Macchetto,.Duccio,.Madrid,.Juan,.Miley,.George,.O'Dea,.Christopher.P.,.Perlman,.Eric,.Quillen,.Alice,.Sparks,.William,.Tremblay,.Grant,.‘HST.NIR.Snapshot.Survey.of.3CR.Radio.Source.Counterparts.II:.An.Atlas.and.Inventory.of.the.Host.Galaxies,.Mergers.and.Companions’.Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser..177,.148.(2008).

Tremblay,.G..R.,.Chiaberge,.M.,.Sparks,.W..B.,.Baum,.S..A.,.Allen,.M..G.,.Axon,.D..J.,.Capetti,.A.,.Floyd,.D..J..E.,.Macchetto,.F..D.,.Miley,.G..K.,.Noel-Storr,.J.,.O'Dea,.C..P.,.Perlman,.E..S.,.Quillen,.A..C.,.‘HST/ACS.Emission.Line.Snapshots.of.nearby.3CR.Radio.Galaxies.I:.The.Data’,.Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser..183,.278.(2009).

Chiaberge,.M.,.Tremblay,.G..R.,.Capetti,.A.,.Macchetto,.F..D.,.Tozzi,.P.,.Sparks,.W..B.,.‘Low-Power.Radio.Galaxies.in.the.Dis-tant.Universe:.A.Search.for.FR.I.at.1.<.z.<.2.in.the.COSMOS.Field’,.Astrophys. J..696,.1003.(2009).

Chiaberge,.M.,.Capetti,.A.,.Macchetto,.F..D.,.Rosati,.P.,.Tozzi,.P.,.Tremblay,.G..R.,.‘Three.Candidate.Clusters.of.Galaxies.at.Redshift.~1.8:.The.“Missing.Link”.Between.Protoclusters.and.Local.Clusters?’,.Astrophys. J. Letters, in press.(2009).

Zhu,.Qingfeng,.Davies,.Ben,.Figer,.Donald.F.,.Trombley,.Christine,.‘A.Near-Infrared.Study.of.the.Stellar.Cluster:.[DBS2003].45’,.Astrophys. J..702,.929.(2009)

Published.conference.papers.(student.names.in.bold).

Antonini.F.,.Capuzzo-Dolcetta.R.,.Merritt.D.,.'An.instability.in.triaxial.stellar.systems',.2008,.Astronomische Nachrichten,.329,.900

Montez,.R..and.Kastner,.J..H.,.‘X-ray.Observations.of.Symbiotic.Mi-ras’,.at.Conference.on.Asymmetrical.Planetary.Nebulae.IV,.June.18-22,.2008,.La.Palma,.Canary.Islands,.Spain,.proceedings.published.online.at.http://www.iac.es/proyecto/apn4/pages/proceedings.php.

Selected.presentations.at.meetings/conferences

Fabio.Antonini,.‘Tidal.disruption.of.Binary.stars.by.a.super.massive.BH’,.at.the.Spring.meeting.of.the.Astronomy.Society.of.New.York,.RIT,.2009.April.18..

Fabio.Antonini,.‘Tidal.Disruption.of.Binary.Stars.by.a.Super.Massive.Black.Hole’,.at.the.12th.Eastern.Gravity.Meeting,..RIT.2009,.June,.15-16.

Christine.Trombley,.‘Investigation.of.Infrared.Selected.Can-didate.Star.Clusters’,.at.the.Spring.meeting.of.the.Astronomy.Society.of.New.York,.RIT,.2009.April.18.

Rudolfo.Montez,.Kastner,.J..H.,.‘Serendipitous.X-ray.Survey.of.Planetary.Nebulae’,.at.Legacies.of.the.Macquarie/AAO/Stras-bourg.Hα.Planetary.Nebula.project,.February.16-18th.2009,.Sydney,.Australia

Marcello.Ponce,.‘Electromagnetic.counterpart.from.Gravitational.Waves’,.at.the.Spring.meeting.of.the.Astronomy.Society.of.New.York,.RIT,.2009.April.18

Marcello.Ponce,.‘Electromagnetic.interactions.with.matter.mediated.by.Gravitational.Waves’,.at.the.12th.Eastern.Gravity.Meeting,.RIT,.Rochester.NY:.June.15-16,.2009.

Grant.Tremblay,.‘Tracers.of.AGN.Feedback.in.Radio.Galaxies’,.at.the.Spring.meeting.of.the.Astronomy.Society.of.New.York,.RIT,.2009.April.18

22

Release Date: Jan. 15, 2009

Contact: Susan Gawlowicz

[email protected]

Astronomer finds evidence of exosolar planets

Life.on.a.planet.ruled.by.two.suns.might.be.a.little.compli-cated..Two.sunrises,.two.sunsets..Twice.the.radiation.field.

In.a.paper.published.in.Astronomy.and.Astrophysics,.astronomer.Joel.Kastner.and.his.team.suggest.that.planets.might.easily.form.around.certain.types.of.twin,.or.binary,.star.systems..A.disk.of.molecules.discovered.orbiting.a.pair.of.twin.young.suns.in.the.constellation.Sagittarius.strongly.sug-gests.that.many.such.binary.systems.also.host.planets.

“We.think.the.molecular.gas.orbiting.these.two.stars.almost.literally.represents.‘smoking.gun’.evidence.of.recent.or.pos-sibly.ongoing.‘giant’.planet.formation.around.the.binary.star.system,”.says.Kastner,.professor.at.the.Chester.F..Carlson.Center.for.Imaging.Science.

Kastner.used.the.30-meter.radiotelescope.operated.by.the.Institut.de.Radio.Astronomie.Millimetrique.to.study.radio.molecular.spectra.emitted.from.the.vicinity.of.the.two.stars,.which.lie.about.210.light-years.away.from.our.solar.system..The.scientists.found.in.large.abundance.raw.materials.for.planet.formation.around.the.nearby.stars,.including.cir-cumstellar.carbon.monoxide.and.hydrogen.cyanide,.in.the.noxious.gas.cloud.

“In.this.case.the.stars.are.so.close.together,.and.the.profile.of.the.gas.in.terms.of.the.types.of.molecules.that.are.there.is.so.much.like.the.types.of.gaseous.disks.that.we.see.around.single.stars,.that.it’s.a.real.link.between.planets.forming.around.single.stars.and.planets.forming.around.double.stars,”.he.says.

Planets.that.have.just.formed.around.young.stars.might.leave.leftover.gas,.a.potential.clue.for.astronomers.who.hunt.planets.

Recently,.direct.imaging.of.planets.orbiting.single.stars.irrefutably.confirmed.the.existence.of.exosolar.planets—those.that.orbit.stars.other.than.our.sun..In.the.spring,.Kastner.hopes.to.use.the.Institut.de.Radio.Astronomie.Millimetrique.to.look.for.gas.left.over.from.the.formation.of.the.planets.orbiting.single.stars.

Kastner.hopes.to.compare.the.molecular.profile.in.the.gas.remnants.surrounding.the.single.star.with.the.gas.composi-tion.surrounding.the.dual-star.system.

Kastner.encourages.other.scientists.to.look.closely.at.the.twin-star.system.to.see.if.planets.are.forming.around.them.

“We.really.don’t.have.any.idea.right.now.about.what.kinds.of.planets.form.around.double.stars.or.even.if.planets.can.form.around.double.stars,”.Kastner.says..“It’s.theoretically.possible,.but.I’m.not.aware.of.a.single.observation.yet.of.a.planet.orbiting.a.double.star..I.hope.someone.will.go.looking.soon,.if.they.haven’t.already.”

Release Date: Feb. 27, 2009

Contact:.Will.Dube.(585)[email protected]

RIT Presents: The Next Generation of Imaging Detectors

National research symposium focuses on technology developments in quantum-limited imaging

The.development.of.quantum-limited.imaging.detectors.that.could.have.major.implications.for.biomedical.imaging,.astrophysics,.defense.and.Earth.systems.science.will.be.the.focus.of.Rochester.Institute.of.Technology’s.fifth.annual.IT.Collaboratory.Research.Symposium.

The.two-day.event,.directed.by.Don.Figer.professor.of.imaging.science.at.RIT,.will.feature.technical.research.sessions.and.presentations.on.critical.application.needs.in.medicine,.defense.and.astronomy..Participants.will.include.key.scientists.from.academia,.government.and.industry,.including.Massachusetts.Institute.of.Technology,.Raytheon.Space.and.Airborne.Systems.and.Teledyne.

The.IT.Collaboratory.was.established.in.2001.by.the.New.York.State.Office.of.Science,.Technology.and.Academic.Research.as.one.of.the.state’s.Strategically.Targeted.Academic.Research.Centers..The.research.collaboration.between.RIT,.the.University.of.Buffalo.and.Alfred.University.focuses.on.technology.and.applications.in.nanomaterial.science,.microsystems,.photonics.and.remote.sensing..

.

Release Date: March 25, 2009


RIT Scientist Fine-tunes Hubble Space Telescope

New calibration expands Hubble’s capability

A.scientist.at.Rochester.Institute.of.Technology.has.expanded.the.Hubble.Space.Telescope’s.capability.without.the.need.for.new.instruments.or.billions.of.dollars.

Dan.Batcheldor.and.his.team.improved.the.calibration.of.Hub-ble’s.Near-Infrared.Camera.and.Multi-Object.Spectrometer.to.enable.high-precision.polarimetry..Scientists.like.Batcheldor.use.this.observational.technique.to.read.scattered.light.when.investigating.active.galactic.nuclei.and.for.identifying.proto-planets.around.very.young.stars.

The.findings.of.the.nine-orbit.calibration.plan,.funded.by.the.Space.Telescope.Science.Institute,.were.published.in.the.February.issue.of.Publications.of.the.Astronomical.Society.of.the.Pacific.

“Polarimetry.is.really.quite.a.powerful.tool.in.astronomy.be-cause.it.can.essentially.see.around.corners.by.the.way.light.is.reflecting,”.says.Batcheldor,.associate.research.scientist.in.RIT’s.Chester.F..Carlson.Center.for.Imaging.Science..“When.you.do.polarimetry.what.you.are.essentially.looking.through.is.a.set.of.polaroid.sunglasses..What.a.polaroid.does.is.it.makes.you.see.only.light.aligned.in.a.certain.way.”

Scientists.use.polarimetry.to.see.around.clouds.of.dust.and.gas.obscuring.the.centers.of.active.galactic.nuclei.(where.su-permassive.black.holes.live).and.the.potential.planet-forming.disks.around.young.stars..The.scattering.material.acts.like.a.mirror,.allowing.scientists.to.look.into.the.center.of.these.astronomical.objects.

“Most.of.the.light.that.comes.from.an.object.is.unpolarized,”.Batcheldor.explains..“And.you’ve.got.to.filter.out.all.that.light.just.to.see.polarized.light.itself..And.so.now.Hubble.can.do.this.even.if.only.one.percent.of.the.light.is.polarized.”

Batcheldor.did.not.initially.set.out.to.fine.tune.the.telescope..Limitations.caused.by.the.previous.calibration.stalled.his.investigation.of.active.galactic.nuclei.and.needed.to.be.fixed.before.he.could.continue.his.research..


23

Recalibrating.the.Near-Infrared.Camera.and.Multi-Object.Spectrometer.was.what.Batcheldor.describes.as.something.of.a.“nightmare.”.His.team.devised.a.program.that.could.choreograph.three.different.filtered.observations.of.a.single.star.at.different.orientations.and.switch.between.cameras.within.45-minute.fly-bys..“Essentially,.we.made.Hubble.chop.all.over.the.sky.very.quickly.to.get.these.observations,”.he.says.

Scientists.at.the.Space.Telescope.Science.Institute.verified.the.calibration.plan.would.work.and.gathered.the.observa-tions.over.12.months.

“We’ve.been.able.to.take.an.existing.camera.and.carefully.plan.some.observations,.which.have.allowed.us.to.enable.a.new.type.of.science.to.be.done.without.having.to.go.up.to.the.telescope.to.put.a.new.instrument.in,”.Batcheldor.says..“So.for.a.very.small.cost,.we’ve.been.able.to.expand.the.science.that.the.Hubble.Space.Telescope.can.do.”

The.improved.polarimetric.capability.of.Hubble.is.indepen-dent.of.the.final.servicing.mission.of.the.telescope.sched-uled.to.take.place.in.May..This.effort.will.install.two.new.cameras,.fix.two.existing.cameras.and.replace.the.gyro-scopes.that.determine.the.orientation.of.the.telescope.

Batcheldor’s.team.included.RIT.physics.professors.David.Axon.and.Andrew.Robinson,.as.well.as.Glenn.Schneider.and.Gary.Schmidt.from.the.University.of.Arizona,.Dean.Hines.from.Space.Science.Institute,.Bill.Sparks.from.the.Space.Telescope.Science.Institute.and.Clive.Tadhunter.from.the.University.of.Sheffield.

.

Release Date: June 10, 2009


Radio Telescope Images Reveal Planet-forming Disk Orbiting Twin Suns

RIT professor Joel Kastner leads study

Astronomers.are.announcing.today.that.a.sequence.of.im-ages.collected.with.the.Smithsonian’s.Submillimeter.Array.(SMA).radio.telescope.system.clearly.reveals.the.presence.of.a.rotating,.molecular.disk.orbiting.the.young.binary.star.system.V4046.Sagittarii..The.SMA.images.of.V4046.Sagit-tarii,.which.are.being.presented.by.UCLA.graduate.student.

David.Rodriguez.in.a.press.conference.at.the.American.As-tronomical.Society.meeting.in.Pasadena,.Calif.,.provide.an.unusually.vivid.snapshot.of.the.process.of.formation.of.giant.planets,.comets,.and.Pluto-like.bodies..The.results.also.con-firm.that.such.objects.may.just.as.easily.form.around.double.stars.as.around.single.stars.like.our.Sun..

“It’s.a.case.of.seeing.is.believing,”.says.Joel.Kastner.of.Rochester.Institute.of.Technology,.the.lead.scientist.on.the.study..“We.had.the.first.evidence.for.this.rotating.disk.in.ra-dio.telescope.observations.of.V4046.Sagittarii.that.we.made.last.summer..But.at.that.point,.all.we.had.were.molecular.spectra,.and.there.are.different.ways.to.interpret.the.spectra..Once.we.saw.the.image.data.from.the.SMA,.there.was.no.doubt.that.we.have.a.rotating.disk.here.”

The.other.contributors.to.the.SMA.study.of.V4046.Sagittarii.led.by.RIT’s.Kastner.and.UCLA’s.Rodriguez.are.Ben.Zucker-man.of.UCLA.and.David.Wilner.of.Harvard-Smithsonian.Center.for.Astrophysics..Wilner.is.one.of.the.world’s.experts.on.radiointerferometry,.the.technique.used.in.this.study.to.form.images.using.the.SMA’s.multiple.radio.antennas.at.Mauna.Kea.Observatory.in.Hawaii.

According.to.Rodriguez,.the.images.clearly.demonstrate.that.the.molecular.disk.orbiting.the.V4046.Sagittarii.binary.system.extends.from.within.the.approximate.radius.of.Neptune’s.orbit.out.to.about.10.times.that.orbit..This.region.corresponds.to.the.zone.where.the.solar.system’s.giant.planets,.as.well.as.its.Pluto-like.Kuiper.Belt.objects,.may.have.formed.

“We.believe.that.V4046.Sagittarii.provides.one.of.the.clear-est.examples.yet.discovered.of.a.Keplerian,.planet-forming.disk.orbiting.a.young.star.system,”.Wilner.says..“This.particular.system.is.made.that.much.more.remarkable.by.the.fact.that.it.consists.of.a.pair.of.roughly.solar-mass.stars.that.are.approximately.12.million.years.old.and.are.separated.by.a.mere.5.solar.diameters.”.

“This.could.be.the.oldest.known.orbiting.protoplanetary.molecular.disk.and.it.shows.that,.at.least.for.some.stars,.formation.of.Jovian-mass.planets.may.continue.well.after.the.few.million.years,.which.astronomers.have.deduced.is.characteristic.of.the.formation.time.for.most.such.planets,”.Zuckerman.says.

Findings.of.the.SMA.imaging.study.build.on.previous.work.published.in.the.December.2008.issue.of.Astronomy.and.Astrophysics.in.which.Kastner.and.his.team.first.suggested.

that.the.case.of.V4046.Sagittarii.well.illustrates.how.planets.may.easily.form.around.certain.types.of.binary.stars..

“We.thought.the.molecular.gas.around.these.two.stars.almost.literally.represented.‘smoking.gun’.evidence.of.recent.or.possibly.ongoing.‘giant,’.Jupiter-like.planet.formation.around.the.binary.star.system,.Kastner.says..“The.SMA.im-ages.showing.an.orbiting.disk.certainly.support.that.idea.”

The.evidence.for.a.molecular.disk.orbiting.these.twin.young.suns.in.the.constellation.Sagittarius.suggested.to.the.scien-tists.that.many.such.binary.systems.should.also.host.as-yet.undetected.planets.

“The.most.successful.technique.used.so.far.for.discovery.of.extrasolar.planets—that.of.measurement.of.precision.radial.velocities—is.exceedingly.difficult.for.close.binary.stars.such.as.V4046.Sagittarii..So.these.radio.observations.are.probing.a.new.region.of.discovery.space.for.extrasolar.planets,”.says.Rodriguez.

“At.a.distance.of.only.240.light-years.from.the.solar.sys-tem,.the.V4046.Sagittarii.binary.is.at.least.two.times.closer.to.Earth.than.almost.all.known.planet-forming.star.systems,.which.gives.us.a.good.shot.at.imaging.any.planets.that.have.already.formed.and.are.now.orbiting.the.stars,”.he.continued.

Kastner.and.collaborators.had.previously.used.the.30-me-ter.radiotelescope.operated.by.the.Institut.de.Radio.Astronomie.Millimetrique.(IRAM).to.study.radio.molecular.spectra.emitted.from.the.vicinity.of.the.twin.stars..The.scientists.used.these.data.to.identify.the.raw.materials.for.planet.formation.around.V4046.Sagittarii—circumstellar.carbon.monoxide.and.hydrogen.cyanide—in.the.noxious.circumstellar.molecular.gas.cloud.

“In.this.case.the.stars.are.so.close.together,.and.the.profile.of.the.gas—in.terms.of.the.types.of.molecules.that.are.there—is.so.much.like.the.types.of.gaseous.disks.that.we.see.around.single.stars,.that.we.now.have.a.direct.link.between.planets.forming.around.single.stars.and.planets.forming.around.double.stars,”.Kastner.says..

.

Three RGB frames from the Common Sensor Payload project. Each image has been autoscaled by its own image statistics. The orbiting motion of the aircraft can be inferred by the displacement of the static

scene content as time increases from (a) t=0s, through (b) t=10s, and to (c) t=30s.}

24

25

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory (DIRS) Overview:

The.Digital.Imaging.and.Remote.Sensing.Laboratory.had.a.very.successful.2008.-.2009.Academic.Year.graduating.several.students.and.continuing.to.build.on.existing.research.programs.while.developing.new.areas.of.research.as.well..The.Lab.consists.of.six.full.time.faculty,.twelve.full.time.re-search.staff,.and.over.35.students.at.the.BS,.MS,.and.Ph.D..levels...In.January.2009,.Dr..John.Schott.stepped.down.as.Director.of.the.Laboratory.after.over.20.years.of.successful.leadership..Dr..David.Messinger.assumed.the.duties.of.Lab.Director.while.John.focuses.on.his.students.and.his.personal.research,.most.notably.his.support.for.the.NASA.Landsat.program..At.the.2009.RIT.Commencement,.Dr..Schott.was.recognized.for.his.history.of.scholarly.excellence.by.the.RIT.Board.of.Trustees.with.the.2009.Trustee.Scholarship.Award..This.award,.established.in.2005,.is.the.premier.recogni-tion.for.faculty.contributions.to.scholarship,.research,.and.creative.work..

As.taken.from.the.official.RIT.announcement:.Schott.has.broad.research.and.development.experience.in.advanced.technology.for.solving.problems.related.to.imaging.science.and.remote.sensing..He.has.served.as.the.principal.investigator.on.numerous.research.programs.for.both.governmental.and.private.sectors,.including.serving.as.a.principal.investigator.for.NASA’s.Landsat.7.Science.Team..Schott.also.serves.as.a.member.of.the.Intelligence.Science.Board,.which.advises.the.intelligence.community.and.the.director.of.National.Intelligence..Schott’s.research.has.led.to.more.than.100.technical.publications,.including.a.recent.reference.book.on.remote.sensing,.as.well.as.co-inventor.status.on.two.patents..In.addition,he.has.been.awarded.more.than.$10.million.in.sponsored.grants.and.projects.over.the.last.decade..

Research Program Highlights:

The.DIRS.laboratory.continues.to.pursue.research.into.remote.sensing.system.along.three.broad.themes:.simula-tion.and.modeling.of.remote.sensing.systems,.algorithm.development.for.information.extraction.from.imagery,.and.ex-periments.and.measurements.to.support.ongoing.research.efforts..The.lab.is.supported.by.a.wide.range.of.research.sponsors.from.government.and.industry.including.the.Air.Force.Research.Laboratory,.the.National.Geospatial-Intelli-gence.Agency,.the.Army.Research.Laboratory,.NASA,.NSF,.the.US.Geological.Survey,.ITT.Industries,.Lockheed.Martin,.DigitalGlobe,.and.the.US.Department.of.Energy.

Modeling Support for the Common Sensor Payload:

The.US.Army.Common.Sensor.Payload.(CSP).program.tasked.the.Night.Vision.and.Electronic.Sensors.Directorate.(NVESD).to.calibrate.and.modify.existing.sensor.perfor-mance.models.to.better.support.the.CSP.mission..These.performance.models.predict.the.ability.of.soldiers.to.perform.a.specified.military.discrimination.task.using.an.EO/IR.sensor.system..The.DIRS.lab.was.subsequently.tasked.to.develop.a.set.of.synthetic.imagery.for.use.in.human.perception.testing..This.imagery.was.to.be.used.by.NVESD.to.empiri-cally.measure.the.ability.of.persons.to.perform.CSP-specific.military.discriminations..The.imagery.simulated.a.color.visible.sensor.operating.at.30.frames.per.second.and.represented.a.CSP.on.an.appropriate.aircraft.and.performing.realistic.mission.scenarios.. Dr. John Schott, shown here with several of his current Ph.D. students,

received the 2009 RIT Trustees Scholarship Award.}

DIRS participation in the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium in summer 2008.}

Research

26

SAR Simulation Research:

During.2008.we.have.initiated.a.focused.effort.that.aims.to.integrate.first.principles.radio.frequency.(RF).radiometry.into.the.DIRSIG.software.model.to.support.simulation.of.Synthetic.Aperture.Radar.(SAR).collections..The.scope.of.the.project.is.to.outfit.DIRSIG.with.adequate.RF.optical.properties,.atmo-spheric.models,.antenna.transmission.and.receive.capabili-ties,.and.required.post-processing.tools.that.enable.the.user.to.simulate.SAR.collections.over.existing.scene.models.(such.as.Megascene.1.and.2)...The.new.SAR.capability.is.not.merely.an.image.processing.trick,.but.truly.simulates.the.transmission.and.reception.of.bundles.of.RF.photons.as.they.propogate.between.the.antenna.and.scene.elements..Le-veraging.the.flexible.platform.motion.and.pointing.capability.of.DIRSIG,.the.user.can.configure.spotlight.mode,.stripmap.mode,.and.even.SAR-GMTI.type.collections.{FIGURES:.spotlight_example.jpg.and.stripmap_example.jpg,.CAPTION:.Examples.of.DIRSIG.simulated.SAR.imagery.collected.in.(a).stripmap.and.(b).spotlight.mode.}..The.raw.outputs.for.SAR.collections.are.the.in.phase.“I”.and.quadrature.signals.“Q”.digitized.at.the.A/D.converter.level.which.may.be.optionally.mixed.with.a.reference.signal.to.remove.the.carrier.frequen-cy..Post-processing.tools,.specific.to.the.collection.modality.of.interest,.will.be.available.in.both.compiled.C++.programs.and.IDL.engineering.code.to.form.simulated.exploitation.products..The.added.benefit.to.the.community.is.a.single.simulation.tool.permitting.analysis.of.remotely.sensed.phe-nomenology.across.multiple.passive.and.active.modalities.and.wavelength.regions..

Publications During This Period:

[1]..J..Bishoff,.“Target.detection.using.oblique.hyperspec-tral.imagery;.a.domain.trade.study,”.MS.dissertation,.Rochester.Institute.of.Technology,.College.of.Science,.Center.for.Imaging.Science,.Rochester,.New.York,.United.States,.8.2008..

[2]..F..Padula,.“Historic.thermal.calibration.of.the.landsat.5.tm.through.an.improved.physics.based.approach,”.MS.dissertation,.Rochester.Institute.of.Technology,.College.of.Science,.Center.for.Imaging.Science,.Rochester,.New.York,.United.States,.10.2008..

[3]..M..Turk,.“A.homography-based.multiple-camera.person-tracking.algorithm,”.MS.dissertation,.Rochester.Institute.of.Technology,.College.of.Science,.Center.for.Imaging.Science,.Rochester,.New.York,.United.States,.8.2008..

[4]..M..Stefanou,.Spectral.image.utility.for.target.detection.applications..Ph.D..dissertation,.Rochester.Institute.of.Technology,.College.of.Science,.Center.for.Imaging.Science,.Rochester,.New.York,.United.States,.8.2008..

[5]..S..Klempner,.Statistical.modeling.of.radiometric.error.propagation.in.support.of.hyperspectral.imaging.inver-sion.and.optimized.ground.sensor.network.design..Ph.D..dissertation,.Rochester.Institute.of.Technology,.College.of.Science,.Center.for.Imaging.Science,.Roch-ester,.New.York,.United.States,.10.2008..

[6]..B..Daniel,.A.System.Study.of.Sparse.Aperture.Sensors.in.Remote.Sensing.Applications.with.Explicit.Phase.Retrieval..Ph.D..dissertation,.Rochester.Institute.of.Technology,.College.of.Science,.Center.for.Imaging.Science,.Rochester,.New.York,.United.States,.1.2009..

[7]..M..Montanaro,.Radiometric.modeling.of.mechanical.draft.cooling.towers.to.assist.in.the.extraction.of.their.absolute.temperature.from.remote.thermal.imagery..Ph.D..dissertation,.Rochester.Institute.of.Technology,.College.of.Science,.Center.for.Imaging.Science,.Roch-ester,.New.York,.United.States,.5.2009..

[8]..Z..Wang,.A..Vodacek,.and.J..L..Coen,.“Generation.of.synthetic.infrared.remote-sensing.scenes.of.wildland.fire,”.International.Journal.of.Wildland.Fire.18,.pp..302–309,.5.2009..

[9]..A..Schlamm,.D..W..Messinger,.and.B..Basener,.“Geo-metric.estimation.of.the.inherent.dimensionality.of.single.and.multi-material.clusters.in.hyperspectral.imagery,”.Journal.of.Applied.Remote.Sensing.3,.4.2009..

[10]..J..C..Makarewicz,.T..W..Lewis,.I..Bosch,.M..R..Noll,.N..Herendeen,.R..D..Simon,.J..Zollweg,.and.A..Vodacek,.“The.impact.of.agricultural.best.manage-ment.practices.on.downstream.systems:.Soil.loss.and.nutrient.chemistry.and.flux.to.conesus.lake,.New.York,.USA,”.Journal.of.Great.Lakes.Research.In.press,.2009..

[11]..J..Mandel,.L..S..Bennethum,.J..D..Beezley,.J..L..Coen,.C..C..Douglas,.M..Kim,.and.A..Vodacek,.“A.wildland.fire.model.with.data.assimilation,”.Mathemat-ics.and.Computers.in.Simulation.79,.pp..584–606,.12.2008..

.[12]..J..P..Kerekes,.K..E..Strackerjan,.and.C..Salvaggio,.“Spectral.reectance.and.emissivity.of.man-made.surfaces.contaminated.with.environmental.effects,”.Optical.Engineering.47,.pp..106201/1–106201/10,.10.2008..

[13]..M..S..Foster,.J..R..Schott,.and.D..W..Messinger,.“Spin-image.target.detection.algorithm.applied.to.low.density.3d.point.clouds,”.Journal.of.Applied.Remote.Sensing.2,.9.2008..

[14]..S..R..Lach,.J..P..Kerekes,.and.X..Fan,.“Fusion.of.multiple.image.types.for.the.creation.of.radiometrically-accurate.synthetic.scenes,”.SPIE.Journal.of.Applied.Remote.Sensing.,.7.2008..

[15]..M..S..Stefanou.and.J..P..Kerekes,.“A.method.for.as-sessing.spectral.image.utility,”.IEEE.Transactions.on.Geoscience.and.Remote.Sensing.,.7.2008..

[16]..Y..Li,.A..Vodacek,.R..L..Kremens,.A..J..Garrett,.I..Bosch,.J..C..Makarewicz,.and.T..W..Lewis,.“Circula-tion.and.stream.plume.modeling.in.conesus.lake.,”.Environmental.Modeling.and.Assessment..13,.pp..175–289,.2008.

[17]..J..P..Kerekes,.“Receiver.operating.characteris-tic.curve.confidence.intervals.and.regions,”.IEEE.Geoscience.and.Remote.Sensing.Letters.5(2),.pp..251–255,.2008..

27

[18]..M..Montanaro,.C..Salvaggio,.S..D..Brown,.D..W..Messinger,.A..J..Garrett,.and.J..S..Bollinger,.“Radio-metric.modeling.of.mechanical.draft.cooling.towers.to.assist.in.the.extraction.of.their.absolute.temperature.from.remote.thermal.imagery,”.in.Proceedings.of.the.SPIE,.SPIE.Defense.and.Security,.Thermosense.XXXI,.Infrared.Sensors.and.Systems,.7299,.SPIE,.(Orlando,.Florida,.United.States),.4.2009..

[19]..M..V..Arsenovic,.C..Salvaggio,.A..J..Garrett,.B..D..Bartlett,.J..W..Faulring,.R..L..Kremens,.and.P..S..Salvaggio,.“Use.of.remote.sensing.data.to.enhance.the.performance.of.a.hydrodynamic.simulation.of.a.partially.frozen.power.plant.cooling.lake,”.in.Proceed-ings.of.the.SPIE,.SPIE.Defense.and.Security,.Ther-mosense.XXXI,.Infrared.Sensors.and.Systems,.7299,.SPIE,.(Orlando,.Florida,.United.States),.4.2009.

[20]..S..Higbee,.D..W..Messinger,.Y..Tra,.J..Voelkel,.and.L..Chilton,.“A.bayesian.approach.to.identifcation.of.gaseous.efuents.in.passive.lwir.imagery,”.in.Proceed-ings.of.SPIE,.Defense.and.Security.Symposium,.Algorithms.and.Technologies.for.Multispectral,.Hyper-spectral,.and.Ultraspectral.Imagery.XV,.7334,.SPIE,.(Orlando,.Florida,.United.States),.4.2009..

[21]..T..Doster,.D..Ross,.D..W..Messinger,.and.B..Basener,.“Anomaly.clustering.in.hyperspectral.images,”.in.Proceedings.of.SPIE,.Defense.and.Security.Sympo-sium,.Algorithms.and.Technologies.for.Multispectral,.Hyperspectral,.and.Ultraspectral.Imagery.XV,.7334,.SPIE,.(Orlando,.Florida,.United.States),.4.2009..

[22]..B..Basener.and.D..W..Messinger,.“Enhanced.detec-tion.and.visualization.of.anomalies.in.spectral.imagery,”.in.Proceedings.of.SPIE,.Defense.and.Security.Sympo-sium,.Algorithms.and.Technologies.for.Multispectral,.Hyperspectral,.and.Ultraspectral.Imagery.XV,.7334,.SPIE,.(Orlando,.Florida,.United.States),.April.2009..

[23]..A..Schlamm,.D..W..Messinger,.and.B..Basener,.“Effect.of.manmade.pixels.on.the.inherent.dimension.of.natural.material.distributions,”.in.Proceedings.of.SPIE,.Defense.and.Security.Symposium,.Algorithms.and.Technologies.for.Multispectral,.Hyperspectral,.and.Ultraspectral.Imagery.XV,.7334,.SPIE,.(Orlando,.Florida,.United.States),.2009..

[24]..D..W..Messinger,.C..Salvaggio,.and.N..M..Sinisgalli,.Spectral.Sensing.Research.for.Water.Monitoring.Applications.and.Frontier.Science.and.Frontier.Sci-ence,.and.Technology.for.Chemical,.Biological.and.Radiological.Defense,.vol..48.of.Selected.Topics.in.Electronics.and.Systems,.ch..Detection.of.gaseous.effluents.from.airborne.LWIR.hyperspectral.imagery.using.physics-based.signatures..World.Scientific.Publishing.Company,.Hackensack,.New.Jersey,.United.States,.1st.ed.,.12.2008..

Release Date: Feb. 12, 2009


Improved Sensor Technology Could Someday Keep Tabs on Terrorists by Remote Control

RIT professor John Kerekes leads $1 million project

Scientists.at.Rochester.Institute.of.Technology.are.designing.a.new.kind.of.optical.sensor.to.fly.in.unmanned.air.vehicles,.or.surveillance.drones,.tracking.suspects.on.foot.or.traveling.in.vehicles.identified.as.a.threat.

“The.Air.Force.has.clearly.recognized.the.change.in.the.threat.that.we.have,”.says.John.Kerekes,.associate.professor.in.RIT’s.Chester.F..Carlson.Center.for.Imaging.Science..“I.think.we.all.understand.that.our.military.has.a.paradigm.shift..We’re.no.longer.fighting.tanks.in.the.open.desert;.we’re.fighting.ter-rorists.in.small.groups,.asymmetric.threats.”

Kerekes.won.a.$1.million.Discovery.Challenge.Thrust.grant.from.the.Air.Force.Office.of.Scientific.Research.to.design.ef-ficient.sensors.using.multiple.imaging.techniques.to.track.an.individual.or.a.vehicle..

The.sensor.will.collect.only.the.data.it.needs..It.will.assess.a.situation.and.choose.the.best.sensing.mode.(black.and.white.imaging,.hyperspectral.or.polarization).for.the.purpose..Develop-ing.two.strands.of.information—one.about.the.target,.the.other.about.the.background.environment—will.be.key.to.maintaining.a.connection.and.for.piercing.through.camouflage.effects.

This.is.how.it.will.work:.The.sensor.will.collect.a.black.and.white.image.of.a.target,.say.a.car,.and.will.record.the.shape.of.the.object..A.hyperspectral.image.will.plot.the.object’s.color.as.it.ap-

pears.in.multiple.wavelengths,.from.the.visible.light.to.the.near.and.short.infrared.parts.of.the.spectrum.beyond.what.the.eye.can.see..(This.mode.can.tell.the.difference.between.two.blue.cars.passing.).The.third.imagery.mode,.polarization,.cuts.through.glare.and.gives.information.about.surface.roughness..It.provides.details.that.distin-guish.between.objects.of.similar.color.and.shape..(This.mode.can.lock.onto.the.unique.material.properties.of.the.blue.car.in.question.)

“These.are.all.complementary.pieces.of.information.and.the.idea.is.that.if.the.object.you.are.tracking.goes.into.an.area.where.you.lose.one.piece.of.information,.the.other.information.might.help,”.Kerekes.says.

As.the.lead.scientist.on.the.project,.Kerekes.assembled.a.compre-hensive.team.with.RIT.collaborators.and.other.scientists.to.envision.the.system.from.end.to.end:.all.the.way.from.the.design.of.the.optical.and.microelectronic.devices.to.the.synchronizing.algorithms.that.tie.everything.together.

Zoran.Ninkov,.professor.of.imaging.science.at.RIT,.is.working.on.the.overall.optical.system..Ninkov.is.modifying.one.of.his.own.astronomical.optical.sensors.for.this.downward-looking.pur-pose..Alan.Raisanen,.associate.director.of.RIT’s.Semiconductor.and.Microsystems.Fabrication.Laboratory,.is.designing.tunable.microelectronics.devices.to.collect.specific.wavelengths..Ohio-based.Numerica.Inc.,.a.large.subcontractor.on.the.project,.is.creating.the.advanced.algorithms.necessary.for.tracking.a.target.and.picking.the.right.imaging.mode.based.on.the.scenario.

According.to.Kerekes,.motivation.for.this.project.came.from.Paul.McManamon,.former.chief.scientist.at.the.Air.Force.Research.Laboratory’s.Sensors.Directorate.in.Dayton,.Ohio,.partly.as.a.means.of.eliminating.data.overload.

“The.idea.is.to.lead.to.more.efficient.sensing.both.from.the.point.of.view.of.collecting.the.data.necessary.and.being.able.to.adapt.to.these.different.modalities.based.on.the.conditions.in.the.scene.or.the.task.at.hand,”.says.Kerekes..

The.catch.phrase.is.‘performance-driven.sensing,’”.he.continues..“The.idea.behind.that.is.you.let.the.task.at.hand.and.the.desire.to.optimize.the.performance.drive.what.information.is.collected.”.

Kerekes.and.his.team.are.testing.their.preliminary.models.using.generic.scenarios.played.out.in.a.simulated.world.akin.to.Second.Life..The.computer.program,.known.as.Digital.Imaging.and.Remote.Sensing.Image.Generation.model.(http://dirsig.cis.rit.edu/),.is.driven.by.computer.graphic.codes.that.predict.simulated.sensor.data.and.provide.a.platform.for.testing.scenarios.based.on.imaging.problems,.such.as.Kerekes’.new.sensor.technology.


28

Release Date: Nov. 16, 2009

Contact:.Susan.Gawlowicz

[email protected]

Volatile Gas Could Turn Rwandan Lake into a Freshwater Time Bomb

RIT professor organizes workshop in Rwanda to grapple with the problem of Lake Kivu

A.dangerous.level.of.carbon.dioxide.and.methane.gas.haunts.Lake.Kivu,.the.freshwater.lake.system.bordering.Rwanda.and.the.Democratic.Republic.of.Congo.

Scientists.can’t.say.for.sure.if.the.volatile.mixture.at.the.bottom.of.the.lake.will.remain.still.for.another.1,000.years.or.someday.explode.without.warning..In.a.region.prone.to.volcanic.and.seismic.activity,.the.fragility.of.Lake.Kivu.is.a.serious.matter..Compounding.the.precarious.situation.is.the.presence.of.approximately.2.million.people,.many.of.them.refugees,.living.along.the.north.end.of.the.lake..

An.international.group.of.researchers.will.meet.Jan..13-15.in.Gisenyi,.Rwanda,.to.grapple.with.the.problem.of.Lake.Kivu..A.grant.from.the.National.Science.Foundation.won.by.Roch-ester.Institute.of.Technology.will.fund.the.travel.and.lodging.for.18.scientists.from.the.United.States.to.attend.the.three-day.workshop..Anthony.Vodacek,.conference.organizer.and.associate.professor.at.RIT’s.Chester.F..Carlson.Center.for.Imaging.Science,.is.working.closely.with.the.Rwandan.Ministry.of.Education.to.organize.the.meeting..

“Rwandan.universities.suffered.greatly.in.the.1994.genocide.and.there.are.few.Rwandan.scientists.performing.significant.work.on.the.lake.or.within.the.rift.system,”.Vodacek.notes..“We.will.work.with.the.government.to.identify.interested.researchers.”

Vodacek.is.convening.the.workshop.with.Cindy.Ebinger,.an.expert.in.East.African.Rift.tectonics.at.the.University.of.Roch-ester,.and.Robert.Hecky,.an.expert.in.limnology—the.study.of.lake.systems—at.University.of.Minnesota-Duluth..Core.samples.Hecky.took.in.the.1970s.initially.brought.the.safety.of.Lake.Kivu.under.question.

Addressing.the.lake.as.a.whole.system.is.a.new.concept.for.the.workshop.participants,.who.will.bring.their.expertise.in.volcanology,.tectonics.and.limnology.to.the.problem..Vodacek’s.goal.is.to.prioritize.research.activities.and.improve.

communication.between.the.North.American,.European.and.African.collaborators.

“Most.scientists.are.fairly.in.agreement.that.the.lake.is.pretty.stable;.it’s.not.as.if.its.going.to.come.bursting.out.tomorrow,”.Vodacek.says..“But.in.such.a.tectonically.and.volcanically.active.area,.you.can’t.tell.what’s.going.to.happen.”

One.of.the.problems.with.Lake.Kivu.is.that.the.1,600-foot.deep.lake.never.breathes..The.tropical.climate.helps.stag-nate.the.layers.of.the.lake,.which.never.mix.or.turn.over..In.contrast,.fluctuating.temperatures.in.colder.climates.help.circulate.lake.water.and.prevent.gas.build.up..Lake.Kivu.is.different.from.both.temperate.and.other.tropical.lakes.because.warm.saline.springs,.arising.from.ground.water.percolating.through.the.hot.fractured.lava.and.ash,.further.stabilize.the.lake..Scientists.at.the.workshop.will.consider.how.these.spring.inputs.may.vary.over.time.under.changing.climates.and.volcanic.activity.

A.number.of.catalysts.could.destabilize.the.gas.resting.at.the.bottom.of.Lake.Kivu..It.could.be.an.earthquake,.a.volca-nic.explosion,.a.landslide.or.even.the.methane.mining.that.has.recently.united.Rwandan.and.Congolese.interests..

Close.calls.occurred.in.2008.when.an.earthquake.oc-curred.near.the.lake.and.in.2002.when.a.volcanic.eruption.destroyed.parts.of.Goma.in.the.Democratic.Republic.of.Congo,.only.11.miles.north.of.Lake.Kivu..Although.scientists.were.alarmed,.neither.event.sufficiently.disturbed.the.gas.

Vodacek.likens.the.contained.pressure.in.the.lake.to.a.bottle.of.carbonated.soda.or.champagne..“In.the.lake,.you.have.the.carbon.dioxide.on.the.bottom.and.300.meters.of.water.on.top.of.that,.which.is.the.cap,”.he.says..“That’s.the.pres-sure.that.holds.it..The.gas.is.dissolved.in.water.”

When.the.cap.is.removed,.bubbles.form.and.rise.to.the.sur-face..More.bubbles.form.and.create.a.column.that.drags.the.water.and.the.gas.up.to.the.surface.in.a.chain.reaction..

“The.question.is,.and.what’s.really.unknown,.is.how.explo-sive.is.that?”.Vodacek.says..

Through.his.own.research.Vodacek.plans.to.simulate.the.circulation.of.Lake.Kivu..Modeling.the.circulation.patterns.above.the.layers.of.carbon.dioxide.and.methane.will.help.determine.the.energy.required.to.disrupt.the.gas.and.cause.Lake.Kivu.to.explode..

31

Laboratory for Imaging Algorithms and Systems (LIAS)OverviewThe.Laboratory.for.Imaging.Algorithms.and.Systems.(LIAS).was.founded.in.2001.to.develop.imaging.systems.and.algo-rithms.and.carry.them.to.the.point.of.prototypical.use..LIAS.research.and.development.thrusts.include.

. •.high.performance.airborne.imaging.systems

. •.networked,.ground.based.sensing.systems

. •.management.and.processing.of.sensor.data

. •.development.of.high.value.information.products.

LIAS.is.housed.on.the.second.floor.of.the.IT.Collaboratory,.Building.17..The.current.facilities.include.about.10,000.square.feet.of.laboratory.space.for.the.construction.and.calibration.of.equipment.and.the.development.of.software.systems.

Airborne Imaging Systems

LIAS.operates.4.airborne.imaging.systems..Imagery.from.these.sensors.is.processed.into.georeferenced.images.for.integration.and.display.with.standard.geographic.information.systems.(GIS)..Airborne.sensors.include:

WASP:.High.performance.visible/IR.(RGB,.SWIR,.MWIR,.LWIR).mapping.system.

WASP.LITE:.Light.weight.7.band.imaging.system.with..reconfigurable.spectral.filters

MISI:.70.band.visible,.10.band.infrared.imaging.spectrometer

CAMMS:.compact,.light.weight.mapping.system.for.light.aircraft.or.UAV.applications

The.WASP.system.is.unique.in.its.ability.to.do.rapid.image.collection.in.both.visible.and.infrared.bands.and.its.ability.to.process.and.deliver.the.imagery.to.users.in.various.locations.in.real.time..The.airborne.data.processing.(ADP).architec-ture.supports.sensors,.algorithms.and.communications.as.modules.in.a.network.environment..This.enables.distributed.processing.between.remote.and.ground.stations.and.imme-diate.response.to.users..The.uniqueness.of.this.framework.led.Leica.Geosystems,.Inc..to.name.the.LIAS.laboratory.a.Center.of.Excellence.in.Photogrammetry.and.Remote.Sens-

ing..A.camera.geometry.calibration.laboratory.with.a.unique.imaging.cage.has.been.constructed.for.the.calibration.of.infrared.and.visible.camera.equipment.

Networked, Ground Based SensorsThe.LIAS.Ground.Station.Laboratory.develops.sensors.that.can.be.deployed.on.the.surface.or.in.the.water.to.monitor.environmental.parameters.for.environment.and.emergency.response.monitoring..The.ground.sensor.systems.and.the.air-borne.systems.can.be.used.together.to.provide.an.integrated.view.of.the.environment.using.imagery.and.sensor.data.

Data Processing and ManagementImaging.algorithms.are.developed.by.the.group,.often.in.collaboration.with.the.DIRS.laboratory,.for.the.managing.and.extracting.information.from.remote.sensing.imagery..An.airborne.system.software.architecture.has.been.developed.to.manage.real-time.collection,.processing.and.delivery.of.image.and.sensor.information.to.end.users.such.as.emer-gency.responders..

High Value Information ProductsData.realizes.it's.maximum.value.when.it.is.used.to.make.a.decision..LIAS.researchers.work.with.application.specialists.to.develop.new.ways.of.collecting.and.processing.remote.sensing.data.into.high.value.information.that.enables.quicker,.more.effective.decision.making..Application.areas.are.varied.and.include.wildfire.behavior,.environmental.management.and,.emergency.response.

Our PeopleFaculty and Staff

LIAS.faculty.and.staff.work.as.an.interdisciplinary.team.to.integrate.systems,.analyze.problems.and.advance.the.state.of.knowledge.in.remote.sensing..We.also.work.with.collaborators.in.the.academic,.industrial.and.government.sectors..The.LIAS.team.operating.under.the.leadership.of.Dr..Jan.van.Aardt.includes.faculty.members.Dr..Harvey.Rhody.and.Dr..Robert.Kremens.plus.senior.research.staff.Mr..Don.McKeown,.Mr..Robert.Krzaczek,.and.Mr..Jason.Faulring..Together,.this.team.expertise.includes.environmental.remote.sensing,.image.processing,.data.management,.system.engineering.and.sensor.integration..With.close.working.ties.across.departmental.boundaries,.LIAS.provides.collaboration.

opportunities.with.faculty.from.other.colleges.at.RIT.such.as.the.College.of.Engineering,.College.of.Applied.Science.and.Technology,.and.the.College.of.Liberal.Arts.

Students

LIAS.provides.students.with.valuable.hands-on.experience.developing.sensor.systems,.working.in.field.environments,.and.processing.sensor.data..The.multidisciplinary.nature.of.our.work.draws.students.together.form.a.variety.of.programs.including

. •.Imaging.Science

. •.Electronic/Mechanical.Technology

. •.Computer.Engineering

. •.Bio-Medical.Engineering

. •.Mechanical.Engineering

. •.Computer.Science

. •.Electrical.Engineering.

Currently.5.graduate.students.and.10.undergraduates.are..working.on.LIAS.projects.

32

Major Projects in 2009Wildfire Behavior

LIAS.under.the.leadership.of.Dr..Kremens.has.performed.collaborative.research.on.wildland.fire.behavior.with.three.research.groups.within.the.USDA.Forest.Service:.Northern.Research.Station.(NRS),.Pacific.Northwest.Research.Sta-tion.(PNWRS),.and.the.Rocky.Mountain.Research.Station.(RMRS)..These.projects.build.on.our.expertise.in.infrared.remote.sensing,.image.analysis,.instrumentation,.design.of.experiments,.and.the.application.of.basic.physics.principles.to.environmental.problems..The.projects,.goals.and.achieve-ments.are.outlined.below:

1...Validation.of.Fuel.Consumption.Models.for.Smoke.Management.Planning.in.the.Northcentral.and.Northeastern.Regions.of.the.United.States.with.Roger.Ottmar.(PNWRS).and.Matt.Dickinson.(NRS)..We.have.developed.ground.based.and.airborne.data.collec-tion.systems.to.measure.fuel.consumption.in.several.ecosystems.in.the.Northeast.(KY,.OH,.VA).and.North.Central.(AK,.MS)..The.ground.based.equipment.consists.of.man-portable.6.5m.observation.towers.with.instruments.to.measure.radiant.energy.release,.weather.parameters.(wind.speed,.direction,.relative.humidity.and.air.temperature.at.two.heights,.mid-flame.and.6.5.m),.gas.composition.(CO.and.CO2).and.ground.temperatures..We.also.deploy.a.long.dura-tion.recording.RIT-developed.fireproof.video.camera.to.observe.flame.heights.and.measure.flame.front.speed..The.NASA-developed.WASP.airborne.camera.system.will.be.used.to.observe.the.fires.on.a.land-scape.scale.from.above..Fuel.consumption.for.the.entire.landscape.will.be.made.with.the.WASP.camera.system.using.methods.developed.with.the.NRS.during.previous.research.campaigns..

2...Developing.technologies.for.remote.and.on-the-ground.monitoring.of.wildland.fires.with.Matt.Dickinson.of.the.NRS..This.focus.of.this.project.is.estimation.of.the.transmission.of.infrared.radiation.through.the.forest.canopy..In.conifer.or.leaf-on.deciduous.landscapes,.some.of.the.infrared.radiation.produced.by.a.forest.fire.may.be.intercepted.by.the.forest.canopy.and.effectively.removed.from.the.measurement.process..Using.field.measurements.and.modeling.(analytic.and.DIRSIG).this.project.will.measure.the.severity.of.

the.absorption..This.project.has.implications.both.for.airborne.measurements.of.wildfires.(see.1.above).and.satellite.measurements.(e.g..MODIS.Product.#14)..The.satellite.measurements.have.been.used.in.the.past.to.estimate.global.carbon.production.from.wildfires.burning;.these.estimates.may.be.seriously.compromised.if.absorption/scattering.proves.to.be.a.significant.effect.in.IR.measurement.of.wildfires.

3...Development.of.Infrared.Sensing.Systems.to.Un-derstand.Radiant.Heat.Release.for.Wildland.Fire.Research:.A.Research.Joint.Venture.Agreement.with.Colin.Hardy.and.others.at.the.RMRS..The.purpose.of.this.agreement.is.to.explore,.develop,.and.apply.state-of-science.thermal.infrared.(TIR).remote.sens-ing.hardware,.algorithms,.data.acquisition.methods,.and.integrated.systems.to.quantify.the.processes.and.first-order.effects.of.combustion.in.wildland.fuel..In.particular,.we.seek.to.understand.the.radiant.heat.re-lease.from.wildland.fire.combustion.at.laboratory.and.‘field’.scale,.including.parameters.such.as.emissivity,.total.energy.release,.radiant.flux,.and.energy.partition.between.radiative.and.non-radiative.processes.such.as.convection..To.these.ends,.we.will.collaborate.in.the.development.of.new.and.improved.instrumenta-tion,.laboratory.and.field.experiments,.data.analysis.and.publication.and.dissemination.of.the.results.of.the.work..Our.laboratory.will.develop.the.next.generation.of.field.instruments.for.the.US.Forest.Service.under.this.agreement.

Figure.1.shows.Scientist.Bob.Kremens.during.a.prescribed.fire.operation.in.which.6.RIT.ground.stations.were.deployed.with.a.sequence.of.mosaic.longwave.infrared.images..produced.by.overflight.of.the.WASP-LIE.camera.system..on.a.800.acre.prescribed.fire.in.Daniel.Boone.National..Forest..The.ignition.patterns.and.progression.of.the.fire..may.be.clearly.seen.

SOFIA Data Cycle System (DCS)

This.year.saw.the.continuation.of.the.grant.for.the.de-velopment.of.the.DCS.for.the.Stratospheric.Observatory.for.Infrared.Astronomy.(SOFIA)..SOFIA.is.a.joint.program.between.NASA.and.the.German.Space.Agency,.Deutsches.Zentrum.fur.Luft-.und.Raumfahrt.(DLR)..Bonn,.Germany..This.project.was.begun.several.years.ago.to.develop.a.complete.observation.management.system.for.general.investigators.

for.this.major.NASA.observatory..The.DCS.was.successfully.delivered.for.integration.last.year..Bob.Krzaczek.is.the.lead.software.architect.on.this.project.which.is.undergoing.the.final.stages.of.integration.at.NASA..SOFIA.is.slated.to.begin.its.“first.light”.observations.in.early.winter.2009-2010.as.part.of.the.airborne.telescope’s.20-year.celestial.observation.program.

Figure 1: LIAS Support to Wildfire Research

33

Integrated Sensing Systems Testbed (ISST)

ISST.is.a.NASA.funded.program.lead.by.Don.McKeown.that.follows.on.the.highly.successful.WASP.program..The.WASP.sys-tem,.originally.conceived.as.a.new.airborne.system.for.the.detec-tion.and.mapping.of.wildfires.in.support.of.the.US.Forest.Service,.was.successfully.demonstrated.as.a.tool.for.disaster.response.and.law.enforcement.during.2007..A.key.objective.is.to.demon-strate.the.integration.of.WASP.imagery.information.products.into.the.disaster.response.workflow..Figure.3.shows.the.installation.of.the.WASP.sensor.system.in.a.high.performance.Piper.Navajo.for.rapid.deployment.to.designated.target.areas.

Cold Lake Project (support to DIRS)

In.support.of.a.major.research.effort.funded.by.the.Depart-ment.of.Energy.(DOE).to.model.ice.formation.on.power.plant.cooling.lakes,.the.DIRS.laboratory.under.the.direction.of.Dr..Carl.Salvaggio.has.been.tasked.to.characterize.the.develop-

ment.of.ice.on.a.designated.power.plant.cooling.lake.in.Michi-gan..In.support.of.DIRS,.LIAS.under.the.leadership.of.Jason.Faulring,.provides.development.of.specialized.buoy-based.sensors,.weather.sensors,.and.airborne.thermal.infrared.imag-ing..The.buoys.are.complex.systems.that.measure.water.tem-perature.at.various.depths.and.automatically.log.and.transmit.measurements.wirelessly.to.RIT.from.the.test.site.in.Michigan..Thermal.infrared.imagery.gathered.on.a.periodic.basis.is.combined.with.buoy.temperature.data.to.provide.detailed.3D.temperature.distribution.estimates.over.the.entire.lake.

Figure.5.shows.a.colorized.thermal.infrared.image.collected.by.the.LIAS.WASP.sensor.of.the.power.plant.cooling.lake.dur-ing.winter..The.yellow.areas.indicate.warm.water.discharged.from.the.power.plant..Blue.areas.are.areas.of.snow.and.ice..The.inset.at.upper.right.is.a.color.image.showing.the.power.plant.and.cooling.lake.during.the.summer..The.inset.at.lower.right.shows.one.of.five.LIAS.temperature.measurement.buoys.deployed.on.the.power.plant.cooling.lake.in.Michigan.that.continuously.monitor.lake.water.temperature.and.relay.those.measurements.via.wireless.link.back.to.RIT..

Figure 3: WASP Sensor Installed in High Speed AircraftISST also features integration of WASP imager data with NASA's World-Wind image viewer software. Figure 4 shows a "screen capture" of a high resolution archived WASP image (RGB) of the city of Rochester, NY displayed as a data layer in the World Wind viewer. In this example the World Wind viewer accessed the WASP imagery through a dedicated server at RIT using GeoServer, an Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) compliant, open source web map service (WMS). The underlying base image seen in the upper right corner is a standard LANDSAT image. Note the high resolution of the WASP imagery as compared to LANDSAT.

Figure 4: Integration of WASP imagery with NASA WorldWind Viewer

Figure 2: NASA’s SOFIA Observatory

Figure 5: LIAS Provides High Resolu-tion Thermal Imagery and Automated Temperature Measurements

34

Information Products Laboratory for Emergency Response (IPLER)

Under.sponsorship.from.the.National.Science.Foundation.(NSF),.LIAS.has.kicked.off.a.new.project.to.promote.the.use.of.remote.sensing.technologies.for.emergency.response.applications..The.Information.Products.Laboratory.for.Emer-gency.Response.(IPLER).is.a.joint.research.project.between.LIAS.and.the.MCEER.extreme.events.research.laboratory.at.the.University.at.Buffalo..Dr..Don.Boyd,.RIT.VP.of.Research.is.principal.investigator,.with.Dr..van.Aardt.and.Dr..Tony.Vodacek.from.DIRS.as.co-PIs..

The.mission.of.IPLER.is.to.facilitate.the.communication.of.information.user.(emergency.manager).needs.to.the.technol-ogy.and.service.provider.community.and.conversely,.inform.users.of.the.capabilities.of.new.and.emerging.technologies.to.provide.the.information.they.need..The.desired.outcome.is.renewed.growth.of.business.opportunities.for.technology.and.service.providers,.and.better.decision.making.capabilities.for.incident.managers.

Figure.6.shows.an.example.information.product.in.which.aerial.imagery.of.a.large.river.flood.area.can.be.displayed.on.top.of.a.topographic.map.to.provide.instant.situational.aware-ness.to.emergency.managers.

Technology Transfer Projects

LIAS.under.sponsorship.from.the.New.York.Office.for.Sci-ence,.Technology,.and.Innovation.(NYSTAR),.and.in.collabora-tion.with.Geospatial.Systems.Inc..(GSI).is.showcasing.GSI.camera.technology.as.part.of.demonstrations.to.the.Monroe.County.Office.of.Emergency.Management..Figure.7.shows.the.GSI.KCM-11.high.resolution.metric.imaging.sensor.with.an.aerial.image.in.the.Rochester.area.collected.by.LIAS.

Data Process Management Architecture

LIAS.is.developing.new.sensor.system.development.software.tools.for.the.Air.Force.Office.of.Scientific.Research.(AFOSR).under.a.subcontract.with.City.College.of.New.York.(CUNY)..Dr..Rhody.assisted.by.Bob.Krzaczek.is.developing.the.Data.Process.Management.Architecture.(DPMA),.a.software.system.that.provides.a.team.development.environment.and.a.structured.operational.platform.for.systems.that.require.many.interrelated.and.coordinated.steps..It.is.intended.to.support.team-based.design.and.evaluation.of.complex.systems.by.providing.mechanisms.that.enable.evolutionary.development.and.capture.of.knowledge.about.the.behavior.of.compo-nents.and.their.interactions..This.enables.valuable,.and.often.expensive,.knowledge.to.be.captured.and.reused..The.DPMA.design.is.based.on.three.primary.capabilities:.archival.data.management.that.maintains.a.complete.pedigree.of.all.data.elements,.intelligent.distributed.agents.that.carry.out.all.of.the.processing.tasks.in.a.heterogeneous.environment,.and.pro-cessing.workflows.that.provide.a.fluent.means.to.describe.the.relationship.of.modules.within.the.design.environment..The.design.is.based.on.concepts.of.Representational.State.Trans-fer.(REST).and.provides.a.modular.and.scalable.framework.in.which.a.heterogeneous.collection.of.algorithms.in.different.programming.languages.and.data.in.different.formats.can.be.utilized.fluently.in.the.development.of.complex.data.process-ing.systems.

Figure.8.illustrates.the.progression.of.the.modeled.data.path.from.the.raw.scene.to.a.processed.target.detection.map.that.is.managed.by.the.DPMA. LIAS.is.collaborating.with.Carnegie.Institution.for.Science.

(Dr..Greg.Asner),.the.Council.for.Scientific.and.Industrial.Research,.South.Africa.(Drs..Renaud.Mathieu.and.Konrad.Wessels),.and.the.University.of.the.Witwatersrand.(Dr..Barend.Erasmus).on.an.ambitious.hyperspectral-lidar.project.to.quan-tify.savanna.ecosystem.structure,.function,.and.composition..The.project.is.hosted.by.the.Kruger.National.Park.in.South.Af-rica.and.juxtapositions.protected,.commercial.wildlife.tourism,.and.communal.grazing.land.use.areas..The.main.goals.of.the.initiative.is.to.quantify.landscape.heterogeneity,.investigate.the.effect.of.fire.on.vegetation.structure,.and.assess.eco-system.structure.and.function,.as.well.as.land.degradation,.along.a.land.use.gradient..The.novelty.lies.in.the.combined.use.of.imaging.spectroscopy.and.waveform.LIDAR.data.from.the.Carnegie.Airborne.Observatory;.both.data.types.require.advanced.analysis.approaches.and.signal.processing.skills..

Figure 6: Aerial Imagery Combined with Maps Provide Information

Figure 8: End to End Modeling Flow Provided by the DPMA imaging provided by Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) systems has enor-mous potential for various applications ranging from environmental studies to disaster response. Under the Dr. van Aardt's leadership, LIAS is rapidly increas-ing the collection and processing of LIDAR datasets. Figure 9 shows a display of LIDAR data for a portion of the RIT campus. LIDAR data consists of "point clouds" in which each point corresponds to a LIDAR "hit" or return located in terms of its X, Y, and Z coordinates. Colors in the image indicate elevation.

Figure 7: LIAS Integrated GSI Camera System for Flight Demonstrations

Figure 9: LIDAR Image of RIT Campus

35

CIS.in.general,.and.DIRS.and.LIAS.specifically,.are.well.versed.in.research.that.utilizes.remote.sensing.modalities.of.high.data.dimensionality..LIAS.has.carved.a.niche.for.itself.in.this.project.in.terms.of.waveform.processing.research,.woody.and.herba-ceous.biomass.assessment,.structural.unmixing.approaches,.and.fusion.of.the.two.modalities.towards.assessing.savanna.ecosystem.structure.and.land.degradation..Dr..van.Aardt.is.leading.the.effort.locally,.and.is.supported.by.William.Wu.(PhD;.processing,.simulation,.and.biomass.estimation),.Diane.Sarrazin.(MS;.data.fusion.approaches),.Joe.McGlinchy..(MS;.structural.umixing),.and.David.Kelbe.(senior;.waveform.scaling)..This.research.has.the.potential.to.establish..operational.workflows.and.algorithms.for.waveform.lidar..processing.and.applications.in.the.context.of.vegetation.structural.assessment..

Figure.10.shows.a.cross.section.of.high.resolution.waveform.LIDAR.imagery.from.Kruger.National.Park.in.South.Africa...Note.the.fine.detail.in.the.tree.canopies.where.individual.leaves.can.be.seen.

Group PublicationsS.R..Lach,.S.D..Brown.and.J.P..Kerekes,."Semi-Automated.DIRSIG.Scene.Modeling.from.3D.LIDAR.and.Passive.Imag-ing.Sources",.SPIE.Laser.Radar.Technology.&.Applications.XI,.Defense.&.Security.Symposium,.Orlando,.FL,.April,.2006.

Stephen.R..Lach.and.John.P..Kerekes,."Multisource.Data..Processing.for.Semi-Automated.Radiometrically-Correct.Scene.Simulation",.URBAN/URS,.Paris,.April.2007..

Xiaofeng.Fan.and.Harvey.Rhody,."A.Harris.Corner.Label..Enhanced.MMI.Algorithm.for.Multi-Modal.Airborne.Image..Registration,.2nd.International.Conference.on.Computer..Vision.Theory.and.Applications,.Barcelona,.8-11.March,..2007.VISAPP.2007.

Prudhvi.Gurram,.Eli.Saber.and.Harvey.Rhody,."A.Novel.Tri-angulation.Method.for.Building.Parallel-Perspective.Stereo.

Mosaics",.Electronic.Imaging.Symposium,.San.Jose,..CA,.Jan.2007.

Seminars and PresentationsStephen.R.Lach,.Semi-Automated.DIRSIG.Scene.Modeling.from.3D.LIDAR.and.Passive.Imaging.Sources,.February.7,.2007..(Digital.Imaging.and.Remote.Sensing.seminar).

Harvey.Rhody,.Automated.Imagery.Analysis.&.Scene..Modeling,.NARP.Symposium,.September.13-15,.2006,.Washington,.DC.

Li,.Y.,.A..Vodacek,.N..Raqueno,.R..Kremens,.A.J..Garrett,.I..Bosch,.J.C..Makarewicz,.and.T.W..Lewis..Circulation.and.stream.plume.modeling.in.Conesus.Lake..Environmental.Modeling.and.Assessment..13:275-289..doi:10.1007/s10666-007-9090-x..(2008)

Kremens,.R.L.,.Dickinson,.M.B.,.Bova,.A..Multi-Scale.Wildfire.Radiant.Energy.and.Power.Measurements:.1..Field.Scale.Experiments..Submitted.to.the.Canadian.Journal.of..Forestry.(2008)

PresentationsKremens,.R.L,.Dickinson,.M.B.,.Bova,.A,.Suciu,.L.,.Young,..V..Multi-scale.remote.sensing.of.wildland.fires:.from.laboratory.to.landscape..Presented.at.the.SPIE.Annual.Meeting,..San.Diego,.CA..July.2008.

Kremens,.R.L,.Dickinson,.M.B.,.Bova,.A,.Suciu,.L.,.Young,.V..Airborne.Multi-spectral.imaging.as.an.assessment.and.management.tool.for.prescribed.fires..Presented.at.the.23rd.Annual.Society.for.Conservation.Biology.Annual.Meeting,.Chattanooga,.TN..July.2008.

Kremens,.R.L,.Drake,.R,.Hovey,.A.,.Bove,.G.E..and..Tompkins-Tinch,.C.H..Inexpensive.Buoys.for.Environmental.Education.and.River.Water.Quality.Monitoring..Presented.at.the.51st.Annual.Conference.on.Great.Lakes.Research.(IAGLR)..Peterborough,.Ont.,.Ca..May.2008

R.L.Kremens,.G..E..Bove,.R..Drake.and.D..E..Shields...Remote.Sensing.Solutions.to.Monitor.Water.Pollution.and.Energy.Distribution.System.Security..Presented.at.the..conference.‘Natural.Disasters.in.Small.Communities’,.SUNY.Buffalo,.Buffalo,.NY.February.2008..

Faulring,.Jason.W.,.Casterline,.May.V.,.Salvaggio,.Carl,..Kremens,.Robert.L.,.Salvaggio,.Philip.S.,.Deployment.of.an.

Autonomous.Sensor.Network.for.Remote.Sensing.Applica-tions—Published.in.the.proceedings.of.the.International.Society.for.Computers.&.Their.Applications.First.International.Conference.on.Sensor.Networks.&.Applications,.November..4.-6.2009,.San.Francisco,.California.USA

Wu.J.,.J.A.N..van.Aardt,.G..P..Asner,.R..Mathieu,.T...Kennedy-Bowdoin,.D..Knapp,.K..Wessels,.B.F.N...Erasmus,.and.I..Smit,.2009..Connecting.the.dots.between.laser.waveforms.and.herbaceous.biomass.for.assessment..of.land.degradation.using.small-footprint.waveform.lidar..data..Proceedings.of.2009.IEEE.International.Geoscience..&.Remote.Sensing.Symposium,.July.13-17,.2009,.Cape.Town,.South.Africa,.4p..

Wu.J.,.J.A.N..van.Aardt,.G.P..Asner,.T..Kennedy-Bowdoin,.D..Knapp,.B.F.N..Erasmus,.R..Mathieu,.K..Wessels,.and.I.P.J..Smit,.2009..LiDAR.waveform-based.woody.and.foliar.biomass.estimation.in.savanna.environments..Peer-reviewed.proceedings:.Silvilaser.2009.-.9th.International.Conference.on.Lidar.Applications.for.Assessing.Forest.Ecosystems,.October.14-16,.2009,.College.Station,.TX,.10p.

Figure 10: High Resolution Waveform LIDAR Shows Detailed Tree Canopy Structure

36

Release Date: Aug. 19, 2009


Managing Disasters with High-tech Imaging Could Save Lives

RIT, University at Buffalo seek to improve emergency response with real-time information

The.debacle.of.Hurricane.Katrina.proved.that.scram-bling.for.information.during.a.disaster.is.no.way.to.run.an.emergency.response.effort..Quick.access.to.information.is.critical.to.saving.life.and.property.in.the.precarious.hours.following.a.disaster.

Improving.disaster.response.is.one.of.the.goals.of.the.Information.Products.Laboratory.for.Emergency.Response,.a.partnership.between.Rochester.Institute.of.Technology.and.the.University.at.Buffalo..The.collaboration.will.foster.research.to.improve.disaster.mitigation.planning,.real-time.response.and.recovery.efforts,.and.to.create.potential.busi-ness.opportunities.for.industry.

The.incubator,.funded.with.$600,000.from.the.National.Science.Foundation,.will.focus.on.technology,.policy.and.business-development.and.bring.together.university.researchers,.private.sector.service.and.product.providers,.and.emergency.response.decision.makers.

“The.economic.benefit.of.this.initiative.will.be.seen.in.the.growth.of.disaster-related.information.products.and.work-ers.who.know.how.to.use.them,”.says.Donald.Boyd,.RIT.vice.president.of.research.and.lead.scientist.on.the.project..

RIT.and.UB.are.leading.centers.in.remote.sensing,.or.the.use.of.airborne.sensors.or.satellite.imagery.to.capture.data.over.large.areas..The.laboratory.team.has.extensive.experi-ence.in.fire.and.flood.research,.and.previous.collaborations.with.local.emergency.response.personnel..Matching.the.needs.of.emergency.responders.with.information.products.that.combine.remote.sensing.imagery.with.geographical.in-formation.systems.is.central.to.the.lab’s.mission..Geospa-tial.analysis.technology.can.be.used.to.show.crisis.manag-ers.what.is.happening.during.a.disaster,.where.events.are.occurring.and.how.they.might.develop.over.time.

Information.products.developed.at.the.RIT-UB.lab.will.identify.priority.areas.in.disaster.events.through.the.use.of.digital.elevation.models.of.ground.surfaces.for.flood-plain.mapping.using.radar.or.light.detection.and.ranging,.or.LIDAR,.sensors,.and.multi-spectral.infrared.detection.of.fire.and.floods.through.long-.and.short-wave.infrared.sensing.

“By.working.with.agencies,.companies.and.end-users,.IPLER.allows.us.to.leverage.the.broad.expertise.in.disas-ter.mitigation.and.response.that.is.exemplified.by.the.UB.2020.extreme.events.strategic.strengthUB.2020.Strategic.Strength.on.Extreme.Events,”.says.Chris.Renschler,.asso-ciate.professor.in.the.UB.Department.of.Geography,.leader.of.the.UB.team.and.research.scientist.of.the.National.Cen-ter.for.Geographic.Information.and.Analysis.and.at.UB’s.MCEER,.(formerly.known.as.the.Multidisciplinary.Center.for.Earthquake.Engineering.Research)..“An.important.goal.of.this.project.is.ensuring.that.the.new.technologies.that.we.develop.in.our.research.labs.at.RIT.and.UB.will.best.meet.the.needs.of.the.people.in.agencies.and.industries.who.are.charged.with.protecting.our.communities.during.disasters.and.attempting.to.improve.their.resilience.in.the.face.of.natural.and.man-made.hazards.”

Researchers.at.the.Information.Products.Laboratory.for.Emergency.Response.will.hold.a.series.of.workshops.starting.in.the.fall.to.bring.together.disaster.management.experts.and.technology.and.service.providers..Industry.partners.specializing.in.satellite.and.airborne.sensors.and.analysis.software.tools.are.Kucera.International,.ImageCat.Inc.,.DigitalGlobe.and.Pictometry.International..These.team.members.will.share.data.sets.for.research.and.develop-ment.and.existing.software.tools..In.turn,.the.companies.will.benefit.from.products.developed.at.the.lab.and.con-tacts.with.potential.clients.

Public.sector.partners.will.provide.consultation.for.informa-tion.product.needs.and.requirements,.and.feedback.on.research..The.U.S..Forest.Service.Remote.Sensing.Ap-plications.Center,.New.York.State.Office.of.Homeland.Se-curity,.New.York.State.Foundation.for.Science,.Technology.and.Innovation.and.Monroe.County.Office.of.Emergency.Management.will.provide.feedback.

“The.idea.is.that.we.go.directly.to.end-users.and.ask.them.what.they.need.in.terms.of.disaster.management.products,.and.then.go.back.to.the.sensing.system.and.do.the.research.and.develop.the.algorithms.that.lead.to.the.

identified.products,”.says.Jan.van.Aardt,.RIT.co-principal.investigator..“It’s.all.about.open.flow.of.communication.from.end-user.up.to.the.level.where.we.integrate.systems.and.algorithms.for.operational.purposes..”

The.first.set.of.information.products.will.focus.on.flood.and.wild.land.fire.mapping.using.existing.data.collected.by.researchers.at.RIT’s.Chester.F..Carlson.Center.for.Imaging.Science.and.UB’s.MCEER..Next.year,.the.team.will.define.another.set.of.disasters.based.on.user.need.

“We.could.potentially.go.from.fires.to.gas.leak.detec-tion,.environmental.disasters,.terrorist.attacks,”.says.Don.McKeown,.RIT.research.scientist.and.Information.Products.Laboratory.for.Emergency.Response.team.member..“A.lot.of.the.tools.you.have.in.your.remote-sensing.tool.box.are.the.same;.it.doesn’t.matter.what.the.application.is.”.“Research.won’t.gather.dust.on.a.shelf,”.adds.van.Aardt..“Research.outputs.will.actually.be.used.in.operational.envi-ronments..I.think.that’s.really.exciting.”

Student.research.is.another.important.aspect.of.the.labora-tory..The.NSF.grant.will.support.an.undergraduate.in.imag-ing.science.and.in.computer.science,.as.well.as.a.doctoral.candidate..Working.under.Tony.Vodacek,.RIT.co-principal.investigator.on.the.lab.team,.is.Bin.Chen,.a.doctoral.candi-date.at.RIT’s.Center.for.Imaging.Science,.who.will.provide.the.research.backbone.for.product.development.

“We’re.educating.students.who.know.something.about.the.emergency.response.community,”.notes.Vodacek..“Their.potential.jobs.would.be.working.for.companies.like.the.ones.we’re.partnering.with..In.essence,.they’d.get.scientists.with.the.expertise.so.that.they.can.do.their.own.research.”

The.Information.Products.Laboratory.for.Emergency.Re-sponse.team.is.led.by.RIT’s.Don.Boyd..Supporting.mem-bers.of.the.laboratory.include.remote.sensing.researchers.at.RIT:.Jan.van.Aardt,.Don.McKeown.and.Tony.Vodacek,.and.Jamie.Winebrake,.chair.of.science,.technology.and.society/public.policy;.and.geospatial.analysis.experts.at.UB:.Chris.Renschler.and.Ronald.Eguchi,.an.MCEER.affili-ate.from.ImageCat.Inc..of.Long.Beach,.Calif.

.


Professor Roy S. Berns making spectral reflectance factor measurements of The Bedroom (F 482) at the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. These measurements were used to identify appropriate retouching

paints for an upcoming treatment and to assess color changes during the last 75 years.

38

39

Munsell Color Science Laboratory (MCSL)Laboratory Director’s Comments By Roy S. Berns

OverviewMCSL Celebrates Its Silver Anniversary

RIT’s.commitment.to.color.technology.began.long.before.the.creation.of.the.Munsell.Color.Science.Laboratory.(MCSL)..Starting.with.the.Graphic.Arts.Research.Center.(GARC).and.later.the.RIT.Research.Corporation,.there.were.research.projects.concerned.with.improving.our.understanding.and.practices.of.color.reproduction,.particularly.color.printing..As.early.as.1975,.Milton.Pearson,.a.leader.in.graphic.arts.color.research.and.a.GARC.scientist,.proposed.the.formation.of.a.color.research.laboratory.in.order.to.expand.such.activities.on.campus..RIT.fostered.research.connections.with.Hunter.Associates.Laboratories.and.Richard.Hunter,.its.founder,.and.with.Eastman.Kodak.and.Franc.Grum..By.the.1980’s,.Franc.Grum.was.a.research.laboratory.head.in.optical.metrology.and.standards.at.Kodak,.the.Division.2.director.of.the.Inter-national.Commission.on.Illumination,.and.the.vice.president.of.the.Board.of.Trustees.of.the.Munsell.Color.Foundation,.Inc..This.foundation.had.been.supporting.graduate.research.in.color.science.for.many.years..

During.this.time,.Franc.Grum.became.an.adjunct.professor.within.the.School.of.Photographic.Arts.and.Sciences.at.RIT.and.assumed.the.pivotal.role.in.expanding.the.concept.of.a.color.science.research.laboratory.to.include.a.significant.edu-cational.component.and.a.standards.facility.in.color.measure-ment..Richard.Hunter.recognized.the.need.for.a.faculty.mem-ber.devoted.to.this.scientific.discipline.culminating.in.1982.with.the.establishment.of.the.Richard.S..Hunter.Professorship.in.Color.Science,.Appearance,.and.Technology.through.a.gift.from.Richard.and.Elizabeth.Hunter..The.goal.of.the.professor-ship.was.to.increase.RIT’s.research.and.educational.efforts.in.the.area.of.color.science,.appearance.and.technology.in.order.to.“benefit.the.industry.and.science.concerned.with.color.”.Franc.Grum.took.early.retirement.from.Kodak.and.was.appointed.the.first.Hunter.Professor.in.1983.

Concomitantly,.the.Munsell.Color.Foundation,.Inc..was.mak-ing.plans.to.dissolve.itself.and.looking.to.transfer.its.assets.to.

a.university.research.program..A.proposal.was.made.to.the.foundation.by.RIT.to.use.the.assets.to.establish.a.research.laboratory,.the.Munsell.Color.Science.Laboratory,.which.would.be.directed.by.the.Hunter.Professor..The.combina-tion.of.an.endowed.professorship.in.color.science,.a.history.of.industrial.color.research,.and.Franc.Grum’s.interests.and.reputation.proved.to.be.a.winning.combination..The.Munsell.Color.Science.Laboratory.(MCSL).was.established.following.the.dissolution.of.the.Munsell.Color.Foundation.in.1983.

Using.the.Rensselaer.Color.Measurement.Laboratory,.a.highly.successful.academic.research.program.in.color.science.di-rected.by.Fred.Billmeyer,.Jr..(also.the.secretary.of.the.Munsell.Color.Foundation.Board.of.Trustees),.as.a.model,.four.guiding.objectives.evolved.for.MCSL:

(1)..To.provide.undergraduate.and.graduate.education.in.color.science,.

(2).To.carry.on.applied.and.fundamental.research,.

(3)..To.facilitate.spectral,.colorimetric,.photometric,.spatial,.and.geometric.measurements.at.the.state-of-the-art,.and.

(4)..To.sustain.an.essential.ingredient.for.the.success.of.the.first.three—namely,.liaison.with.industry,.academia.and.government.

Thus the mission of the Munsell Color Science Laboratory is to advance the science, understanding, and technology of color and appearance through education, research, and outreach.

Today,.color.science.research.at.RIT.encompasses.diverse.fields.such.as.computer.graphics.and.animation,.art.con-servation,.spectral.and.spatial.measurements.of.materials,.color.printing.and.display,.lighting,.digital.photography,.digital.cinema.and.television,.digital.image.processing,.and.vision.modeling.for.use.in.defining.color.quality.for.manufacturing.

MCSL.is.one.of.the.research.labs.within.RIT’s.Chester.F..Carlson.Center.for.Imaging.Science..Imaging.science.has.provided.many.synergistic.technologies.that.aid.the.advance-ment.of.color.science.knowledge,.particularly.when.relating.“color”.and.“appearance.”.Richard.Hunter.defined.appearance.

as.the.geometric.and.spatial.properties.of.materials,.both.of.which.affect.the.color.perception.of.an.object..Words.such.as.glossy,.hazy,.rough,.smooth,.and.matte.are.aspects.of.appearance..During.the.20th.Century,.color.and.appearance.were.measured.separately.using.instruments.that.integrated.large.areas..In.the.21st.Century,.these.measurements.are.performed.using.imaging.systems,.enabling.material.color.and.appearance.to.be.quantified.simultaneously..Color.appear-ance.is.a.term.defining.color.perception.within.the.context.of.an.environment.and.enables.numerical.specification.taking.into.account.factors.such.as.lighting,.surround,.and.size..A.digital.image.quantifies.a.complex.scene..Image.appearance.models.are.used.to.predict.how.our.visual.system.interprets.such.a.scene.by.re-rendering.the.image.at.different.points.along.the.visual.pathway..Clearly,.imaging.science.is.a.critical.discipline.in.our.research.and.education.

Since.the.lab’s.creation,.we.have.bridged.basic.science.and.its.practical.application.in.advancing.technology..While.we.have.received.substantial,.ongoing.funding.for.basic.research.from.federal.agencies.and.foundations,.one.of.the.unique.aspects.of.MCSL.is.the.strength.of.our.research.ties.and.support.from.industry..Most.of.our.graduates.have.gone.on.to.successful.careers.within.these.industries.

Twenty-five.years.ago,.MCSL.began.in.a.single.room..The.current.facilities.encompass.about.8000.square.feet.dedi-cated.to.color.science.education.and.research..They.include.student,.faculty,.and.staff.offices,.a.teaching.laboratory.(Franc.Grum.Color.Science.Learning.Center),.several.research.laboratories.(Spectral.Color.Reproduction,.Material.Appear-ance.and.Novel.Displays,.3-D.Imaging,.Metrology,.and.Vision.and.Psychophysics),.and.support.facilities..The.facilities.have.been.equipped.with.several.million.dollars.worth.of.instrumen-tation.and.systems.through.a.long.history.of.external.research.funding.and.corporate.donations.

40

Our.educational.programs.have.also.continued.to.grow.in.25.years..In.1983,.a.lone.student.in.the.Photographic.Science.department.was.helping.Franc.Grum.create.an.operational.research.laboratory..There.was.a.single.undergraduate.course.in.colorimetry..Today,.we.have.M.S..and.Ph.D..degrees.in.color.science.and.imaging.science.students.can.concentrate.in.color.imaging..There.are.seven.core.graduate.courses.in.color.science..MCSL.has.had.up.to.20.students.engaged.in.research.at.one.time..This.year.is.a.milestone.in.graduate.education;.the.number.of.MCSL.graduates.has.topped.100..Currently,.we.are.four.full-time.and.two.affiliate.faculty.mem-bers,.two.technical.staff,.and.one.administrative.assistant..The.industrial.courses.developed.by.Fred.Billmeyer,.Jr..and.transferred.to.RIT.in.1983.have.evolved.to.“Essentials.of.Color.Science,”.a.four-day.course.containing.16.seminars.from.the.basics.to.our.latest.research.activities,.team-taught.by.MCSL.faculty.and.staff..The.course.has.remained.fully.enrolled.since.1983.We.have.also.developed.a.visiting.scientist.program.providing.advanced.education.and.research.opportunities.for.industrial.scientists.and.engineers..

A.MCSL.hallmark.is.the.publication.of.articles,.writing.books,.participating.in.conferences,.and.participating.in.standards.committees..As.an.example,.during.2007,.we.had.53.publi-cations,.and.this.year,.50.

Clearly,.our.achievements.are.a.result.of.community:.the.color.science.community.beyond.RIT.that.has.given.us.support,.guidance,.and.encouragement;.the.RIT.community.that.has.encouraged.our.evolution;.and.most.importantly,.the.com-munity.created.by.the.graduates,.students,.faculty,.and.staff.associated.with.the.Munsell.Color.Science.Laboratory..I.thank.all.of.you.for.this.continued.support.

Writing.this.short.history,.I.realize.that.this.also.marks.my..25th.anniversary!

StaffMCSL.is.made.up.of.a.group.of.RIT.faculty.who.have.joined.together.with.a.commitment.to.the.lab’s.objectives.and.its.col-laborative.funding.along.with.the.graduate.students,.technical.and.administrative.staff,.and.visitors.that.they.supervise.and

advise..Current.faculty.associated.with.MCSL.include.Roy.S..Berns.(Richard.S..Hunter.Professor.of.Color.Science,.Appear-ance,.and.Technology),.Mark.D..Fairchild.(Professor),.James.Ferwerda.(Associate.Professor),.Noboru.Ohta.(CIS.Affiliate.

Professor),.and.Garrett.Johnson.(CIS.Affiliate.Professor)...Current.staff.include.David.Wyble.(Associate.Scientist),..Lawrence.Taplin.(Assistant.Scientist),.and.Valerie.Hemink.(Administrative.Assistant).

Research ThemesResearch.in.MCSL.can.be.organized.into.these.general.themes:

1)..Colorimetry.including.metrology,.psychophysics,..and.tolerance.formulae.modeling,

2).Image.color-appearance.psychophysics.and.modeling,

3).High-dynamic.range.image.capture.and.display,

4)..3-D.imaging.of.paintings.including.BRDF,.surface-.normal,.and.visible-spectral.measurements.and..realistic.image.synthesis,

5)..Spectral.color.reproduction.including.multi-spectral..capture,.multi-ink.inkjet.printing,.and.spectral.color..management,

6).Art.conservation.science,

7).Material.appearance

FacilitiesThe.laboratory.has.been.housed.in.RIT’s.Color.Science.Building.(Bldg..18).on.the.south.side.of.campus.since.the.fall.of.2003..Previously.the.laboratory.was.housed.in.the.Carlson.(76).and.Gannett.(7B).buildings..The.current.facili-ties.encompass.about.8000.square.feet.dedicated.to.color.and.imaging.science.education.and.research..They.include.student,.faculty,.and.staff.offices,.a.teaching.laboratory.(Franc.Grum.Color.Science.Learning.Center),.several.research.laboratories.(Spectral.Color.Reproduction,.Material.Appear-ance.and.Novel.Displays,.3-D.Imaging,.Metrology,.and.Vision.and.Psychophysics),.and.support.facilities..The.facilities.have.been.equipped.with.several.million.dollars.worth.of.instrumen-tation.and.systems.through.a.long.history.of.external.research.funding.and.corporate.donations.

41

SponsorsApple.Computer.Inc.

Avian.Technologies.LLC

Canon.Inc.

The.family.of.Chester.F..Carlson.

E..I..du.Pont.de.Nemours.and.Company

Eastman.Kodak

Entertainment.Experience.LLC

Scot.Fernandez

Hallmark.Cards.Inc.

Hewlett.Packard.Company

Andrew.and.Maureen.Juenger

The.Andrew.W..Mellon.Foundation

Microsoft.Corporation

Museum.of.Modern.Art.(MoMA),.New.York

National.Science.Foundation.(NSF)

New.York.State.Foundation.for.Science,.Technology.and.In-novation.(NYSTAR/CEIS)

Nikon.Corporation

ONYX.Graphics

Philips.Solid.State.Lighting

Sinar.AG

Sony.Corporation

Toppan.Printing.Co.,.Ltd.

U.S..Army.Night.Vision.and.Electronic.Sensors.Directorate

X-Rite.Inc.

ScholarshipIn.the.past.year,.MCSL.students,.faculty,.and.staff.published.50.journal.papers.and.conference.proceedings..Several,.high-lighting.our.breadth,.are.listed.below..Further.details.on.MCSL.activities.and.publications.can.be.found.at.the.lab.website,.www.cis.rit.edu/mcsl.or.specifically.in.recent.MCSL.Annual.Reports,.www.cis.rit.edu/mcsl/about/AnnualReports.php..

Selected Journal PublicationsBerns.RS..Generalized.industrial.color-difference.space.based.on.multi-stage.color.vision.and.line-element.integration..Óptica.Pura.Y.Aplicada.2008:41:(4)301-311.

Berns.RS,.Taplin.LA,.Urban.P,.Zhao.Y..Spectral.color..reproduction.of.paintings..Proceedings.CGIV.2008./.MCS’08:.484-488.

Casella.SE,.Heckaman.RL,.Fairchild.MD,.Sakurai.M..Mapping.standard.image.content.to.wide-gamut.displays..Proceedings.IS&T/SID.16th.Color.Imaging.Conference..

Chen.Y,.Berns.RS,.Taplin.LA,.Imai.FA..A.multi-ink.color-sep-aration.algorithm.improving.image.quality..Journal.of.Imaging.Science.and.Technology.2008:52.020604-1.

Fairchild.MD..The.HDR.Photographic.Survey..MDF,.Honeoye.Falls..2008.

Fairchild.MD..Beyond.the.locus.of.spectrally.pure.colors..SPIE/IS&T.Electronic.Imaging,.San.Jose..2008:Proc..SPIE.Vol..6807,.680702.

Ferwerda.JA,.Ramanarayanan.G,.Bala.K,.Walter.BJ..Visual.Equivalence:.an.object-based.approach.to.image.qual-ity..Proceedings.IS&T/SID.16th.Color.Imaging.Conference..2008:347-354.

Fujine.T,.Kanda.T,.Yoshida.Y,.Sugino.M,.Teragawa.M,.Ya-mamoto.Y,.Ohta.N..Bit.depth.needed.for.high.image.quality.TV-evaluation.using.color.distribution.index..Journal.Display.Technology.2008:4(3),.340-347.

Kuniba.H.and.Berns.RS..Spectral.sensitivity.optimization.of.color.image.sensor.considering.photon.shot.noise..Proceed-ings.of.SPIE.Electronic.Imaging.Conference.2008:6817,.10.1117/12.765565.

Ramanarayanan.G,.Bala.K,.Ferwerda.JA..Perception.of..complex.aggregates..ACM.Transactions.on.Graphics..(SIGGRAPH.’08).2008:27(3):1-10.

Reinhard.E,.Khan.EA,.Akyüz.AO,.Johnson.GM,.Color..Imaging:.Fundamentals.and.Applications,.A.K.Peters,.LTD,.Wellesley,.MA.2008.

Sakurai.M,.Heckaman.RL,.Casella.SE,.Fairchild.MD,.Nakat-sue.T,.Shimpuku.Y..Effects.of.display.properties.on.perceived.color-gamut.volume.and.preference..Journal.of.the.Society.of.Information.Display.2008:16,.1203-1211.

42

Newest Ph.D. has long history in imagingRelease Date: Jan. 5, 2009

Contact:.Kathy.Lindsley(585)[email protected]

The.first.year.was.difficult,.says.Rodney.Heckaman,.the.lat-est.person.to.earn.a.Ph.D..from.RIT

“My.wife.called.me.a.ghost,”.he.says..“She.never.saw.me.”.

That.was.2003,.when.Heckaman,.approaching.age.60,.began.working.toward.a.doctoral.degree.in.imaging.science..Between.classes,.homework.and.projects,.he.typically.logged.just.a.few.hours.of.sleep.each.night.

He.liked.the.work,.the.environment.and,.especially,.the.other.students.and.the.professors.in.the.Chester.F..Carlson.Center.for.Imaging.Science..“The.people.here.are.brilliant,”.he.says.of.the.faculty..“And.I.love.working.with.the.students;.they.have.such.great.insight.”

Heckaman.proved.to.be.an.outstanding.student,.winning.the.prestigious.Macbeth-Engel.Fellowship.for.his.educational.excellence..He.focused.in.the.area.of.color.science;.the.in-triguing.title.of.his.doctoral.thesis.is.Brilliance,.Contrast,.Col-orfulness.and.the.Perceived.Volume.of.Device.Color.Gamut..His.image.processing.work.has.implications.for.improved.display.media.of.various.types,.including.cinema.and.video.

“The.technology.is.growing.so.fast.that.soon.we.will.be.able.to.see.displays.that.have.the.look.of.real.life,”.he.says.

Despite.being.the.oldest.Ph..D..candidate.anyone.can.remember,.Heckaman.was.treated.like.any.other.student,.says.his.Ph..D..adviser,.Mark.Fairchild.’86.(imaging.science),.professor,.Munsell.Color.Science.Laboratory..“He.was.a.very.good.student,”.says.Fairchild,.“very.involved.in.research.we’re.doing.and.working.with.other.students.”

Before.coming.to.RIT,.Heckaman.spent.32.years.as.a.prod-uct.development.engineer.at.Eastman.Kodak.Co.;.among.many.projects.he.worked.on.were.the.Advanced.Photo.System.(APS).as.well.as.the.disc.photo.system.that.became.a.billion-dollar.product.for.the.company.

But.when.the.opportunity.came.to.take.early.retirement,.he.was.not.reluctant.to.leave..“We.all.went.into.the.auditorium.and.they.said.‘Any.volunteers?’.I.must.have.been.the.first.guy.on.the.stage.”

He.tried.his.hand.at.consulting.and.worked.on.a.couple.of.dot-com.companies..But.eventually,.he.was.ready.for.something.new..It.was.Heckaman’s.friend.and.neighbor,.RIT.Criminal.Justice.Professor.John.Klofas,.who.steered.the.former.Kodak.engineer.to.the.Ph.D..program.

Klofas.is.not.surprised.that.Heckaman.did.so.well.in.the.pro-gram..“He’s.a.very.talented.guy.with.very.broad.interests,”.he.says..“I.have.no.doubt.it.was.difficult,.but.he’s.the.kind.of.guy.who.enjoys.a.challenge..He.could.never.just.sit.around.and.do.nothing.”

Although.he’s.completed.the.Ph.D.,.Heckaman.won’t.be.leaving.RIT.any.time.soon..He’s.been.asked.to.stay.on.as.a.post-doctoral.researcher.

“I.get.to.stay.here.and.keep.working..It’s.amazing.to.me.”

Release Date: June 2, 2009


RIT Professor Wins Prestigious Color Science Award

Roy Berns named the 2009 Godlove Award recipient

Rochester.Institute.of.Technology.professor.Roy.Berns.is.being.recognized.with.one.of.the.most.prestigious.awards.in.the.field.of.color.science.

The.Inter-Society.Color.Council,.the.professional.association.of.the.field.of.color.science,.has.named.Berns.the.recipient.of.the.2009.Godlove.Award.for.his.contributions,.through.research.and.education,.in.color.and.imaging.science.and.for.his.leadership.in.the.color.community.

Berns.is.the.Richard.S..Hunter.Professor.of.Color.Science,.Appearance.and.Technology.and.director.of.the.Munsell.Color.Science.Laboratory.in.RIT’s.Chester.F..Carlson.Center.for.Imaging.Science.

The.biennial.Godlove.Award,.established.in.1956,.honors.Berns’.advancements.in.fundamental.and.applied.color.science.and.color.imaging..Berns.is.especially.known.for.his.work.in.color.difference.perception.and.formula.devel-

opment,.modeling.color-imaging.systems,.and.spectral.imaging,.including.capture.and.printing..His.spectral.imaging.systems.are.currently.in.use.by.museums.and.archivists.to.document,.conserve.and.reproduce.works.of.art.and.other.cultural.heritage.

“The.Godlove.Award.is.a.very.fitting.recognition.for.the.breadth.and.depth.of.Roy.Berns’.sustained.and.significant.contributions.to.the.field.of.color.and.imaging.science,”.states.the.ISCC’s.award.announcement..“His.endeavors.have.empowered.numerous.students.and.advanced.many.areas.of.understanding.in.color.and.imaging.science,.both.directly.through.his.own.research.and.indirectly.through.the.many.researchers.that.he.has.trained.”

“I.am.so.excited.to.be.joining.the.ranks.of.many.of.my.color-science.idols.who.have.received.this.prestigious.award.in.the.past,”.Berns.says..“My.success.is.due,.in.no.small.part,.to.the.talents.of.my.colleagues.and.students..This.award.will.serve.as.inspiration.as.we.continue.to.advance.color.sci-ence.education.and.research.at.RIT.”

Berns.is.the.author.of.more.than.200.journal.publications.and.the.third.edition.of.Billmeyer.and.Saltzman’s.Principles.of.Color.Technology..He.is.a.member.of.the.International.Commission.on.Illumination,.a.fellow.of.the.Society.for.Imag-ing.Science.and.Technology,.an.executive.board.member.of.the.International.Association.of.Colour.and.the.Inter-Society.Color.Council..He.is.a.past.recipient.of.the.color.council’s.MacBeth.Award.

Berns.will.receive.the.Godlove.Award.at.the.annual.meeting.of.the.Inter-Society.Color.Council,.held.at.RIT.June.7,.and.in.conjunction.with.the.Munsell.Color.Science.Laboratory.25th.Anniversary.Symposium.featuring.several.past.recipients.of.the.Godlove.Award.

.


RIDL camera mounted to the 2.1 meter telescope at the Kitt Peak National Observatory in Tucson, AZ.

44

45

Rochester Imaging Detector LaboratoryLaboratory Director’s Comments

By Dr. Don Figer

Overview

In.2006,.the.Rochester.Institute.of.Technology.established.the.Rochester.Imaging.Detector.Laboratory.(RIDL)..The.Rochester.Imaging.Detector.Laboratory.(RIDL).seeks.to.develop.and.implement.quantum-limited.photon.detectors..These.devices.will.extract.all.possible.information.from.each.incoming.photon.in.order.to.enhance.signal.detection.to.the.highest.theoretical.level..In.pursuit.of.this.mission,.the.RIDL.has.about.ten.funded.programs.(~$6M).to.develop.emerging.detector.technology.at.all.levels.of.maturity.and.integration.for.a.wide.range.of.appli-cations,.e.g..astrophysics,.biomedical.imaging,.Earth.system.science,.and.inter-planetary.travel..The.RIDL.collaborates.with.over.a.dozen.organizations.in.academia,.industry,.and.national.laboratories..The.RIDL.enjoyed.a.year.of.expansion,.growth,.and.discovery..During.the.academic.year,.RIDL.hired.a.project.manager.and.two.lab.engineers/programmers.to.work.on.our.designing.and.developing.imaging.detectors.

While.some.of.our.goals.include.detector.testing,.character-ization,.and.research.and.development,.the.staff.is.deeply.involved.in.scientific.discovery..During.the.year.Ben.Davies.and.Don.Figer.published.their.findings.on.newly.discovered.massive.star.clusters.which.provide.the.unique.opportunity.to.study.the.pre-supernova.evolution.of.massive.stars,.and.the.blue-.to.red-supergiant.ratio.at.uniform.chemical.content.

Faculty and Staff

RIDL’s.director.is.Dr..Don.Figer.who.joined.RIT.as.a.result.of.a.NYSTAR.Faculty.Development.grant,.which.highlights.New.York.State’s.commitment.to.assisting.universities.develop.new.areas.of.expertise.leading.to.economic.development..Figer.has.teamed.together.with.faculty.member.Zoran.Ninkov,.Lead.Instrument.Development.in.proposing.and.winning.numerous.NASA.grants.for.the.research.and.development.of.novel.de-tectors.that.will.fly.in.future.NASA.space.missions...During.this.period.the.RIDL.was.awarded.a.$2.8.million.grant.to.develop.the.multi-array.detector.for.the.Thirty-Meter.Telescope,.one.of.

the.planned.giant.telescopes.that.will.be.operational.within.the.next.ten.years.

Other.staff.members.who.assist.RIDL.with.its.mission.include.Brian.Ashe,.Project.Manager,.Brandon.Harold.,.Donald.Stauffer.and.Tom.Montagliano,.Lab.Engineers;.Christine.Trom-bley,.Data.Analysts;.and.Post.Doc’s.Ben.Davies.and.Maria.Messineo.

Grants and Contracts New

. •. Gordon.and.Betty.Moore.Foundation

. . o. .Next.Generation.Imaging.Detectors.for.Near-.and.Mid-IR.Wavelength.Telescopes,.Sept08-Oct12,.$2,839,193

. •. Sandia.National.Laboratories

. . o. .FPGA.Image.Acquisition.Software.Development,.June08-Sept10,.$95,115

Current

. •. .NYSTAR—Faculty.Development.Award,.May06-June09,.$727,900

. •. NASA

. . o. .A.Very.Low.Noise.CMOS.Detector.Design.for.NASA,.Jan07-Jan10,.$847,000

. . o. .A.Radiation.Tolerant.Detector.for.NASA.Planetary.Missions,.June07-June10,.$592,000

. . o. .A.LIDAR.Imaging.Detector.for.NASA.Planetary.Mis-sions,.August08-July12,.$546,711

. . o. ."The.Journey.of.a.Photon:".High.School.Student.Involvement.in.Developing.their.Community's.Understanding.of.Detector.Science.for.the.Interna-tional.Year.of.Astronomy/Year.of.Science.(2009).and.Beyond,.Dec07-June10,.$44,850

. •. Stanford.Linear.Accelerator.Center

. . o. .Research.and.Development.related.to.the.Large.Synoptic.Survey.Telescope.(LSST).camera,.Oct07-Sept08,.$25,000

PublicationsDiscovery Of A Globular Cluster In The Galactic Disk.

. Figer,.D..F..et.al..2009,.,.Astrophysical.Journal,.in.preparation.

Supermassive Star Clusters in the Milky Way: Total Number Estimate and a Constrained Search in the Two Micron All Sky Survey Point Source Catalog.

. .Ivanov,.V..D.,.Messineo,.M.,.Zhu,.Q.,.Figer,.D.,.Borisso-va,.J.,.&.Kurtev,.R..2009,.Astronomy.&.Astrophysics,.in.preparation.

A low progenitor mass for the magnetar SGR1900+14

... .Davies,.Ben,.Figer,.Don.F.,.Kudritzki,.Rolf-Peter,.Tromb-ley,.Christine.2009,.Astrophysical.Journal,.submitted.

HST/NICMOS observations of the GLIMPSE9 stellar cluster

. .Messineo,.M.,.Figer,.Donald.F.,.Davies,.B.,.Kudritzki,.R..P.,.Rich,.R..Michael,.MacKenty,.J.,.&.Trombley,.C..2009,.Astrophysical.Journal,.submitted.

The stellar population of the star forming region G61.48+0.09

. .Martin-Franch,.A.,.Herrero,.A.,.Lenorzer,.A.,.Najarro,.F.,.Ramirez,.S.,.Font-Ribera1,.A.,.&.Figer,.D..2009,.As-tronomy.&.Astrophysics,.502,.559.

A Near-Infrared Study of the Stellar Cluster: [DBS2003] 45

. .Zhu,.Q.,.Davies,.B.,.Figer,.D..F.,.Trombley,.C..2009,..ApJ,.702,.929.

A Third Red Supergiant Rich Cluster in the Scutum-Crux Arm

. Clark,.J..S..et.al.,.Astronomy.&.Astrophysics,.498,.109.

Chemical abundance patterns in the inner Galaxy: the Scutum Red Supergiant Clusters

. .Davies,.B.,.Origlia,.L.,.Kudritzki,.R..P.,.Figer,.D..F.,.Rich,.R..M.,.Najarro,.F.,.Negueruela,.I.,.Clark,.J..S..2009,..ApJ,.696,.2014.

Near-infrared spectra of Galactic stellar clusters de-tected on Spitzer/GLIMPSE images

. .Messineo,.M.,.Davies,.B.,.Ivanov,.V..D.,.Figer,.D..F.,.Schuller,.F.,.Habing,.H..J.,.Menten,.K..M.,.&..Petr-Gotzens,.M..G..2009,.ApJ,.697,.701

46

Publications (continued)

The Chemical Abundances in the Galactic Centre from the Atmospheres of Red Supergiants

. .Davies,.B.,.Origlia,.L.,.Kudritzki,.R..P.,.Figer,.D..F.,.Rich,.R..M..&.Najarro,.F..2008,.ApJ,.694,.46.

Discovery Of A Globular Cluster In The Galactic Disk.

. Figer,.D..F..et.al..2009,.,.Astrophysical.Journal,.in.prepa-ration.

A Proposed Student Built and Operated Satellite: The Gamma Ray Burst Polarization Observer (PolOSat)

. .Malphrus,.B.K.,.Jernigan,.J.G.,.Bloom,.J.S.,.Boggs,.S.,.Butler,.N.R.,.Cominsky,.L.R.,.Doering,.T.J.,.Doty,.J.P.,.Erb,.D.M.,.Figer,.D.F.,.Hurley,.K.C.,.Kimel,.K.W.,.Lumpp,.J.E.,.Labov,.S..2009,.AAS,.213,.#476.03.

Metallicity in the Galactic Center: The Quintuplet cluster

. .Najarro,.F.,.Figer,.D..F.,.Hillier,.D..J.,.Geballe,.T..R.,.and.Kudritzki,.R..P..2008,.ApJ,.691,.1816

Equipment/facilitiesThe.RIDL.contains.special.facilities.and.equipment.dedi-cated.to.the.proper.handling.and.testing.of.detectors..These.include.a.permanent.class.10,000.clean.room,.ESD.stations,.vacuum.pumping.systems,.1800.ft2.of.laboratory.space,.optical.benches,.flow.tables,.light.sources,.a.monochroma-tor,.a.pulsed.683nm.laser,.thermal.control.systems,.cryogenic.motion.control.systems,.power.supplies,.general.lab.electron-ics,.mutiple.data.reduction.PCs.with.four.processors.at.4GB.memory.each,.and.12.TB.of.data.storage.

The.RIDL.detector.hardware.systems.consist.of.two.large.dewars..They.each.use.a.CTI.Model.1050.cryo-cooler.to..provide.two.cooling.stages,.at.~10.K.(7.W),.and.at.~60.K.(70.W)..We.use.a.Lakeshore.Model.340.temperature.controller.to.sense.temperatures.at.10.locations.and.control.a.heater.in.the.detector.thermal.path..We.are.able.to.control.the.detector.thermal.block.to.400.μK.RMS.over.timescales.greater.than.24.hours..The.RIDL.detector.electronics.include.field.program-mable.gate.array.(FPGA).development.systems,.including.the.Altera.DE3.Stratix-III,.Altera.Cyclone-III,.Altera.Spartan-III,.Xilinx.Vertex-4,.and.Xilinx.Vertex-5..Each.FPGA.system.controls.the.detector.either.through.a.Cameralink.or.USB.interface..The.RIDL.also.has.an.Astronomical.Research.Cameras.control-ler,.with.32.digitizing.channels.with.1.MHz.and.16-bit.readout.capability,.and.two.Teledyne.SIDECAR.ASICs,.each.with.36.channels.and.speed.up.to.5.Mz.at.12-bits.and.500.kHz.at.16-bits..

Detector Development in RIDLA.Very.Low.Noise.CMOS.Detector.Design.for.NASA

Figer,.Ninkov,.Ignjatovic.(U.of.R)

NASA

The.purpose.of.this.project.is.to.design,.fabricate,.develop,.and.test.a.novel.new.detector.for.NASA.space.missions..These.missions.rely.on.low.noise.array.detectors.that.must.operate.in.the.harsh.radiation.environment.of.space..Most.current.missions.use.CCDs.for.their.optical.detectors..While.these.devices.have.low.noise.(a.few.electrons).at.the.begin-ning.of.mission.life,.they.are.gradually.degraded.by.radiation.damage..The.design.we.propose.will.address.this,.and.several.

other.problems..

Our.device.will.deliver.lower.noise,.lower.power.consumption,.much.larger.dynamic.range,.and.greater.radiation.immunity.than.presently.available.CCD.and.CMOS.detectors..In.addi-tion,.it.will.allow.much.greater.operational.flexibility..All.of.these.benefits.will.lead.to.lower.mission.cost.and.greater.scientific.productivity..Our.design.efforts.will.produce.a.new.multiplexer.having.application.over.a.large.wavelength.range,.spanning.from.UV.to.mid-infrared,.via.hybridization.to.a.variety.of.light-sensitive.materials,.i.e..silicon,.HgCdTe,.InSb,.InGaAs,.Si:As,.and.Ge:As..The.new.device.will.also.have.applications.for.Homeland.Safety,.i.e..in.surveillance.in.low.light.conditions.on.our.nation’s.borders.and.in.battlefield.platforms.on.UAVs.

47

Radiation-Tolerant Detector for NASA Planetary Missions

Figer, Ninkov, Ignjatovic (U of R)

NASAThe.purpose.of.this.project.is.to.design,.fabricate,.develop,.and.test.a.novel.detector.that.will.revolutionize.future.NASA.planetary.space.missions.in.the.area.of.radiation.tolerance,.low.noise,.low.power,.and.low.mass..These.missions.rely.on.low.noise.array.detectors.that.must.operate.in.the.harsh.radiation.environment.of.space..Most.current.missions.use.CCDs.for.their.optical.detectors..While.these.devices.have.low.noise.(a.few.electrons).at.the.beginning.of.mission.life,.they.are.gradually.degraded.by.radiation.damage..Our.device.will.deliver.lower.noise,.lower.power.consumption,.much.larger.dynamic.range,.greater.short.wavelength.sensitivity,.and.greater.radiation.immunity.than.presently.available.CCD.and.CMOS.detectors..In.addition,.it.will.allow.much.greater.operational.flexibility..All.of.these.benefits.will.lead.to.lower.mission.cost.and.greater.scientific.productivity..Our.design.efforts.will.enable.a.broad.range.of.applications,.including.demanding.hyper-spectral.imaging.in.the.most.severe.radiation.environments.in.the.Solar.system..They.will.help.NASA.to.achieve.science.objectives.for.future.planetary.missions.now.being.considered.by.the.Discovery,.Mars.Exploration,.and.New.Frontiers.programs.

Our.design.uses.low.power.CMOS.circuits.that.are.arranged.in.high.density.packaging.within.individual.pixels..The.low.noise.readout.is.achieved.by.sampling.the.signal.using.a.sigma-delta.analog-to-digital.(A/D).circuit.with.a.feedback.path.that.restores.charge.to.the.charge.collection.node..The.keys.to.its.performance.are.the.close.proximity.of.the.conversion.circuit.to.the.photogenerated.charge,.oversampling.nature,.and.noise-shaping.property.of.the.in-pixel.sigma-delta.A/D.converter..These.properties.allow.our.design.to.highly.attenuate.the.photodetector.reset.noise,.DC.offset.related.fixed-pattern.noise,.and.readout.transistor.thermal.and.1/f.noise..Since.the.design.is.

insensitive.to.threshold.voltage.variations.of.the.readout.transistor,.we.believe.that.our.design.will.be.less.susceptible.to.radiation.transients.and.long-term.damage.that.can.cause.shifts.in.the.readout.transistor.performance.parameters.

Research and Development related to the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) camera

Figer

DOE/Stanford Linear Accelerator CenterThis.work.includes.evaluating.the.Large.Synoptic.Survey.Telescope.(LSST).guider.prototypes.in.the.Rochester.Imaging.Detector.Labora-tory.during.FY08..RIT's.role.in.the.camera.effort.will.be.to.develop,.in.partnership.with.SLAC.and.partner.organizations,.the.guider.sensor.needed.to.complete.the.R&D.phase.of.LSST..Pending.availability.of.prototypes.to.evaluate,.it.is.anticipated.that.at.least.one.Teledyne.H4RG.or.H2RG.plus.a.SIDECAR.ASIC.will.be.evaluated..A.final.test.report.will.be.the.deliverable..The.test.report.will.include.performance.measurements.for.parameters.that.are.relevant.to.the.LSST.Guider.application,.including:.dark.current,.read.noise,.quantum.efficiency,.inter-pixel.capacitance,.well.depth,.and.linearity..These.measure-ments.will.be.reported.for.full-frame.readout,.as.well.as.window.mode.readout..In.addition.the.measurements.will.be.reported.over.a.range.of.operating.conditions,.i.e..flux.levels,.wavelengths,.tempera-ture,.and.readout.speed.

Release Date: May 29, 2009


RIT Scientist Developing the Next Generation of Imaging Detectors

Donald Figer leads effort to build detector for the Thirty Meter Telescope

A.team.of.scientists.at.Rochester.Institute.of.Technology.is.designing.and.developing.an.imaging.detector.that.will.read.individual.beams.of.light,.greatly.enhancing.imaging.quality.and.application.

The.centerpiece.of.this.work.is.the.design.of.a.quantum.limited,.zero-noise.detector.for.the.future.Thirty.Meter.Telescope..Expected.to.be.operational.in.the.next.decade,.the.telescope’s.light-collecting.power.will.be.10.times.that.of.the.largest.telescopes.now.in.operation.

The.detector’s.new.sensing.technology.promises.to.penetrate.the.darkness.of.space.with.the.greatest.sensitivity.ever..It.could.also.

have.applications.on.Earth.improving.everything.from.cell.phone.cameras.to.securing.communications.and.surveillance.systems.

“You.could.effectively.quadruple.the.collecting.power.of.a.telescope.just.by.using.this.detector,”.says.Donald.Figer,.director.of.the.Roch-ester.Imaging.Detector.Laboratory.at.RIT’s.Chester.F..Carlson.Center.for.Imaging.Science.and.leader.of.the.research.team..“Or.you.can.do.the.same.thing.by.making.a.telescope.twice.the.size,.but.then.we’re.talking.a.cost.of.billions.of.dollars.and.taking.on.a.monumental.engineering.challenge.”

Imaging.sensors.produce.their.own.“noisy”.signal.that.often.de-grades.images,.especially.under.low-light.conditions..The.noise.can.sometimes.be.seen.as.the.grainy,.salt-and-pepper.speckling.found.in.pictures.snapped.in.a.dark.room..In.applications.like.astrophysics,.that.noise.can.do.more.than.ruin.a.picture;.it.can.mean.the.differ-ence.between.making.a.discovery.or.not.

Designing.a.quantum-limited.detector.using.a.digital.photon.counter.to.detect.every.single.photon,.or.unit.of.light,.coming.from.a.target.can.circumvent.the.problem..According.to.Figer,.the.zero-noise.de-tector.employed.with.the.Thirty.Meter.Telescope.will.have.the.same.sensitivity.as.a.combination.of.today’s.detectors.and.a.60-meter.telescope.for.probing.the.farthest.reaches.of.the.universe.

Figer’s.team,.which.includes.scientists.from.Massachusetts.Institute.of.Technology’s.Lincoln.Laboratory,.is.currently.testing.the.new.detector.at.cryogenic.temperatures.in.the.Rochester.Imaging.Detector.Labora-tory..Cooling.the.device.to.lower.temperatures.will.freeze.its.dark.cur-rent,.another.potential.source.of.noise,.and.keep.it.stuck.in.the.crystal.lattice.like.flies.on.flypaper.and.away.from.the.conduction.band.

In.the.second.phase.of.the.project,.Figer’s.team.will.adapt.the.detec-tor.technology.to.infrared.applications,.replacing.silicon,.a.material.sensitive.only.in.optical.light,.with.the.semiconductor.material.Indium.Gallium.Arsenide..The.infrared.version.of.the.detector.will.give.astro-physicists.the.ability.to.peer.through.cosmic.dust.and.also.to.detect.stars.in.the.early.universe.

“If.you.want.to.look.back.into.the.early.universe,.you.have.to.look.back.into.the.infrared,”.Figer.says.

The.Thirty.Meter.Telescope.is.a.joint.collaboration.of.California.Insti-tute.of.Technology,.the.University.of.California.and.the.Association.of.Canadian.Universities.for.Research.in.Astronomy..The.RIT.portion.of.the.project.is.being.funded.through.a.grant.from.the.Gordon.and.Betty.Moore.Foundation.

A.broader.description.of.Figer’s.research.is.presented.in.the.2009.Spring/Summer.issue.of.Research.at.RIT..To.view.the.issue,.visit.http://www.rit.edu/research.


RIT Multidisciplinary Senior Design (MSD) Program members. A program developed by the Kate Gleason College of Engineering (KGCOE) to offer multidisciplinary capstone projects which challenge engineering students from a variety of

technical disciplines to work together as teams to accomplish a complex, practical project.

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49

Print Research and Imaging System Modelling Lab

June 1, 2008—May 31, 2009

Laboratory Director’s Comments: By Dr. Marcos Esterman

Overview

The.PRISM.Lab.continues.to.focus.on.three.key.areas;.Print.Image.Quality,.Printing.Technology.Characteriza-tion.and.Development,.and.Sustainability.in.Printing..In.November.of.2008,.PRISM.hosted.its.second.research.round-table.which.included.participation.from.Eastman.Kodak,.Hewlett-Packard,.Ricoh.and.Xerox..The.focus.of.the.meeting.was.to.discuss.challenges.of.incorporating.sustainability.into.business,.and.in.particular,.technol-ogy.decision-making..In.recognition.of.the.importance.of.sustainable.printing.as.its.own.research.area,.the.Sustain-able.Print.Systems.Laboratory.(SPSL).was.founded.in.2008.by.Marcos.Esterman.and.Sandra.Rothenberg.(from.the.Saunders.College.of.Business)..The.obvious.close.link.with.PRISM.and.the.SPSL.will.remain..Additional,.infrastructure.has.been.added.to.characterize.and.better.understand.Electrophotographic.process.physics.through.the.gener-ous.donation.of.a.linear.test-bed.by.Eastman.Kodak..This.test-bed.has.already.been.a.vehicle.for.fostering.industry.collaboration.between.local.print.manufacturers.and.will.form.the.center-piece.for.further.research.of.interest.to.the.industry.as.a.whole..With.this.added.infrastructure.coupled.with.previously.developed.infrastructure,.PRISM.is.position-ing.itself.to.be.a.valuable.resource.for.developing.new.em-pirical.and.analytical.knowledge.and.enabling.more.sustain-able.printing..PRISM.continues.to.use.sponsored.research.projects.to.support.student.projects..These.have.included.both.individual.thesis.projects.and.multi-disciplinary.team.projects.through.the.Kate.Gleason.College.of.Engineering..

Faculty and staff: .

Dr. Marcos Esterman, Laboratory.Director,.CIS.Graduate.Program.Faculty,.and.Associate.Prof,.KGCOE.(Industrial.&..Systems.Engineering),[email protected].

Marcos'.expertise.is.in.the.modeling.of.engineering.systems,.the.development.of.robust.design.methods,.and.in.product.and.process.development..

Dr. Jonathan Arney,.Professor,.CIS,[email protected]'s.expertise.is.in.physical.and.optical.measurements.of.materials.and.the.mechanistic.analysis.of.printing.processes..

Ms. Susan Farnand,.Staff.Scientist.(CIS),[email protected]'s.expertise.is.in.human.vision,.psychometrics,.color.science,.and.the.application.of.these.sciences.to..product.and.process.development..

Dr. Juan Cockburn,.Associate.Professor,.KGCOE.(Computer.Eng.),[email protected].

Juan's.expertise.is.in.the.modeling.of.control.systems.and.the.design.of.robust,.nonlinear.control.systems.

Dr. Franziska Frey,.Associate.Professor,.McGhee.Professor,.School.of.Print.Media,[email protected]..

Franziska.is.a.member.of.the.Center's.Graduate.Pro-gram.Faculty..Her.expertise.is.in.the.digitization.of.cultural.heritage.materials,.digital.fine.art.printing,.and.digital.asset.management..

Dr. Sandra Rothenberg,.Associate.Professor,.Saunders.College.of.Business,[email protected]..

Sandra.is.an.Associate.Professor.at.Rochester.Institute.of.Technology’s.Philip.E..Saunders.College.of.Business.in.the.Department.of.Management..Her.research.primarily.focuses.on.corporate.environmental.strategy.and.management,.lean.manufacturing.and.environmental.performance,.government.regulation.and.technical.innovation,.international.environmental.management,.worker.participation,.and.environmental.activ-ism.within.firms..

Summary of Current Research Interests: . •. Electrophotographic.process.physics

. •..Enabling.sustainable.printing.practices.through.the.characterization.and.development.of.the.needed.technologies

. •.Mechanisms.of.fusing.in.dry.toner.electrophotography

. •..Optical.and.physical.interactions.of.toners.and.inks.with.papers

. •..Development.of.analytical.protocols.for.assessment.of.print.image.quality.

. •..Application.of.uncertainty.modeling.and.robust.control.theory.to.printing.systems

. •. .Evaluating.the.image.quality.gap.between.digital.print-ing.and.conventional.printing.technologies.

Summary of Service in Imaging and Printing: Members.of.PRISM.have.served.active.roles.in.Imaging.and.Printing.through.service.on.committees.and.support.of.professional.conferences..In.particular,.Susan.Farnand.has.participated.with.the.WG04.committee.on.Print.Image.Quality.under.the.auspices.of.SC.28.Office.Equipment.committee.of.ISO,.designing.psychophysical.test.procedures.to.be.used.in.international.experimentation.leading.to.new.and.updated.standards.on.image.quality.assessment..Susan.also.served.as.co-editor.for.a.special.issue.of.the.Journal.of.Electronic.Imaging.on.image.quality,.as.well.as.continuing.to.co-chair.the.Image.Quality.Systems.Performance.conference.at.the.Electronic.Imaging.Symposium.in.San.Jose,.CA.and.chairing.the.Print.and.Image.Quality.session.at.the.NIP25.conference.on.Digital.Printing.Technologies..Marcos.Esterman.was.the.conference.chair.for.the.2009.ASME.International.Design.Engineering.and.Technical.Conferences.Design.for.Manufac-turability.and.Life-Cycle.Conference.(DFMLC).and.will.be.the.DFMLC.secretary.for.the.2009–2010.academic.year..

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation Topics:PRISM's.contribution.to.academic.degree.programs.has.been.focused.on.increasing.student.opportunities.in.print.imaging.technology..Toward.this.end.we.have.supported.thesis.proj-ects.for.several.graduate.students.as.described.below..

Mr. Fermin Colon-Lopez:.Ph.D..Project.Title."A.model.of.electrophotographic.printing.that.is.independent.of.the.halftone.algorithm"..Mr..Colon-Lopez.has.been.a.part.time.graduate.student.in.CIS.for.many.years,.earned.a.MS.in.Imag-ing.Science,.and.is.expected.to.complete.his.dissertation.by.the.end.of.the.current.academic.year..

Mr. Carl Smith:.M.S..Project.Title."The.Analysis.of.Specular.Reflections.from.Printed.Surfaces"..Mr..Smith.is.a.graduate.student.in.CIS.and.is.working.with.PRISM.on.the.develop-ment.of.instrumentation.and.analytical.protocols.for.the.optical.characterization.of.printed.images..

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Mr. Alvaro Rojas:.M.S..Project.Title."A.Selection.Framework.for.Derivative.Product.in.Changing.Platforms."..Mr..Rojas.completed.his.MS.Thesis.in.the.Industrial.and.Systems.Engineering.in.the.summer.of.2008..While.his.thesis.work.is.not.directly.related.to.PRISM,.Mr..Rojas.had.been.the.lead.research.assistant.on.development.of.the.fuser.test-beds..He.has.taken.the.feasibility.prototypes.developed.by.the.Multidisciplinary.Design.program.and.made.them.working.lab.instruments.

Mr. Jared Russell:.M.S..Project.Title."An.Optimization.Ap-proach.to.Plant-Controller.Co-Design."..Mr..Russell.gradu-ated.with.a.dual.degree.BS/MS.in.Computer.Engineering.in.the.summer.of.2009..His.work.with.PRISM.developed.the.control.systems.for.both.fuser-test.beds,.and.was.the.basis.of.his.thesis.work..

Ms. Alicia Tejada Abreu:.M.S..Project.Title:.“Explaining.Print.Media.Paper.Consumption.Patterns.through.a.Sys-tem.Dynamics.Approach”..Ms..Tejada.Abreu.is.a.first.year.PhD.student.in.Golisano.Institute.for.Sustainability.and.a.researcher.in.the.PRIM.lab..He.long-term.research.focus.is.on.the.role.that.technology.can.play.to.enable.reduced.media.consumption.in.the.print.industry..Her.MS.thesis.is.expected.to.be.complete.in.the.Fall.2009,.where.she.is.modeling.historical.media.consumption.patterns.so.that.we.can.understand.the.relevant.dynamics.that.have.led.to.some.counter-intuitive.behavior.(e.g..why.is.the.paperless.office.an.elusive.goal)..

Ms. Suparna Kishore Kalghatgi:.M.S..Project.Title:.TBD..Ms..Kalghatgi.is.a.second.year.graduate.student.in.Industrial.and.Systems.Engineering.and.will.be.working.with.PRISM.to.support.the.Sherwin/Williams.project..The.goal.of.this.proj-ect.is.to.provide.Sherwin/Williams.with.quantitative.informa-tion.about.the.material.parameters.that.must.be.controlled.to.minimize.the."touch-up".effect.in.painted.surfaces,.to.pro-vide.guidance.on.how.to.measure.those.parameters.physi-cally,.and.to.use.psychophysical.experimental.techniques.to.generate.models.for.predicting.changes.in.appearance...

Ms. Angelica Li:.M.S..Project.Title:.Implementing.Sustain-ability.in.Commercial.Lithographic.Printing.Operations.-.A.Workflows.Approach.to.Identifying.Sustainable.Actions”..Ms..Li.is.a.graduate.student.in.School.of.Print.Media..This.work.is.supervised.by.Franziska.Frey.and.Marcos.Esterman..This.work.will.contribute.better.understanding.of.the.impact.that.workflow.decisions.have.on.the.sustainability.of.printing..

Masters.in.Product.Development:.Marcos.Esterman.is.on.the.teaching.faculty.of.the.Masters.in.Product.Development.Program..One.of.his.roles.is.to.supervise.the.capstone.thesis.of.a.project.team.of.2-3.students..In.the.past.two.years,.the.projects.have.been.focused.on.gaining.increased.understanding.of.the.role.that.R&D.plays.in.the.development.of.sustainable.technologies...In.particular,.the.topics.of.these.capstones.have.been:.“The.Challenges.in.Incorporating.Sustainability.into.Product.Development”.and.“Enabling.By-Product.Exchanges.through.Product.Development”.

Undergraduate Projects:PRISM.also.has.a.commitment.to.provide.research.opportu-nities.to.undergraduates.at.RIT...

Mr. Allan Liburd:.Project.Title:."Improvement.of.Java.Code.for.the.microgoniophotometer"..This.work.was.performed.as.a.summer.project.in.2009..Previous.work.in.PRISM.has.shown.that.a.more.thorough.analysis.of.gloss.can.be.ac-complished.with.little.additional.effort.using.the.RIT.microgo-niophotometer.as.compared.to.a.traditional.gloss.meter..In.order.to.improve.the.usability.of.this.device,.a.Java.program.was.previously.developed.to.control.and.analyze.the.result-ing.images..The.focus.of.this.project.was.to.debug.and.improve.the.existing.code.

Senior Undergraduate Engineering Design Projects:

A.particularly.successful.way.in.which.the.PRISM.lab.has.contributed.to.RIT.academic.opportunity.has.been.through.the.sponsorship.of.projects.in.the.RIT.Multidisciplinary.Senior.Design.(MSD).Program..This.is.a.program.developed.by.the.Kate.Gleason.College.of.Engineering.to.offer.mul-tidisciplinary.capstone.projects..These.projects.challenge.engineering.students.from.a.variety.of.technical.disciplines.to.work.together.as.a.team.to.accomplish.a.complex,.practi-cal.project..Professor.Esterman.is.a.member.of.the.KGCOE.MSD.teaching.team.and.steering.committee.as.well.as.an.Extended.Faculty.member.in.CIS.and.has.devoted.a.significant.amount.of.time.to.the.development.of.this.unique.educational.opportunity..Over.the.past.year,.the.PRISM.lab.sponsored.one.project.and.was.involved.in.advisory.capac-ity.on.a.second.

. •. .Project.Title:."The.Development.of.an.Electrophoto-graphic.Development.and.Transfer.Station”..This.Se-nior.Design.project.was.sponsored.by.the.PRISM.lab.to.make.an.existing.electrophotographic.development.

and.transfer.station.function.and.to.improve.its.usabil-ity..The.design.team.involved.eight.senior.engineering.students.in.KGCOE.including.three.from.mechanical.engineering,.three.from.electrical.engineering,.one.from.computer.engineering.and.one.from.industrial.and.systems.engineering.

Funded Research: (totaling $135,000)Funding.(both.monetary.and.equipment.donations).over.the.past.year.has.been.primarily.from.Hewlett-Packard,.Xerox,.Eastman.Kodak,.Sherwin/Williams,.and.the.Print.Industry.Center..Specific.projects.are.shown.below

Evaluating the Value of Print on Screen versus on Paper Using Eye-Tracking—Susan.Farnand,.PI..The.objective.of.this.print.versus.display.project.is.to.develop.a.methodology.for.and.to.conduct.initial.experimentation.examining.the.differ-ences.in.the.efficacy.of.magazine.advertising.on.screen.relative.to.the.printed.page,.with.particular.attention.to.the.advantages.and.disadvantages.of.print..Longer.term,.it.is.intended.that.the.experimental.methodology.will.be.used.to.explore.possible.dif-ferences.in.efficacy.of.print.on.paper.versus.display.and.which.characteristics.of.these.media.are.particularly.relevant.when.comparing.the.consumption.of.information.on.paper.versus.on.screen..Development.of.this.methodology.will.involve.an.as-sessment.of.evaluation.criteria.including.information.retention,.distribution.of.visual.gaze.as.measured.by.eyetrackers,.time.needed.and.eye.movements.that.occur.when.detecting.image.differences,.and.visual.comfort..The.initial.phase.of.the.project.will.involve.using.eyetrackers.to.monitor.eye.movements.when.looking.at.a.photo.booklet.either.on.screen.or.in.print..Areas.of.the.images.fixated.for.each.media.will.be.recorded.and.com-pared..Information.retention.will.be.assessed.by.having.partici-pants.answer.questions.about.the.images.that.were.viewed..The.time.spent.with.each.medium.will.also.be.recorded..

Measurement, Modeling and Perception of Painted Sur-faces—Jim.Ferwerda.PI,.Jon.Arney.Co-PI,.Susan.Farnand,.Co-PI..The.project.will.apply.RIT's.unique.capabilities.in.(1).measurement.of.optical.surface.properties,.(2).modeling.and.simulation.of.surface.appearance.based.on.physical.mea-surements.(3).psychometric.analysis.and.prediction.of.ap-pearance..Using.samples.provided.by.Sherwin-Williams,.we.will.use.our.unique.microgoniophotometer.to.capture.spatially.resolved.BRDF.data.inside,.outside.and.at.the.edges.of.the.touch.up.region..These.data.will.be.represented.as.calibrated.reflectance.images.taken.under.controlled.lighting.conditions..

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We.will.then.analyze.these.images.using.multiscale.image.processing.methods.to.determine.if.and.how.the.regions.differ.in.texture.at.different.spatial.frequencies..This.analysis.will.give.us.the.data.we.need.to.understand.what.particular.surface.properties.are.contributing.to.the.measured.(by.the.glossme-ter).and.visual.gloss.differences..We.anticipate.that.different.formulations.and.application.methods.will.lead.to.significant.differences.in.the.spatial.frequency.statistics.that.may.be.important.with.respect.to.the.measured.and.observed.gloss.differences.

Design and Initial Approach for a Print Energy Life-cycle Decision Tool—Marcos.Esterman.Co-PI,.Sandra.Rothenberg.Co-PI,.Scott.Hawker,.Co-PI..Information.technol-ogy.holds.tremendous.potential.to.help.consumers.and.firms.make.more.sustainable.choices.by.providing.information.at.key.decision.points..As.one.example,.there.are.a.number.of.software.programs.that.help.calculate.and.summarize.environmental.metrics.for.various.products.and.processes..Surprisingly,.while.many.printers.are.moving.into.the.IT.arena,.the.technology.has.not.been.fully.utilized..For.the.most.part,.there.is.a.lack.of.knowledge.on.the.part.of.the.consumer.on.the.sustainability.impacts.of.their.communication.decisions..Thus,.this.work.outlines.a.prototype.decision.tool.which.could.be.used.to.estimate.the.energy.consumption.of.printing.a.given.document,.by.analyzing.the.user’s.requirements.for.the.print.job,.the.printer.selected.and.the.corresponding.life-cycle.criteria.for.these.elements..

A Survey into Sustainability Metrics and Methods—.Marcos.Esterman.Co-PI,.Sandra.Rothenberg,.Co-PI..The.goal.of.this.research.it.to.perform.a.survey.into.metrics.and.methods.employed.by.the.printing.industry.to.measure,.track.and.integrate.sustainability.into.their.business.practices..In.addition,.it.is.also.recognized.by.the.PI’s.that.a.great.deal.of.work.has.been.conducted.in.this.area.by.the.print.industry,.but.that.a.proper.inventory.of.the.current.state.of.the.art.is.lacking..Therefore,.the.focus.of.this.work.is.to.define.the.re-search.roadmap.that.will.be.required.to.develop.this.inventory.and.execute.the.first.phase.of.that.inventory..In.addition.to.the.inherent.value.of.just.the.described.service,.this.work.would.serve.as.the.foundation.for.the.future.development.of.a.print-ing.value.chain.test-bed.envisioned.by.the.PI’s.

Implementation of an Electrophotographic Linear Test-Bed—Marcos.Esterman.Co-PI,.Jonathan.Arney.Co-PI,.Susan.Farnand.Co-PI..The.proposed.project.will.leverage.resources.from.Eastman.Kodak.and.Xerox.to.finish.the.development.of.

an.electrophotographic.linear.test-bed..This.test-bed.will.be.the.centerpiece.with.which.to.perform.informative.experiments.that.will.benefit.a.consortium.of.EP-based.printer.manufactur-ers,.to.develop.education.programs.to.train.future.electropho-tographers,.and.to.develop.ideas.for.novel.applications.of.EP...

Benchmarking Art Image Interchange Cycles Image Quality Experimentation—Franziska.Frey,.PI.and.Susan.Farnand..This.project.is.being.conducted.to.evaluate.current.practices.in.fine.art.image.reproduction,.determine.the.image.quality.generally.achievable,.and.establish.a.suggested.frame-work.for.art.image.interchange..Toward.this.end,.experimen-tation.is.being.conducted.in.which.a.set.of.objective.targets.and.pieces.of.artwork.in.various.media.are.being.imaged.by.participating.museums..Print.files.and.guide.prints.will.be.delivered.to.the.Rochester.Institute.of.Technology.where.prints.will.be.made.and.used.as.stimuli.in.psychometric.testing.to.generate.scales.of.image.quality..The.experimental.results.will.be.among.the.inputs.used.to.construct.a.conceptual.frame-work.of.the.various.types.of.imaging.taking.place.in.cultural.institutions.at.present..Based.on.this.framework,.an.image.processing.tool.that.incorporates.appearance.models.that.are.adequate.for.the.various.working.environments.in.cultural.heritage.institutions.will.be.developed..

Journal Publications:Briceño,.C..M.,.Carrano,.A..L.,.Thorn,.B..K.,.and.Esterman,.M.,.“A.Design.Optimization.Framework.To.Estimate.Environ-mental.Impact.Of.Design.Decisions.In.Consumer.Products”,.Journal.of.Green.Building,.Spring.2009,.Volume.4,.Number.2,.College.Publishing.

Conference Proceedings:S..P..Farnand,.".Minding.the.Gap:.An.Examination.of.the.Image.Quality.Differences.Between.Digital.Print.Technologies.and.Traditional.Offset.Lithography

(Focal)",.IS&T.NIP-24.Louisville,.KY,.2009.

Athalye,.S..A.,.S..K..Govindarajan,.C..A..Lopez,.Marcos.Esterman,.Jr.,.Sandra.Rothenberg.,.“Challenges.in.Incorporat-ing.Sustainability.into.Product.Development:.An.Exploratory.Study”,.Proceedings.of.IDETC.‘09:.ASME.International.Design.Engineering.Technical.Conferences.and.Computers.and.Infor-mation.in.Engineering.Conferences,.August.31-September.3,.2009,.San.Diego,.California,.USA.

S..P..Farnand,.F..Frey,.and.E..Anderson,.“Benchmarking.Art.Image.Interchange.Cycles:.Image.Quality.Experimentation”,.AIC.2009,.Sydney,.Australia,.2009.

C.G..Smith,.J.S..Arney,.S.P..Farnand,.C..MacDonald,.and.B..Stroka,.“Analysis.of.Specular.Reflections.from.Printed.Images.and.the.Characterization.of.Gloss.Bronzing”,.IS&T.NIP-24.Pittsburgh,.PA,.2008.

M..Esterman,.S..Dargan,.B..Thorn,.and.J..Arney,.“Application.of.the.Operating.Window.Concept.to.Improve.Fuser.Reli-ability:.A.Case.Study.on.Failure.Modes.of.Hot.&.Cold.Offset”,.IS&T.NIP-24.Pittsburgh,.PA,.2008.

A..Rojas,.M..Esterman,.A.Measure.of.Impact.for.Platform.Changes,.Proceedings.of.IDETC.‘08:.ASME.International.De-sign.Engineering.Technical.Conferences.and.Computers.and.Information.in.Engineering.Conferences,.August.3-6,.2008,.New.York,.New.York,.USA.

M..Esterman,.Spano,.J.,.Pereda,.D.,.Zimmerman,.R.,.“An.Exploratory.Study.into.Process.Failures.During.The.Voice.of.Customer.Process.In.Product.Development”,.Proceedings.of.IDETC.‘08:.ASME.International.Design.Engineering.Technical.Conferences.and.Computers.and.Information.in.Engineering.Conferences,.August.3-6,.2008,.New.York,.New.York,.USA.

M..Esterman,.J..Knapp,.C..Saunders,.M..Slot,.“Environmental.and.Reliability.Challenges.for.Electrophotographic.and.Ink.Jet.Printing,.Panel.Session”,.IS&T.NIP-24.Pittsburgh,.PA,.2008.

F..A..Colon-Lopez.and.J..S..Arney,.“A.Method.for.Classifying.Halftone.Patterns.Based.on.Pattern.Morphology.(Interactive)”,.IS&T.NIP-24.Pittsburgh,.PA,.2008.

Gigapan panoramic image taken in the Adirondack Mountains.

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Multidisciplinary Vision Research LabThis.was.a.year.of.significant.growth.for.the.Multidisciplinary.Vision.Research.Laboratory.(MVRL),.a.joint.program.of.the.Carlson.Center.for.Imaging.Science.and.the.College.of.Liberal.Arts..Growth.came.this.year.in.the.form.of.new.members.in.the.lab,.major.new.funding,.and.new.instrumentation..The.MVRL.is.also.bidding.farewell.to.lab.alumni.who.have.made.major.contributions.to.the.lab..

Dr..Anne.Haake,.Associate.Professor.of.Information.Technol-ogy.in.the.Golisano.College.of.Computing.and.Information.Sciences,.joined.the.MVRL.this.year..With.a.BA.in.biology.from.Colgate.University,.and.an.MS.and.Ph.D..in.develop-mental.biology.from.the.University.of.South.Carolina,.Dr..Haake’s.expertise.in.bioinformatics.and.human-computer.in-teraction.add.breadth.and.depth.to.the.faculty.mentors.in.the.MVRL..She.came.to.RIT.in.2000.after.serving.as.an.Assistant.Professor.at.the.University.of.Rochester.Medical.Center..Dr..Haake.is.Principal.Investigator.on.a.major.new.project.in.the.MVRL..Funded.by.the.National.Science.Foundation,.“Multi-modal.Interface.for.Retrieval.of.Perceptually.and.Semantically.Similar.Biomedical.Images”.is.a.three-year,.multidisciplinary.research.effort.to.develop.a.human-centered,.content-based.image.retrieval.(CBIR).system.for.biomedical.images..To.gain.access.to.the.domain-specific.knowledge.of.experts.(medi-cal.specialists),.Dr..Haake.will.use.eyetracking.and.language.processing-tools.to.monitor.the.master/apprentice.interaction.as.the.content.experts.examine.images.and.describe.and.ex-plain.their.inspection.and.analysis.of.the.images..The.goal.is.to.develop.an.integrated,.hybrid.image.classification.method.that.makes.use.of.the.spoken.descriptions.and.the.gaze.data..Jeff.Pelz,.Professor.of.Imaging.Science.and.Co-Director.of.the.MVRL,.and.Pengcheng.Shi,.Associate.Professor.of.Computer.Science.and.Director.of.the.Ph.D..Program.in.computing.and.Information.Sciences,.are.Co-Investigators.on.the.$520,000.project..In.addition.to.the.faculty.collaboration,.the.NSF.project.supports.a.multidisciplinary.team.of.Imaging.Science.and.Computer.Science.graduate.students..Sai.Mulpuru,.an.MS.Imaging.Science.student,.is.working.on.the.NSF/CBIR.project,.along.with.Rui.Li,.a.Ph.D..Computing.and.Information.Sciences.student..

In.addition.to.the.graduate.students.working.on.the.CBIR.proj-ect,.the.lab.welcomed.two.other.graduate.students.this.year..Thomas.Kinsman,.a.Ph.D..student.in.Imaging.Science,.is.doing.his.dissertation.research.in.the.area.of.applying.pattern.recognition.techniques.to.the.analysis.of.gaze.data..Funded.by.a.research.grant.to.the.MVRL.from.Procter.&.Gamble,.Thomas’.research.aims.at.replacing.some.of.the.laborious.manual.coding.with.a.semi-automated.system.that.leverages.the.tools.of.pattern.recognition.and.machine.learning..Daniel.Pontillo,.an.MS.student.in.Imaging.Science,.is.working.with.Thomas,.focusing.on.software.development.and.on.semantic.coding.–.the.ability.to.assign.semantically.meaningful.labels.to.individual.scene.elements.based.on.image.content..Daniel’s.current.work.is.funded.by.another.new.NSF.grant.to.the.MVRL.

“An.Active.Vision.Approach.to.Understanding.and.Improv-ing.Visual.Training.in.the.Geosciences”.is.a.new.five-year,.$930,000.project.that.capitalizes.on.the.MVRL’s.develop-ment.of.wearable.eyetrackers.over.the.last.decade..Jeff.Pelz,.PI,.and.Mitchell.Rosen,.Research.Professor.in.RIT’s.Center.for.Student.Innovation,.and.Director.of.RIT’s.iPix-Lab,.are.collaborating.with.Drs..Robert.Jacobs,.PI,.and.John.Tarduno.from.the.University.of.Rochester’s.Brain.and.Cognitive.Science.and.Earth.and.Environmental.Sciences,.respectively..The.University.of.Rochester.was.also.awarded.over.$1M.in.NSF.funds.over.five.years.for.the.collaborative.project..Together,.the.team.of.RIT.and.U.of.R.scientists.will.use.mobile.eyetracking.systems.to.study.the.eye.move-ments.of.expert.and.novice.geologists.over.the.course.of.a.10-day.field.trip.in.California..Starting.near.where.the.San.Andreas.Fault.meets.the.Pacific.Ocean,.the.geologists.will.travel.to.sites.of.geographical.significance,.from.the.snowy.Sierra.Nevada.to.Death.Valley..At.each.location,.10.–.14.of.the.novice.and.expert.geologists.will.have.their.gaze.tracked.concurrently.as.they.view.the.scene.and.interact.with.the.environment,.an.instructor,.and.their.peers..

The.project.is.unique.in.several.respects..The.MVRL.team.will.concurrently.monitor.the.gaze.of.up.to.14.observers.at.each.of.the.sites..Using.new.instrumentation.and.software.developed.by.Positive.Science,.LLC,.this.is.the.first.time.that.any.group.has.attempted.to.track.a.large.number.of.observ-ers.involved.in.an.active,.outdoor.task..Figure.1.shows.two.frames.from.the.eyetracker.video;.the.red.crosshairs.indicate.

the.observer’s.gaze..The.video.records.are.from.a.‘dry.run’.the.team.did.this.Fall.in.preparation.for.the.first.field.trip.in.March,.2010..The.gaze.of.four.observers.was.tracked.on.a.two-day.excursion.in.the.Adirondacks..The.left.panel.of.Figure.1.shows.the.gaze.of.one.observer.as.she.looks.at.one.of.the.other.students,.also.wearing.a.Positive.Science.eyetracker,.at.the.summit.of.Whiteface.Mountain..The.right.panel.shows.the.observer’s.gaze.as.she.examines.an.outcropping.

Figure 1 Frames from eyetracking video; red crosshairs indicate observer’s gaze

54

Another.unique.aspect.of.the.project.is.the.manner.in.which.the.RIT.team.will.capture.the.entire.event.and.environment..Mitchell.Rosen,.along.with.Brandon.May,.Imaging.Science.Ph.D..candidate,.are.using.a.number.of.specialized.imaging.systems.to.capture.the.events.in.360°.panoramic.detail.for.fu-ture.analysis,.and.the.environments.at.extremely.high.resolu-tion.for.both.analysis.and.re-use..Figure.2.shows.a.frame.from.an.HD.video.stream,.captured.with.a.hyperbolic.mirror.optic..When.positioned.in.front.of.the.lens.and.aligned.vertically,.the.system.captures.a.360°.view.of.the.scene...Figure.3.shows.the.same.frame,.digitally.‘unwrapped’.to.remove.the.non-linear.distortions.introduced.by.the.hyperbolic.mirror.

This.360°.video.record,.along.with.wireless.audio.of.the.in-structor,.provides.a.record.of.the.relative.position.of.each.ob-server.and.his/her.movements.throughout.the.trial;.important.information.for.reconstructing.the.interactive.gaze.data..One.goal.of.the.NSF-funded.study.is.to.capture.the.environments.in.sufficient.fidelity.to.allow.experiments.to.be.conducted.in.the.laboratory..In.this.way,.we.hope.to.evaluate.the.efficacy.of.‘virtual.field.trips,’.which.could.dramatically.increase.the.num-ber.of.students.who.could.benefit.from.the.experience.

Figure.4.is.an.image.captured.from.a.point.near.the.image.shown.in.Figure.3..Unlike.that.image,.which.is.limited.by.the.number.of.pixels.available.in.a.single.HD.video.frame.and.the.nonlinear.unwrapping.of.the.hyperbolic.distortion,.Figure.4.is.a.composite.of.dozens.of.ten-megapixel.digital.images..Brandon.May.captured.the.image.with.a.digital.camera.on.a.robotic.“Gigapan”.tripod.head,.then.merged.the.images.into.a.single.digital.image..Unlike.the.HD.video.frame,.MVRL.researchers.can.enlarge.the.Gigapan.image.for.projection.in.Rosen’s.iPixLab,.or.still.farther.for.analysis.

Because.of.the.extreme.resolution.in.the.captured.image,.the.images.can.be.enlarged.dramatically.without.encountering.artifacts.that.would.typically.interfere.with.image.quality..Figure.5.is.a.detail.from.the.Gigapan.panoramic.image,.enlarged.approximately.150.times.(linear.magnification)..The.close-up.view.clearly.shows.the.eyetracking.headgear.worn.by.one.of.the.observers..By.comparison,.had.the.HD.video.image.shown.in.Figure.3.been.magnified.to.the.same.degree,.the.same.region.would.be.represented.by.an.image.measuring.only.6.x.7.pixels;.less.than.0.01%.the.data.available.from.the.Gigapan.image.

One.use.of.the.high-resolution.images.will.be.to.create.“virtual.field.trips.”.Observers’.gaze.behavior.while.viewing.the.virtual.scenes.will.be.compared.to.those.of.novices.and.experts.viewing.the.real.scenes.in.the.field,.and.their.performance.on.tests.will.be.used.to.evaluate.the.efficacy.of.the.virtual.experi-ence..Figure.6.and.Figure.7.show.Brandon.May.evaluating.a.section.of.a.Gigapan.image.on.the.projection.wall.in.RIT’s.Center.for.Student.Innovation.

In.addition.to.the.new.Positive.Science.eyetrackers.and.panoramic.image.capture.hardware,.the.MVRL.has.added.two.new.eyetrack-ing.systems.to.the.lab..Funded.by.Dr..Haake’s.NSF.grant.and.joint.funding.from.CIS,.the.Department.of.Psychology.Department,.and.MVRL.funds,.the.lab.just.acquired.SMI.RED-60.and.RED-250.Remote.Eyetrackers.with.SMI.and.iMotions.software.suites..In.addition.to.the.new.NSF.projects,.the.new.systems.will.be.used.by.Dr..Lindsay.Shenkel.in.her.research.on.clinical.pediatric.popula-tions,.Dr..Kirsten.Condry.in.the.MVRL’s.KIDS.lab,.and.Dr..Andrew.Herbert.for.research.on.symmetry.and.change.blindness..

Figure 5 150X Detail from Gigapan panoramic image

Figure 2 Single frame from 360° panoramic video capture

Figure 3 “Unwrapped” frame from 360° panoramic video capture

Figure 4 Gigapan panoramic image

55

Susan.(Kolakowski).Munn.graduated.this.year.after.defending.her.dissertation,.“3D.Head.Motion,.Point-of-Regard.and.En-coded.Gaze.Fixations.in.Real.Scenes:.Next-Generation.Portable.Video-Based.Monocular.Eye.Tracking.”.Sue.is.continuing.her.work.in.the.field,.having.accepted.a.position.with.Applied.Sci-ence.Laboratories.in.Bedford,.Massachusetts..ASL.is.a.leading.manufacturer.of.eyetracking.systems,.and.Sue.is.going.to.be.leading.their.3D.development.efforts..

MVRL Publications and Conference Presentations 2008-2009.(Student.authors.in.bold)

Beall,.P..M..&.Herbert,.A..M..(2008)..The.face.wins:.Stronger.automatic.processing.of.affect.in.facial.expressions.than.words.in.a.modified.Stroop.task..Cognition and Emotion, 22,.1613-1642.

Carlson, V., & Vigo, A..(2009)...Testing.infants'.and.children's.visual.perception.using.eye.tracking.technology...Poster.presented.at.the.National.McNair.Scholars.Confer-ence,.Niagara.Falls,.NY..

Cattaneo, Z.,.Rosen,.M.,.Vecchi,.T.,.&.Pelz,.JB..(2008).“Monitoring.eye.movements.to.investigate.the.picture..superiority.effect.in.spatial.memory”.Perception,.37(1),.34-49

Condry,.K.,.&.Spelke,.E..S..(2008)...The.development.of.language.and.abstract.concepts:..The.case.of.natural.number..Journal of Experimental Psychology:.General,.137,.22-38.

DeAngelus, M..&.Pelz,.J.B..(2009)..Top-down.control.of.eye.movements:.Yarbus.revisited..Visual Cognition,.(3),.1-22..

Gopal,.S.,.Haake,.A.,.Price.Jones,.R..and.Tymann,.P.,.(2008)..Bioinformatics: A Computing Perspective..McGraw-Hill

Haake.A,.Pelz.J,.Smagner J, Colombo D, Lindsey L,.Papier.A..(2008).“Eye.Tracking.Users.of.a.Visual.Diagnostic.Clinical.Decision.Support.System.to.Discover.Decision-Mak-ing.Strategies.and.to.Inform.User.Interface.Design”.Presented.at.the.American.Medical.Informatics.Association.(AMIA),..November.2008,.Washington,.DC

Herbert,.A..M.,.Stefano, L., Conley, T. L..&.Pelz,.J..B..(2008)..Re-examining the preferential detection of negative stimuli: Better performance for positive faces..Presented.at.the.Optical.Society.of.America.Fall.Vision.Meeting,.October,..2008,.Rochester,.NY.

Li, F, Munn, S..&.Pelz,.JB..(2008).“A.model-based.approach.to.video.eye.tracking”.Journal of Modern Optics,.55(4),.503-531.

Li, F,.Pelz,.JB.,.&.Daly,.S..(2009).“Measuring.hand,.head,.and.vehicle.motions.in.commuting.environments”.Proc. of SPIE-IS&T Electronic Imaging, SPIE Vol. 7240,.

Marschark,.M,.Convertino,.C,.Sapere,.P,.Arndt, ME,.Pelz,.J,.(2008).“Learning.via.Direct.and.Mediated.Instruction.by.Deaf.Students”.Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education.13(4):546-561

Munn, S,.&.Pelz,.JB.(2009).“FixTag:.An.algorithm.for.identify-ing.and.tagging.fixations.to.simplify.the.analysis.of.data.col-lected.by.portable.eye.trackers”.ACM Transactions in Applied Perception,.6(3),.16:1-25

Munn, S,..&.Pelz,.JB.(2008).“3D.Point-of-regard,.position,.and.head.orientation.from.a.portable.monocular.video-based.

eye.tracker”.Proc. of the 2008 ACM SIGCHI Eye Tracking Research & Applications Symposium,.Savannah,.GA

Munn, S., Stefano, L.,.&.Pelz,.J.B.,.(2008).“Fixation.identifi-cation.in.dynamic.scenes:.comparing.an.automated.algorithm.to.manual.coding”.Applied Perception in Graphics and Visual-ization – Proc. of the 5th symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization..33-42

Pelz,.J.B.,.Marschark,.M,.&.Convertino,.C..(2008).“Visual.Gaze.as.a.Marker.of.Deaf.Students'.Attention.During.Medi-ated.Instruction”.in.M..Marschark.&.P.C..Hauser,.(Eds.),.Deaf cognition: Foundations and outcomes..New.York:.Oxford.University.Press..

Pelz,.J..B.,.Purington, J.,.Herbert,.A..M..(2009)..Travel gaze? Re-examining gaze behavior during locomotion..Presented.at.the.9th.Annual.Meeting.of.the.Vision.Sciences.Society,.May,.2009,.Naples,.FL.

Stefano, L..&.Herbert,.A..M..(2008)..Screen versus hard-copy: Reading faster from and LCD Monitor than paper..Presented.at.the.annual.meeting.of.the.Object.Perception,.At-tention.and.Memory.Symposium.at.The.Psychonomic.Society.Meeting,.November,.2008,.Chicago,.IL.

Schenkel,.L..S.,.Marlow-O’Connor,.M.,.Moss,.M.,.Sweeney,..J..A.,.&.Pavuluri,.M..N..(2008)..Theory.of.mind.and.social..inference.in.pediatric.bipolar.disorder..Psychological Medicine,.38,.791-800.

Schenkel,.L..S.,.West,.A..E.,.Harral,.E..M.,.Patel,.N..B.,.&..Pavuluri,.M..N..(2008)...Parent-child.interactions.in.pediatric.bipolar.disorder..Journal of Clinical Psychology,.64,.422-437.

West,.A..E.,.Schenkel,.L..S.,.&.Pavuluri,.M..N.(2008)..Early.childhood.temperament.in.pediatric.bipolar.disorder.and..attention.deficit.hyperactivity.disorder..Journal of Clinical Psychology,.64,.402-421.

Wagner, S. M.,.Schenkel,.L.S.,.Burton,.M..M.,.Towne,.T..L.,.Herbert,.A..M.,.&.Pelz,.J..B..(2009)..Analysis of visual scan-ning using eye tracking during facial emotion recognition tasks in adults with manic and depressive symptoms..Presented.at.the.18th.Annual.Undergraduate.Research.Symposium,.August,.2009,.RIT,.Rochester,.NY.

Yacci.P,.Haake.A,.and.Gaborski..“Feature.Selection.of..Microarray.Data.using.a.Hybrid..Algorithm.and.Artificial.Neural.Network.Approach”.Presented.at.the.Artificial.Neural.Networks.in.Engineering.symposium,.November,.2009,.St..Louis,.MO.

Figure 6 Gigapan image projected for “virtual field trip”

Figure 7 Gigapan image projected for “virtual field trip”

Dr. Maria Helguera, assistant professor of imaging science and director of the Biomedical and Materials Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, is conducting research designed to advance the use of positron emission tomography (PET), X-ray computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here Dr. Helguera and one of her students discuss an image developed by the lab

through registering and fusing separate MR and PET images. This work could eventually enhance several areas of medical imaging, including the detection of cancer.

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57

Biomedical Imaging LaboratoryOverview

To.develop.innovative.ways.to.visualize,.analyze,.and.charac-terize.biological.tissues.and.synthetic.materials.by.means.of.multimodal.medical.imaging.devices.

StaffThe.lab.hosts.two.full.time.faculty,.Drs..María.Helguera.and.Navalgund.Rao,.and.a.post-doc.fellow,.Dr..Karl.G..Baum..The.lab.facilities.are.used.as.well.by.Dr..Benjamín.Varela.from.the.department.of.mechanical.engineering..

Research.in.the.lab.was.conducted.and.supported.by.a.number.of.students:

•. .Gary.Menezes,.High.School.Intern..“Simulation.of.High-Resolution.Magnetic.Resonance.Images.on.the.Blue.Gene/L.Supercomputer.Using.SIMRI”

•. .Harold.Mendoza,.CE,.“Simulation.of.PET.images.Using.the.OpenGate.and.Geant4.Software.Packages”

•. .Natalie.Tacconi,.CIS,.“DICOM.Calibration.of.a.Dual.Layer.High.Dynamic.Range.Display”

•. .Dien.Nguyen,.CIS,.“Development.of.Novel.3D.Optical.Molecular.System.Incorporating.Structured.Illumination.Technology”..Interdisciplinary.Senior.Project.

•. .Aaron.Phipps,.BS.in.Mechanical.Engineering,.“Develop-ment.of.Novel.3D.Optical.Molecular.System.Incorporat-ing.Structured.Illumination.Technology”..Interdisciplinary.Senior.Project.

•. .Patricia.Emord,.BS.in.Mechanical.Engineering,.“Develop-ment.of.Novel.3D.Optical.Molecular.System.Incorporat-ing.Structured.Illumination.Technology”..Interdisciplinary.Senior.Project.

•. .Ben.McGee,.BS.in.Electrical.Engineering,.“Develop-ment.of.Novel.3D.Optical.Molecular.System.Incorporat-ing.Structured.Illumination.Technology”..Interdisciplinary.Senior.Project.

•. .Brandon.Luquette,.BS.in.Electrical.Engineering,.“Devel-opment.of.Novel.3D.Optical.Molecular.System.Incorpo-rating.Structured.Illumination.Technology”..Interdisciplin-ary.Senior.Project.

•. .Joseph.Lawson,.MS.in.Mechanical.Engineering..“On.the.Determination.of.the.Elastic.Properties.of.Geopolymeric.Materials.Using.Non-Destructive.Ultrasonic.Techniques”.

•. .Stephanie.Shubert,.MS.in.Imaging.Science..“Effect.of.Anisotropy.on.the.High-Frequency.Ultrasound.Backscat-ter.of.Simulated.Nerve.Fiber”.

•. .Gary.Ashton,.MS.in.Imaging.Science,.online,.“Segment-ing.Knee.Cartilage.Using.Thresholds.Determined.from.Histogram.Information”

•. .Raymundo.Vázquez-Lugo,.MS.in.Imaging.Science,.online,.“Application.of.Fuzzy.Segmentation.for.Face.Clas-sification”

•. .Di.Lai,.Ph.D.in.Imaging.Science..“Independent.Compo-nent.Analysis.(ICA).Applied.to.Ultrasound.Image.Process-ing.and.Tissue.Characterization”.

•. .Christopher.McDade,.ME.MS.Candidate..“High.fre-quency.ultrasound.c-scan.imaging.system.design.and.fabrication”.

•. .Todd.Fernández,.ME.MS.Candidate..“High.frequency.ultrasound.characterization.of.thin.films”.

Research ProjectsUltrasound Materials Characterization

Geopolymeric.Materials:.This.project.is.conducted.in.collabo-ration.with.Dr..Benjamin.Varela.in.the.Mechanical.Engineer-ing.Department..Current.methods.of.determining.the.elastic.modulus.and.Poisson’s.ratio.for.geopolymeric.materials.are.limited.by.the.destructive.nature.of.compressive.strength.and.bending.testing.analysis.techniques..Since.these.tests.are.not.repeatable,.there.is.no.means.of.evaluating.whether.measured.properties.are.a.result.of.the.actual.materials.or.the.effect.of.possible.mechanical.defects..This.study.applies.a.relationship.between.the.speed.of.sound.through.a.material.and.its.elastic.properties.to.determine.the.elastic.modulus.and.Poisson’s.ratio.of.geopolymeric.samples..In.addition.to.these.elastic.properties,.the.density,.percent.pore.volume,.average.pore.diameter.and.standard.deviation.of.pore.diameter.were.also.evaluated..These.material.characteristics.were.deter-mined.as.a.relationship.to.the.Si:Al.ratio.of.sodium.activated.metakaolin.based.geopolymers.with.Si:Al.ranging.from.1.49.to.6.4..It.was.found.that.lower.Si:Al.values.were.consistently.around.8.5.GPa.in.samples.above.3.1.Si:Al.ratio..The.Pois-son’s.ratio.for.each.sample.decreased.proportionally.to.the.

Si:Al.ratio.with.a.maximum.value.of.0.22.and.a.minimum.value.of.0.05.

.

Figure 1. Poisson’s ratio of each sample plotted as a function of Si:Al ratio.

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Medical ImagingImage Synthesis:.Creating.software.models.of.the.human.anatomy.and.imaging.systems,.and.modeling.the.medical.physics.of.the.imaging.acquisition.process.can.provide.a.means.to.generate.realistic.synthetic.data.sets..In.many.cases.synthetic.data.sets.can.be.used,.reducing.the.time.and.cost.of.collecting.real.images,.and.making.data.sets.available.to.institutions.without.clinical.imaging.systems.

Students.in.the.lab.have.been.investigating.and.implementing.tools.for.creating.these.synthetic.data.sets..Existing.software.packages.such.as.SimSET,.GATE,.and.SIMRI.are.being.lever-aged.and.modified.as.necessary.to.enable.the.generation.of.large.quantities.of.high-resolution.data..Efforts.have.included.grid.implementations,.and.most.recently.a.porting.of.SIMRI.for.the.IBM.Blue.Gene.super.computer.systems..What.resulted.is.perhaps.the.first.tool.for.generating.high-resolution,.three-dimensional.magnetic.resonance.images..

Molecular Imaging:.A.currently.available.2-D.high-resolution,.optical.molecular.imaging.system.was.modified.by.the.addition.of.a.structured.illumination.source,.Optigrid™,.to.investigate.the.feasibility.of.providing.depth.resolution.along.the.optical.axis..The.modification.of.the.system.involved.the.insertion.of.the.Optigrid™.and.a.lens.in.the.path.between.the.light.source.and.the.image.plane,.as.well.as.control.and.signal.processing.software..The.primary.challenge.of.the.design,.which.was.to.project.the.Optigrid™.onto.the.imaging.surface.at.an.angle,.was.resolved.applying.the.Scheimpflug.principle..The.illumination.system.implements.modulation.of.the.light.source.and.provides.a.framework.for.capturing.depth.resolved.mages..

The.system.is.capable.of.in-focus.projection.of.the.Optigrid™.at.different.spatial.frequencies,.and.supports.the.use.of.different.lenses..A.calibration.process.was.developed.for.the.system.to.achieve.consistent.phase.shifts.of.the.Optigrid™..Post-process-ing.extracted.depth.information.using.depth.modulation.analysis.using.a.phantom.block.with.fluorescent.sheets.at.different.depths.

High Dynamic Range Displays:.Liquid.crystal.displays.have.replaced.film.as.the.display.of.choice.in.radiologic.imaging..Light.boxes.have.a.peak.brightness.of.around.4000.cd/m2,.providing.a.3000:1.contrast.ratio.(maximum.brightness.divid-ed.by.black.offset),.well.in.excess.of.what.a.diagnostic.LCD.display.can.achieve..This.provides.them.with.a.diagnostic.ad-vantage.in.some.situations..For.this.reason.it.is.believed.that.a.display.with.an.increased.dynamic.range.and.an.increase.in.the.number.of.perceivably.different.grey.levels.(just.noticeable.differences—.JND).may.provide.diagnostic.benefits.A.dual.layer.HDR.display.with.a.dynamic.range.of.five.orders.of.magnitude.was.investigated..Calibrating.the.display.to.the.DICOM.standard.presents.a.unique.challenge,.as.the.ad-ditional.dynamic.range.and.quantization.levels.are.achieved.by.driving.the.display.with.two.independent.8-bit.graphic.devices..Following.standard.calibration.techniques,.the.system.characteristic.curve.was.first.determined..Since.the.system.luminance.is.multiplicative.in.nature,.two.characteristic.curves,.one.for.the.projector.and.one.for.the.LCD.panel,.were.independently.measured..Multiplying.the.two.curves.provides.a.two-dimensional.characteristic.surface..Given.a.desired.lu-minance,.this.surface.can.be.used.to.identify.the.appropriate.digital.driving.levels.for.both.the.LCD.panel.and.the.projector.in.order.to.match.the.grayscale.standard.display.function.defined.in.the.DICOM.standard..Calibration.was.success.allowing.the.diagnostic.benefit.of.dual.layer.HDR.displays.to.be.further.explored.Figure 3. Plot of run time verse number of nodes used when performing

a 1283 voxel spin-echo simulation on an IBM Blue Gene system. The plot demonstrates the scalability of the code and shows a near linear speedup. Figure 4. CAD model of the conceptual design

Figure 4. Top row: Raw reflectance image of phantom block at 0.8 line pairs/mm. Bottom row: Combined reflectance image.

Figure 2. Five slices from a simulated image acquisition of the Montreal Brain Phantom.

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Ultrasound Image ProcessingICA Based Ultrasound Speckle Texture Analysis:.Higher.order.statistics.may.provide.information.about.the.speckle.texture.beyond.the.information.provided.by.first.and.second.order.statistics.only..However,.the.higher.order.statistics.of.ultrasound.speckle.texture.is.still.not.clearly.understood.and.very.difficult.to.model.analytically..In.this.project,.an.Indepen-dent.Component.Analysis.(ICA).based.multichannel.filtering.texture.analysis.algorithm,.which.considers.both.higher.order.statistics.and.data.adaptation,.was.proposed.and.tested.on.the.numerically.simulated.ultrasound.speckle.textures..Several.representative.conventional.methods.including.both.first.and.second.order.statistics.based.methods,.and.both.the.filtering.and.non-filtering.methods,.have.been.chosen.for.comparison.study..The.numerical.experiments.showed.that.proposed.ICA.based.algorithm.in.most.cases.out-performs.other.algorithms.in.terms.of.classification.accuracy..The.proposed.algorithm.may.potentially.find.clinical.application.in.the.early.detection.of.soft.tissue.disease,.and.also.help.in.better.understanding.of.ultrasound.speckle.phenomenon.from.the.perspective.of.higher.order.statistics...

ICA Based Ultrasound Image Despeckling: This.project.tackled.the.problem.of.reducing.the.speckle.noise.in.the.ultrasound.B-scan.image.while.preserving.the.structure.of.boundaries.and.lesions..Our.contribution.was.two.fold:.(i).We.demonstrated.for.the.first.time.that.ICA.Sparse.Code.Shrinkage.(ICA-SCS).denoising.algorithm.can.be.applied.to.the.ultrasound.B-scan.image.despeckling.problem..ICA_SCS.algorithm.is.successful.when.the.noise.is.additive.White.Gaussian.Noise.(WGN)..It.uses.higher.order.statistics.and.is.also.data.adaptive..However,.the.speckle.noise.found.in.medical.ultrasound.B-scan.image.is.not.strictly.additive.WGN..(ii).Therefore,.as.a.secondary.improvement,.we.have.incor-porated.a.pre-processing.step.that.makes.the.speckle.noise.much.closer.to.real.additive.WGN,.hence.more.amenable.to.denoising.algorithm.such.as.ICA-SCS..The.experimental.results.on.simulated.image.data.show.that.the.proposed.method.outperforms.several.classical.methods,.such.as.Wie-ner.filtering.and.wavelet.shrinkage,.chosen.for.comparison..

Lens based C-scan Photoacoustic Imaging: ultrasound.B-scan.imaging.is.an.established.modality.in.medical.imag-ing..A.two.dimensional.B-scan.image.represents.the.object.

reflectivity.in.a.plane.defined.by.the.beam.axis.and.the.beam.scanning.direction..Focusing.with.improved.resolution.at.fixed.depth.is.achieved.by.attaching.acoustic.lens.to.a.single.element.transducer..Variable.depth.focusing.is.possible.in.most.modern.scanners.through.the.use.of.phased.arrays.that.electronically.focus.the.ultrasound.wave.when.it.is.transmit-ted..The.same.array.also.achieves.focusing.of.the.backscatter.waves.from.different.depths.by.introducing.appropriate.time.delays.to.the.signal.received.by.the.individual.elements.of.the.array..Photoacoustic.(PA).imaging.is.a.new.emerging.modality..It.uses.nanosecond.laser.pulses.to.instantaneously.heat.and.expand.the.object.due.to.its.high.optical.absorption..Conse-quently,.thermoacoustic.transient.ultrasound.waves.are.gener-ated.that.propagate.in.all.directions..These.waves.can.be.detected.as.time.signals.either.by.scanning.a.single.transduc-er.or.an.array.of.transducers..The.imaging.task.is.to.achieve.spatial.mapping.the.received.signals,.or.in.other.words,.we.need.to.determine.the.spatial.location.and.strength.of.the.absorbing.sources..This.is.identical.to.what.phased.arrays.do.in.reception.mode..However,.this.type.of.electronic.focusing.requires.dedicated.hardware.and.software.that.can.be.expen-sive..Furthermore,.the.entire.high.frequency.ultrasound.time.signal.has.to.be.recorded.as.raw.data.that.is.subsequently.used.for.image.reconstruction..Goal.of.this.project.is.to.develop.an.acoustic.lens.based.C-scan.imaging.technology..From.a.fundamental.perspective,.image.reconstruction.tasks.in.both.ultrasound.pulse.echo.and.photoacoustic.imaging.are.identical..Therefore.we.use.an.ultrasound.based.method.to.evaluate.the.system.Line-spread-function.(LSF)..Fig..10(a).and.10(b).show.the.face.of.flat.disk.5.MHz.transducer.and.its.lens.based.C-scan.image.respectively..

Figure 5. Surface map of MSE of phase shifted image of the phantom block.

Figure 6. Characteristic surface of HDR display. Colored lines represent grey values selected for specific calibrations.

Figure 7. Luminance of calibrated display (768 quantization levels, 1200 cd/m2 maximum luminance) and the DICOM standard display function. Close agreement between the two curves shows calibration was successful.

Fig.10(b) C-scan image of object in 10(a)

Fig. 10(a) Transducer face- object

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Professor.Stefi.Baum.continued.her.collaboration.with.the.Mind.Research.Network.in.Albuquerque.New.Mexico,.with.CIS.Affiliate.Faculty.member.Vince.Calhoun.Associate.Profes-sor,.University.of.New.Mexico,.and.Director,.Image.Analysis.and.Magnetic.Resonance.Research,.The.Mind.Research.Network...Their.work.focused.on.application.of.new.image.processing.techniques.and.analysis.algorithms.to.brain.imag-ing.for.diagnosis.of.schizophrenia..Their.first.joint.PhD.student,.Andrew.Michael,.completed.his.PhD.thesis,.titled.“Imaging.Schizophrenia:.Data.Fusion.Approaches.to.Characterize.and.Classify”.in.May.of.2009.and.Andrew.took.up.a.position.as.research.scientist.at.the.Mind.Research.Network...A.new.first.year.PhD.student,.Siddharth.Khullar,.started.on.a.joint.research.project.at.MRN.this.summer.focusing.initially.on.the.application.of.wavelets.to.fMRI.data.in.the.analysis.of.schizo-phrenia...Biweekly.telecons.between.MRN.and.CIS.keep.the.collaboration.and.the.research.running.smoothly.

PublicationsA..Michael,.S..A..Baum,.T..W..White.et.al.,.“Does.Function.Follow.Form”:.Methods.to.Fuse.Structural.and.Functional.Brain.Images.Show.Decreased.Linkage.in.Schizophrenia,”.Neuroimage,.Vol.49,.Issue.3,.1.February.2010,.pages..2626-2637.

A..Michael,.S..A..Baum,.J..F..Fries,.B-C.Ho,.R..K..Pierson,..N..C..Andreasen,.and.V..D..Calhoun,.“A.Method.to.Fuse.fMRI.Tasks.Through.Spatial.Correlations:.Applied.to.Schizophre-nia”..Human.Brian.Mapping.2009,.August.30(9).2512-2529.

Image.below.is.of.the.Mind.Research.Network.in.Albuquerque.New.Mexico

Selected Publications Conference presentations and Proceedings Papers:

1...Walvoord,.D.,.Easton,.R.,.Baum,.K.G.,.Krol,.A.,.Hel-guera,.M..".Localization.of.Fiducial.Skin.Markers.in.MR.Images.using.Correlation.Pattern.Recognition.for.PET/MRI.Nonrigid.Breast.Image.Registration.",.Applied Imag-ery Pattern Recognition,.AIPR,.2008.

2...Baum,.K.,.Helguera,.M.,.Schmidt,.E.,.Rafferty,.K.,.Krol,.A.,."Evaluation.of.Genetic.Algorithm-Generated.Multivari-ate.Color.Tables.for.the.Visualization.of.Multimodal.Medi-cal.Fused.Data.Sets",.2008 IEEE NSS-MIC,.4350-4360,.2008.

3...Canosa,.R.L.,.Baum,.K.G.,.“Modeling.Decision-Making.in.Single-.and.Multi-Modal.Medical.Images”,.SPIE Medi-cal Imaging,.7263,.72630J,.2009.

4...Navalgund.A..Rao,.Di.Lai,.Shweta.Bhatt,.Stephen.C..Arnold,.Bhargava.Chinni.and.Vikram.S..Dogra,."Acoustic.Lens.Characterization.for.Ultrasound.and.Photoacoustic.C-scan.Imaging.Modalities"..Engineering.in.Medicine.and.Biology.Society..EMBS.2008..30th.Annual.International.Conference.of.the.IEEE..pp..2177-2180..

.. .Link:.http://www.ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=4649626

5...Di.Lai,.Navalgund.Rao,.Chung-hui.Kuo,.Shweta.Bhatt.and.Vikram.Dogra,."An.Ultrasound.Image.Despeckling.Method.Using.Independent.Component.Analysis"..2009.6th.IEEE.International.Symposium.on.Biomedical.Imaging:.From.Nano.to.Macro..pp..658-661..Link:http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/searchresult.jsp?queryText=%28di+lai+%3Cin%3E+metadata%29+%3Cand%3E+%285192959+%3Cin%3E+isnumber%29&coll2=ieeecnfs&coll3=ieecnfs&history=yes&reqloc=others&scope=metadata&imageField2.x=0&imageField2.y=0

6...Di.Lai,.Navalgund.Rao,.Chung-Hui.Kuo,.Shweta.Bhatt.and.Vikram.Dogra,."Independent.Component.Analysis.Applied.to.Ultrasound.Speckle.Texture.Analysis.and.Tissue.Characterization"..Engineering.in.Medicine.and.

Biology.Society..EMBS.2007..29th.Annual.International.Conference.of.the.IEEE..pp..6523-6526...

Link:.http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=4353854

Journal articles and book chapters:

1...Baum,.K.G.,.Helguera,M.,.Krol,.A..“Fusion.Viewer:.A.New.Tool.for.Fusion.and.Visualization.of.Multimodal.Medical.Data.Sets”,.Journal of Digital Imaging,.21,.Suppl..1,.59-68,.2008.

2...Helguera,.M..¿Qué.información.podemos.obtener.de.imágenes.médicas?.In.“Imágenes.en.la.Ciencia..Ciencia.en.las.Imágenes.”.Elke.Köppen,.Ed..Col..Debate.y.Reflexión,.Centro.de.Investigaciones.Interdisciplinarias.en.Ciencias.y.Humanidades,.UNAM,.2009.

3...Di.lai,.Navalgund.Rao,.Chung-hui.Kuo,.S..Bhatt.and.V..Dogra,.“Application.of.Independent.Component.Analysis.(ICA).to.Ultrasound.Speckle.Texture.Analysis.and.Tissue.Characterization”,.submitted.to.Medical & Biol. Engg. & Computing.(2009).

Grants and Research FundingNSF.Research.Graduate.Fellowship,."The.Effect.of.Anisot-ropy.of.Ultrasound.Scattering.on.Ultrasound.B-Scan.Nerve.Images,".$45,000,.2007-2009..Robert.Rose,.“Research.Gift,”.2007,.2008.

NSF,.“Upstate.Louis.Stokes.Alliance.for.Minority.Participation,”.$15,000,.2008.

CAT-CEIS,.“Development.of.a.Novel.3D.Optical.Molecular.Imaging.System.Prototype.and.Calibration.Methods,”.in.col-laboration.with.Carestream.Health,.$29,000.

DOE,.“Visualization.of.Fuel.Cell.Water.Transport.&.Perfor-mance.Characterization”,.project.awarded.to.PI.Dr..S..Kand-likar,.Mech..Engg..Dept,.RIT,.Co-I.N..Rao,.1.5M.,.2006-2009.

CEIS.Bioimaging.grant,.“Photoacoustic.Imaging.of.Prostate”,.funded.through.U.of.R,.PI.Dr..Dogra,.Co-PI.Navalgund.Rao.in.collaboration.with.AAIT,.$45,000,.2009.

Magnetic field strength measurements made by high school intern Bethany Connors of Spencerport, NY, to facilitate the placement of an NMR spectrometer in the Carlson Building.

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63

Magnetic Resonance Imaging LaboratoryResearch Group Leader’s CommentsBy Professor Joseph Hornak

OverviewThe.RIT.Magnetic.Resonance.Laboratory.is.a.research.and.development.laboratory.devoted.to.solving.real.world.prob-lems.with.magnetic.resonance..This.year.we.continued.our.focus.on.three.research.topics:.volume.resolution.phan-toms.for.magnetic.resonance.imaging.(MRI),.near-surface.MRI,.and.the.interaction.of.the.MRI.contrast.agents.with.transition.metal.ions..On.the.phantom.front,.we.completed.development.of.a.three-dimensional.phantom.for.determin-ing.the.point.spread.function.and.linearity.of.an.MRI.system.anywhere.in.a.10×10×10.cm.volume.without.the.need.to.reposition.the.phantom..This.work.was.presented.at.the.10th.Upstate.NY.Nuclear.Magnetic.Resonance.(NMR).Symposium..

We.finished.a.study.of.the.NMR.spin-lattice.relaxation.rate.(R1).of.hydrated.natural.sands.finding.the.relationship.between.R1.and.sand.grain.diameter,.paramagnetic.metal.content.in.the.sand.grains,.and.magnetic.field.strength..This.research.has.evolved.to.a.study.of.the.influence.of.weathering.on.the.sand.grains..This.work.was.presented.at.the.9th.International.Conference.on.Magnetic.Resonance.in.Porous.Media,.the.2008.NY.State.Complex.Matter.Workshop.at.Cornell.University,.and.the.50th.Experimental.NMR.Conference..

Our.study.of.the.MRI.contrast.agent.gadodiamide.with..copper.(II).shows.that.transmetallation.is.occurring.and.gad-olinium.(III).is.released..Work.leading.up.to.this.conclusion.was.presented.at.the.10th.Upstate.NY.NMR.Symposium.

Staff News

Sangyun Moon,.finished.up.his.work.on.a.volume.resolution.phan-tom.for.MRI.and.received.his.MS.in.Imaging.Science.from.RIT..He.is.now.employed.with.Rainbow.Research.Optics.in.Denver.Colorado...

Brittany Lipchick,.received.her.BS.in.Biochemistry.from.RIT.and.is.now.a.PhD.graduate.student.at.the.Ro-swell.Park.Cancer.Institute.Division.of.the.University.at.Buffalo..

Nicole Conway,.a.junior.at.the.Canandaigua.Academy.in.Canan-daigua.NY,.was.a.High.School.Summer.Intern.in.the.lab..She.worked.on.optical.measurements.of.the.complexation.of.copper.(II).with.the.diamide.ligand..

.

Gretchen Smith,.a.junior.at.Naza-reth.Academy.in.Rochester.NY,.was.a.High.School.Summer.Intern.in.the.lab..She.worked.on.optical.mea-surements.of.the.complexation.of.copper.(II).with.the.diamide.ligand..

Rebecca Smith,.a.BS.Chemis-try.student.at.RIT,.joined.the.lab.in.March..She.is.studying.the.inter-action.of.copper.(II).ions.with.the.diamide.ligand..She.received.a.Sum-mer.Research.Fellowship.for.2009.from.the.RIT.College.of.Science.

Hongmei Yuan,.a.MS.chemistry.student.at.RIT,.joined.the.lab.in.September.after.four.years.as.an.engineer.with.the.Qingdao.Quick.Prosperous.Logistics.Company.in.China..She.is.studying.isotropic.and.anisotropic.diffusion.of.water.in.constrained.materials..The.aim.of.her.research.is.to.develop.diffusion.phantoms.for.MRI..

Andrew Coy,.CEO.of.Magritek.Limited.in.Wellington.New.Zealand,.started.a.collaboration.with.the.lab.measuring.the.hydrogen.NMR.spin-lattice.relaxation.rate.values.of.hydrated.real-sand.at.the.Earth’s.magnetic.field..

Gianni Ferrante,.President.of.Stelar,.s.r.l.in.Mede.Italy,.continued.his.collaboration.with.the.lab..measuring.hydrogen.NMR..spin-lattice.relaxation.rate.values..of.hydrated.real-sand.as.a.function.of.magnetic.field.

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Conference Presentations

1...C.L..Bray,.R.G..Bryant,.M.J..Cox,.G..Ferrante,.Y..Goddard,.S..Sur,.and.J.P..Hornak,.The.1H.NMR.R1.of.Some.Hydrated.Synthetic.and.Natural.Sands,.9th.Inter-national.Conference.on.Magnetic.Resonance.in.Porous.Media,.Cambridge,.MA.July.2008..

2...S-Y..Moon,.J.P..Hornak,.A.3D.Volume.Resolution.Phantom.for.MRI,.10th.Upstate.NY.NMR.Symposium,.Rochesterm,.NY,.October.2008.

3...B..Lipchick,.J..Swartzenberg,.N..Conway,.G..Smith,.J.P..Hornak,.Evidence.for.and.Against.Transmetallation.between.Cu.and.Omniscan®,.10th.Upstate.NY.NMR.Symposium,.Rochesterm,.NY,.October.2008.

4...M..Cheung,.R..Boswell,.B..Lipchick,.T.W..Smith,.C.L..Bray,.J.P..Hornak,.A.Low.Dielectric.Constant.High-Con-ductivity.Filler.Material.for.MRI.Phantoms,.10th.Upstate.NY.NMR.Symposium,.Rochester,.NY,.October.2008..

5...C.L..Bray,.R.G..Bryant,.M.J..Cox,.G..Ferrante,.Y..God-dard,.S..Sur,.J.P..Hornak,.The.1H.NMR.R1.of.Some.Hydrated.Synthetic.and.Natural.Sands,.2008.NY.State.Complex.Matter.Workshop,.Cornell.University,.Ithaca,.NY,.December.2008..

6...J.P..Hornak,.G..Ferrante,.A..Coy,.E..McCarney,.A.1H.NMR.Spin-Lattice.Relaxation.Time.Study.of.Asilomar.Sands,.50th.Experimental.NMR.Conference,.Asilomar,.CA.March.2009..

Publications1...C.L..Bray,.R.G..Bryant,.M.J..Cox,.G..Ferrante,.Y..

Goddard,.S..Sur,.J..P..Hornak,.The.Proton.Nuclear.Magnetic.Resonance.Spin-Lattice.Relaxation.Rate.of.Some.Hydrated.Synthetic.and.Natural.Sands..Diffusion.Fundamentals.10:8.1-8.3.(2009)..

New Equipment & FacilitiesThe.lab.acquired.a.Magritek.Terranova-MRI,.an.Earth's.field.magnetic.resonance.imaging.system.and.nuclear.magnetic.resonance.spectrometer..The.instrument.will.allow.us.to.mea-sure.the.hydrogen.spin-lattice.relaxation.rate.of.hydrated.soils.at.the.Earth’s.magnetic.field.of.0.5.Gauss..

65

OpticsOverviewAn.optics.thrust.was.reestablished.with.the.hiring.of.Prof..Grover.Swartzlander,.who.came.on.board.in.January.2009...He.brings.experimental.and.theoretical.experience.in.multiple.areas.of.physical.optics,.including.optical.vortices,.optical.tweezers,.optical.coronagraphs,.holography,.nonlinear.optics,.coherence,.and.micro-optical.elements...A.strength.in.optics.will.provide.graduate.and.undergraduate.students.with.opportunities.to.(1).gain.fundamental.knowledge.of.optical.principles.in.a.core.area.of.imaging.science,.and.(2).to.conduct.and.publish.novel.research.in.several.exciting.frontiers.of.optics.

Current Research Themes

1)..Optical.Vortex.Coronagraph—design.a.high.contrast.imaging.instrument.to.detect.biomarkers.on.Earth-like.exoplanets,

. 2)...Optical.Tweezers.—develop.laser.based.non-contact.micromanipulation.techniques.for.controlling.microm-eter.sized.objects.such.as.biological.cells.or.rare.particles,

. 3)..Polarization-based.beam.shaping.—use.vectographic.print-ing.techniques.to.control.the.amplitude.and.phase.of.light,

. 4)...Micro-optic.fabrication—use.photolithography.and.electron.beam.lithography.to.create.precision.optical.elements.such.as.vortex.lenses.

Local and International CollaborationsProf..Scott.Williams,.School.of.Print.Media,.RIT

Dr..Alan.Raisanen,.Semiconductor.and.Microsystems.Fabrica-tion.Laboratory,.RIT

Dr..Steven.Martin,.Systems.Technology.Dept.,.Sandia.National.Laboratories

Dr..Aaron.Gin,.Center.for.Integrated.Nanotechnolgy,.Sandia.National.Laboratories

Dr..Daniel.Wilson,.Jet.Propulsion.Laboratory

Prof..Greg.Gbur,.Physics.Dept.,.Univ..N..Carolina.at.Charlotte

Prof..Alexander.Volyar,.Taurida.National.University,.Ukraine

Prof..Mark.Dennis,.Univ..of.Bristol,.United.Kingdom

Recent PublicationsGrover.A..Swartzlander,.Jr., “The optical vortex coronagraph,“.J..Opt..A:.Pure.Appl..Opt..11,.094022.(2009).

Grover.A..Swartzlander,.Jr.,.Arvind.Marathay,.Jennifer.M..Harwell,.Joshua.Gordon,.and.Jason.Figueiredo,.“Optical Vortex Vectographs,”.Optics.Letters.34,.1216-1218,.(2009).

Grover.A..Swartzlander,.Jr.,.Erin.L..Ford,.Rukiah.S..Abdul-Malik,.Laird.M..Close,.Mary.Anne.Peters,.David.M..Palacios,.and.Daniel.W..Wilson,..“Astronomical demonstration of an optical vortex coronagraph,”.Optics.Express.16,.10200-10207.(2008).

Tatyana.Fadeyeva,.Alexander.Rubass,.Yuriy.Egorov,.Alexan-der.Volyar,.and.Grover.Swartzlander,.Jr., “Quadrefringence of optical vortices in a uniaxial crystal,”.J..Opt..Soc..Am..A.25,.1634-1641.(2008).

Greg.Gbur.and.Grover.A..Swartzlander,.Jr.,.“Complete trans-verse representation of a correlation singularity of a partially coherent field,” J..Opt..Soc..Am..B.25,.1422-1429.(2008).

Transmission electron microscope operating at 200 kV.

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Nanoimaging Research LaboratoryThe.NanoImaging.Lab.has.just.completed.its.third.year.of.operation..The.Lab.is.divided.into.three.facilities:.Micros-copy,.Fabrication.and.Evaluation.of.Imaging.Devices,.and.Nanoparticle.Synthesis..

Microscopy..In.this.facility.we.characterize.materials.by.imaging,.electron.diffraction,.and.x-ray.microanalysis..Ongo-ing.work.focuses.on.correlating.polymer.particle.size.and.structure.with.synthesis.methods..Prof.Matt.Miri’s.group,.Chemistry,.is.synthesizing.high-density.polyethylene.particles.in.a.starch.binder.with.a.goal.of.developing.largely.biode-gradable.plastic.film..We.are.using.the.TEM.to.image.the.polymer.particles.to.characterize.their.size,.size.distribution,.and.morphology..We.also.use.the.SEM.to.image.cross.sec-tions.of.films.designed.to.mimic.what.would.happen.if.the.material.were.used.to.fabricate.plastic.bags..

We.have.also.initiated.a.collaboration.with.Prof.Benjamin.Varela.in.Mechanical.Engineering..Prof.Varela’s.research.interest.is.in.the.use.of.geopolymers.(ceramics).as.construc-tion.materials..We.have.used.the.SEM.to.both.image.the.material.and.provide.elemental.analysis.via.x-ray.microanaly-sis..Examples.are.given.in.Fig..1..

Prof.Davide.Mariotti’s.research.is.in.nanofabrication.and.we.are.imaging.materials.and.devices.fabricated.by.his.students..We.have.also.worked.with.R..DiLeo,.NanoPower.Research.Labs,.to.image.a.complex.between.tin.and.carbon.nanotubes,.as.illustrated.in.Fig..2.

Fabrication and Evaluation of Imaging Devices..We.continue.to.build.our.expertise.in.fabrication.of.organic-based.light-emitting.devices.(LEDs)..Our.ultimate.goal.is.to.fabricate.hybrid.devices.in.which.inorganic.nanocrystals.are.the.light-emitting.element.and.the.organic.layers.are.used.for.strictly.electron.and.hole.transport..A.necessary.prerequisite.to.that.goal.is.building.devices.that.use.the.organic.material.to.emit.light..These.are.commonly.called.organic.light-emit-ting.devices.(OLEDs),.which.are.further.characterized.on.the.basis.of.whether.the.devices.use.small.molecules.that.are.vacuum.evaporated.to.form.the.device.structure.(SMOLEDs).or.polymeric.materials.that.are.typically.fabricated.by.spin-coating.techniques.(PLEDs)..We.are.just.beginning.our.study.of.PLED.devices.

We.have.made.much.progress.in.the.SMOLED.category.and.are.now.reproducibly.fabricating.devices.whose.opto-electronic.characteristics.are.consistent.with.those.pub-lished.in.the.scientific.literature..Figure.3.shows.some.of.our.results,.including.a.schematic.cross.section.of.the.device.on.the.right-hand.side..Holes.are.injected.from.the.left-hand.side.of.the.device.via.the.indium.tin.oxide.(ITO).layer.and.the.polymer.buffer.layer.(PSS:PEDOT).and.finally.into.the.hole.transport.layer.(TPD)..Meanwhile.electrons.are.injected.from.the.right-hand.side.via.the.aluminum.cathode.and.LiF.layers.into.the.electron.transport.layer.(Alq3)..With.balanced.charge.injection,.which.is.part.of.the.optimization.of.the.device.structure,.the.electrons.and.holes.meet.in.the.Alq3.layer.and.form.an.exciton,.which.decays.by.emitting.a.photon.(green.in.this.device.structure)..

The.data.shown.in.the.left-hand.side.of.Fig..3.pertain.to.an.experiment.in.which.we.varied.the.placement.of.the.LiF.buf-fer.layer..LiF.was.deposited.either.under.the.cathode,.above.the.PEDOT:PSS.layer,.placed.at.both.sites,.or.placed.below.the.cathode.and.between.the.TPD.and.Alq3.layers..The.best.device.was.that.with.LiF.only.below.the.cathode..Personnel.involved:.Omkar.Vyavahare.and.Nikita.Surve,.both.graduate.students.in.the.Materials.Science.&.Engineering.program.Fig. 1. Example SEM images of ceramic material with different el-

emental compositions

Fig. 3. (Left) Device efficiency vs applied voltage for different loca-tions of the LiF buffer layer (see text for details). (Right) Basic device schematic showing one possible location for the LiF buffer layer.

Fig. 2. Image of a tin-CNT complex. The dark areas are the tin clusters adsorbed to the bundle of carbon nanotubes.

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Nanocrystal Synthesis..We.are.synthesizing.nanocrys-tals.composed.of.CeO

2,.which.are.currently.intended.for.a.

nonimaging.application..These.are.grown.by.an.aqueous.precipitation.route.that.is.“green”.and.inherently.scalable..The.techniques.we.are.developing.can.be.readily.applied.to.other.compositions.that.have.more.imaging.relevance..

Of.importance.to.the.potential.application.is.whether.or.not.the.nanocrystals.we.produce.are.crystalline..With.the.help.of.M..Rodriguez.at.SUNY.Albany.we.were.able.to.obtain.high-resolution.TEM.pictures.of.our.material.as.shown.in.Fig..4..These.images.show.lattice.planes.characteristic.of.crystalline.material..Electrons.moving.down.the.columns.are.retarded.in.phase.via.their.interaction.with.the.crystal.atoms,.whereas.those.electrons.moving.down.the.spaces.between.lattice.plans.are.not..The.result.is.an.interference.pattern.character-istic.of.crystalline.material..Measurement.of.spacing.between.the.planes,.as.well.as.fast.Fourier.transforms.of.the.individual.particles,.show.that.the.imaged.planes.are.characteristic.of.the.(111).planes.for.CeO2

..

As.crystal.size.decreases.the.general.expectation.is.that.the.lattice.constant.of.the.crystal.should.decrease.due.to.surface.tension.and.other.forces..But,.just.the.opposite.is.seen.in.CeO2

..The.published.literature.supports.the.observation,.but.the.mechanism.causing.this.effect.is.controversial..Some.have.suggested.that.the.expansion.is.due.to.reduction.of.the.crystal.to.Ce2

O3,.a.form.that.would.be.useless.for.our.

intended.application.of.this.material..We.have.extended.the.particle.size.down.to.1.1.nm.diameter,.smaller.than.any.other.published.result..Our.electron.diffraction.analysis.shows.that.the.material.is.still.CeO2

.at.this.size,.hopefully.clearing.up.the.disputed.interpretation.of.the.lattice.expansion..Personnel.involved:.Gary.DiFrancesco,.Associate.Scientist..Project.sup-ported.by.Cerion.Energy,.Inc.

Course and Outreach Support..The.Microscopy.Facil-ity.has.become.a.popular.resource.for.supporting.various.CIS/COS/COE.courses..In.the.last.year.it.has.been.used.to.support.Introduction.to.Electron.Microscopy,.Imaging.Sci-ence.Fundamentals.(two.sections),.Frontiers.in.Science,.and.Introduction.to.Nanotechnology..In.addition,.the.Microscopy.Facility.has.supported.outreach.events.including.one.CIS.Open.Houses,.the.CIS.High.School.Intern.program,.and.a.cooperative.venture.between.CIS.and.the.Rush-Henrietta.School.District..

Publications and PatentsR. K. Hailstone, A. G. DiFrancesco, J. G. Leong, T. D. Allston, K. J. Reed,.“A.Study.of.Lattice.Expansion.in.CeO2.by.Transmission.Electron.Microscopy”,.J..Physical.Chemistry.C,.113,.15155-15159.(2009).

R. K. Hailstone, A. G. DiFrancesco, J. G. Leong, T. D. Allston, K. J. Reed,.“Preparation.and.Characterization.of.CeO2.Nanoparticles”,.Fall.MRS.Proceedings,.(2008).

O. Vyavahare, R. K. Hailstone,.“Enhanced.Performance.of.Organic.Light-Emitting.Diodes.Using.a.LiF.Buffer.Layer”,.Spring.MRS.Proceedings.(2009).

A. G. DiFrancesco, T. D. Allston, R. K. Hailstone, A. Langner, K. J. Reed,.“Fuel.Additive.Containing.Lattice.Engi-neered.Cerium.Dioxide.Nanoparticles”,.US.Patent.App.PCT/US08/87133,.December.(2008).

Grants and Contracts FY09Cerion.Energy,.$135k

FacilitiesMicroscopy:.JEOL.6400V.scanning.electron.microscope.with.a.LaB6.electron.gun.and.energy.dispersive.X-ray.analysis.for.elemental.detection..JEOL.2000FX.transmission.electron.microscope.with.energy.dispersive.X-ray.analysis.for.elemen-tal.detection.(See.frontpiece.for.a.picture)..JEOL.100CX.II.transmission.electron.microscope..Reichert.Jung.ultramicro-tome.for.cross-section.preparation..Nikon.9000.Film.Scanner.

Device Fabrication and Evaluation:.Denton.vacuum.coater,.Laurell.spin.coater,.Keithly.digital.source.meter.for.I-V.curves,.Ocean.Optics.monochromator.for.electrolumines-cence.spectra.and.radiance.measurement.

Nanocrystal Synthesis:.Three-.and.nine-liter.reactors.for.precipitation.of.inorganic.nanocrystals,.with.extensive.process.control.by.Labview.software..Brookhaven.dynamic.light.scat-tering.instrument.for.particle.size.measurement.

Fig. 4. High-resolution TEM image of CeO2 nanocrystals.

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Laboratory for Space Weather Alert TechnologiesOverview:

This.has.been.the.inaugural.year.for.RIT’s.Laboratory.for.Space.Weather.Alert.Technologies.(LSWAT)..During.this.initial.year.of.operation,.the.lab.has.acquired.three.dual.frequency.GPS.antenna.receivers..With.the.participation.of.four.under-graduate.researchers.(Kim.Doyle,.Soham.Ghosh,.Matthew.Marsh.and.Galen.Doser),.three.RIT.building.sites.were.select-ed.to.host.each.of.the.three.receivers..To.date,.one.of.these.receivers.has.been.installed.on.Building.17,.and.the.process.is.well.underway.to.install.the.remaining.two..Armed.with.these.receivers,.LSWAT.researchers.will.be.able.to.perform.real.time.three-dimensional.imaging.of.the.Earth’s.ionosphere..This.data,.coupled.with.live.data.from.a.variety.of.NASA.deep.space.solar.probes,.will.allow.the.development.of.advanced.artificial.intelligence.algorithms.that.will.seek.to.predict.the.arrival.of.severe.space.weather.storms.days.before.they.affect.the.earth’s.power.grid.and.communications.infrastructure..

Staff:The.LSWAT.group.consists.of.two.faculty.members.and.six.student.researchers..Dr..Roger.Dube.is.the.Principal.Investiga-tor.and.directs.the.overall.project..Dr..Chance.Glenn,.Jr..(a.faculty.member.in.CAST).is.also.an.active.participant.in.the.project..Undergraduate.students.include.Kim.Doyle,.Soham.Ghosh,.Matthew.Marsh.and.Galen.Doser..Santosh.Suresh,.a.PhD.candidate.in.CIS,.has.recently.joined.the.team.and.seeks.to.conduct.his.thesis.work.on.space.weather.prediction..Kevin.Miller,.a.graduate.student.in.Computer.Science,.has.conducted.research.to.develop.dynamically.learning.artificial.intelligence.algorithms. Current Research:

Data.Aggregation:.The.task.of.identifying.precursors.that.can.reliably.predict.the.future.arrival.of.a.solar.space.weather.storm.requires.the.use.of.a.wide.variety.of.data.sources..Over.the.years,.NASA.has.launched.many.satellites.into.orbit.whose.primary.task.is.to.provide.real.time.solar.data,.including.images.at.various.wavelengths,.particle.flux,.x-ray.intensities.and.more..The.team.has.constructed.a.data.aggregator.that.will.provide.local.researchers.with.access.to.such.data.span-ning.a.long.period.of.time..

Ionospheric.modeling:.The.real.time.acquisition.of.ionospheric.

data.requires.the.development.of.both.data.analysis.algo-rithms.that.convert.GPS.signals.to.line.of.sight.total.electron.content.(TEC).as.well.as.algorithms.that.perform.triangulation.and.interpretation.of.this.data.for.3D.visualization.of.iono-spheric.activities..

Artificial.Intelligence:.In.order.to.predict.the.future.arrival.of.space.weather.storms,.the.above.library.of.databases.must.be.digested.and.specific.precursors.extracted.from.the.data..This.requires.the.development.of.AI.recognition.and.prediction.algorithms..In.this.regard,.Dr..Glenn.has.been.working.with.Santosh.Suresh.to.implement.D-Transform.technology..Those.algorithms.are.working.and.are.being.modified.to.accept.image.data.as.well.as.single.temporal.data..Neural.network.algorithms.historically.require.retraining.whenever.new.data.is.added.to.the.training.set..With.a.continually.growing.data-base.of.multiple.sources,.this.characteristic.rapidly.becomes.undesirable..To.correct.this,.Kevin.Miller,.a.graduate.student.in.computer.science,.has.developed.a.neural.network.algorithm.that.incrementally.learns.new.information.without.the.need.for.

retraining..A.publication.is.being.prepared.for.submission..

Outreach:

Dr..Dube.continues.to.bring.his.personal.connections.with.the.local.Native.American.community.to.the.research.activities.at.RIT..This.past.spring,.he.hosted.visits.from.the.Seneca.Nation.of.Indians.(shown.in.the.attached.photo).where.he.and.CIS.graduate.student.Santosh.Suresh.explained.the.Labora-tory’s.mission.and.research.to.multiple.groups.of.students.from.Seneca.Nation..Working.with.Dr..Jason.Younker.and.Dr..Paul.Shipman.of.the.Future.Stewards.program,.this.outreach.seeks.to.interest.local.Native.American.high.school.students.in.scientific.research.as.they.consider.their.future.college.careers.

Dr. Roger L. Easton and his research collaborators at St. Catherine’s Monastery in the Sinai Desert of Egypt.

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71

Historical Manuscript RestorationImaging of Historical Manuscripts By Roger L. Easton, Jr.Activities.of.this.laboratory.were.directed.primarily.at.further.imaging.and.image.processing.of.the.Archimedes.Palimp-sest.and.of.a.9th–century.Syriac.palimpsest.owned.by.the.same.individual..The.original.text.of.the.Syriac.manuscript.may.be.a.medical.textbook..Selected.leaves.from.this.manuscript.were.imaged.in.February.2009.and.plans.have.been.developed.to.image.the.entire.manuscript.in.early.2010.using.the.same.tools.and.algorithms.developed.for.the.Archimedes.palimpsest..

One.of.the.original.texts.in.the.Archimedes.palimpsest.is.a.partial.manuscript.(seven.leaves).of.a.commentary.on.Aristo-tle’s.“Categories”.by.Alexander.of.Aphrodisias..The.scholars.had.found.the.text.on.these.leaves.to.be.very.difficult.to.read,.even.after.pseudocolor.image.processing..Dr..William.Noel.of.the.Walters.Art.Museum.challenged.the.imaging.team.to.work.intensively.on.these.images.over.the.Christmas.holidays.in.2008.to.assist.the.scholarly.transcription..First-year.imag-ing.science.undergraduate.student.Kevin.Bloechl.took.up.the.challenge,.and.within.one.day,.he.had.demonstrated.a.method.that.successfully.retrieved.much.of.the.lost.text..He.performed.principal.component.analysis.on.RGB.images.collected.under.ultraviolet.illumination..In.other.words,.he.ana-lyzed.the.spectrum.of.the.fluorescent.light.emitted.by.these.leaves..The.original.undertext.appears.almost.as.by.magic,.which.has.allowed.scholars.to.transcribe.more.than.90%.of.the.text.on.these.pages.where.formerly.only.about.10%.might.have.been.read..

The.laboratory.is.now.currently.working.with.the.Preservation,.Research,.and.Technology.Directorate.of.the.U.S..Library.of.Congress.to.develop.methods.for.imaging.watermarks.in.pa-per..Dr..Fenella.France.of.the.Library.is.collaborating.with.Dr..Roger.Easton.and.graduate.student.Francesca.Polo.in.this.one-year.project.that.is.aimed.at.replacing.the.former.method.of.beta.radiography.in.this.application.

An.imaging.team.including.Dr..Roger.L..Easton,.Jr..of.the.Carlson.Center,.surveyed.palimpsested.manuscripts.at.St..Catherine’s.Monastery.in.the.Sinai.in.September.2009..The.team.included.Dr..Keith.Knox.of.the.Air.Force.Research.Lab-

oratory.in.Kihei,.HI,.Dr..William.A..Christens-Barry.of.Equipoise.Imaging.in.Ellicott.City,.MD,.and.Ken.Boydston.of.Megavision,.Inc..in.Santa.Barbara,.CA,.Approximately.fifty.leaves.were.im-aged.under.the.supervision.of.Father.Justin.of.the.Monastery,.David.Cooper,.Director.of.Digital.Lightforms,.Ltd.,.U.K..and.former.Librarian.of.Corpus.Christi.College.at.Oxford.University..The.project.was.managed.by.Michael.Phelps,.Executive.Di-rector.of.the.Early.Manuscript.Electronic.Library.in.Rolling.Hills.Estates,.CA.and.Michael.Toth.of.R.B..Toth.Associates.of.Oak-ton,.VA..The.team.will.present.their.results.to.the.Monastery.and.then.propose.a.long-term.project.to.image.the.collection.of.palimpsests.

Additional.inquiries.have.been.received.from.Dr..Adrian.Wis-nicki,.Honorary.Research.Fellow.of.the.School.of.English.and.Humanities.at.Birkbeck.College.of.the.University.of.London,.who.is.trying.to.read.the.African.diaries.of.David.Living-

stone,.now.kept.at.the.David.Livinstone.Museum.in.Blantyre.Scotland,.and.from.Dr..Gregory.Heyworth.of.the.University.of.Mississippi,.who.is.trying.to.read.lacunae.of.a.manuscript.that.was.damaged.during.the.bombing.firestorm.in.Dresden..The.laboratory.is.actively.seeking.funding.for.these.activities.in.collaboration.with.these.scholars.

Dr..Easton.consulted.with.the.staff.of.the.National.Library.of.Medicine.at.the.Solid-Dose.Pharmaceutical.Imaging.Speci-fication.Meeting.and.to.the.Yad.Hanadiv.Foundation.of.Je-rusalem..The.laboratory.presented.at.the.ImagineRIT.festival.on.2.May.2009..Dr..Easton.presented.an.invited.talks.to.the.Rochester.Society.of.the.Archeological.Institute.of.America,.to.the.Rochester.Section.of.the.Optical.Society.of.America,.and.to.the.Friends.of.the.Linda.Hall.Library.in.Kansas.City.on.12.November.2009.

Frontiers of Science II (1099-261) students present their project work at the annual Imagine RIT festival. Their work received the most hits from the new “Tagg Imagine RIT” where visitors could

tag their favorite exhibits using their cell phones.

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73

Science

Learning

Landscapes

(K-12)

Stepping

Stones to

Research

(6-Grad)

Digital

Immersive

Environments

(6-Grad)

Family

Youth Science

Learning

(K-12)

The.RIT.Insight.Lab.for.Science.Outreach.and.Learning.Re-search,.led.by.Dr..Jake.Noel-Storr.and.Dr..Stefi.Baum,.contin-ues.to.develop,.test.and.deliver.cutting.edge.science.educa-tion.and.outreach.activities,.and.research.the.effectiveness.of.all.learners,.in.domains.centered.in.Astronomy,.Imaging.Science,.and.all.sciences.in.general..We.have.developed.five.key.working.areas.to.work.and.pursue.funding.in.–.Science.in.Digital.Immersive.Environments;.Family.Science.Learning;.Stepping.Stones.to.Research;.Learning.Landscapes;.and.Immersive.Science.Education.Experiences.

Over.the.summer.and.through.the.school.year.we.have.supported.over.twenty.undergraduate.students.in.astrophys-ics.research.projects.or.science.education.and.outreach.projects..Our.student.team.consisted.of.everything.from.high.school.juniors.to.college.seniors—from.five.of.the.seven.RIT.colleges.and.over.a.dozen.majors.on.the.RIT.campus..The.insight.lab.has.become.a.truly.interdisciplinary.learning.envi-ronment..A.group.of.three.of.our.students.won.an.award.for.the.best.presentation.during.the.RIT.Summer.Undergraduate.Research.Symposium.

To.provide.a.landscape.of.innovative.and.engaging.science.education.experiences.for.RIT.undergraduate.students,.we.offered.“Scientific.Community”,.“Hitchhikers.Guide.to.the.Galaxy”,.and.“Scientific.Mythbusting”.through.the.Honors.program..The.College.of.Science.Curriculum.Committee.ap-proved.our.interdisciplinary.science.class.sequence.“Frontiers.

of.Science”.as.a.lab.science.sequence.in.interdisciplinary.science..The.08/09.Frontiers.students.again.presented.their.work.at.the.annual.Imagine.RIT.festival—using.the.insight.lab.‘SCUBE’.(insight.cis.rit.edu/SCUBE).and.LIAS.IR.Imaging.of.campus.to.create.an.immersive,.explorable.model.of.the.thermal.emissions.of.buildings.of.campus,.within.a.Google.Earth.based.framework..The.Insight.Lab.has.become.the.hub.for.the.new.RIT.Astrobiology.club..The.president.and.vice-president.of.the.club.are.both.Insight.Lab.students,.and.Lab.Director.Dr..Noel-Storr.is.the.club’s.advisor.

To.promote.STEM.learning.on.the.national.stage,.we.have.continued.our.partnership.with.NASA’s.Solar.Dynamics.Observatory.Education.and.Outreach.team.based.at.the.Goddard.Spaceflight.Center.to.operate.AstroZone.and.Explo-ration.Station.ahead.of.the.National.Meetings.of.the.Ameri-can.Astronomical.Society.and.American.Geophysical.Union.respectively.along.with.K12.Educator.Receptions.alongside.each.event..Through.these.programs,.in.the.past.year.we.have.provided.engaging.STEM.events.for.communities.in.St..Louis,.MO,.Long.Beach,.CA,.and.San.Francisco,.CA..Locally.we.continued.to.run.a.successful.program.of.Astronomy.Overnights.for.the.Girl.Scouts.of.Western.New.York;.to.work.with.Rush.Henrietta.High.School.Students.on.research.and.digital.immersive.projects;.and.began.to.develop.a.new.Family.Science.program.to.begin.in.the.fall.of.2009.

Outreach

74

Our daily summer team meeting in the Insight Lab, students share their accomplishments of the day – pictured working together are high school interns, pre-freshmen researchers, undergraduates, and recent RIT graduates.

Girl Scouts of Western New York learn how to setup and use an 8” telescope as a part of their Reach for the Stars Overnight program hosted by the Insight Lab. During the year over 200 girls and their leaders took part in this popular program.

The Insight Lab’s Digital Immersive Science Cube (or SCUBE) on display in the RIT College of Science atrium to prospective students and their parents touring the RIT campus.

20090104_1635.jpg High School Students and Teachers meet with the Education Director of the American Institute of Physics at the semi-annual K12 Astronomy Educator Reception in Long Beach.

75

Johannes Kepler learns about the Kepler mission from a team from the SETI Institute exhibiting at AstroZone: St. Louis. Up to 500 visitors attend each AstroZone event hosted across the country.

RIT Alumni Russell Barkley and George Privon, Insight Lab Undergraduate Kevin Shimkus, and Prospective Student (now at RIT) Adam Simon join the Insight Lab/Solar Dynamics Observatory tour of the facilities at NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center.

RIT Alumni and Insight Lab staff help run the annual Family Science Overnight at the NASA Goddard Space-flight Center’s Visitor Center and “Rocket Garden”.

Rush Henrietta High School students developing a digi-tal immersive “Journey of a Photon” experience meet in the Center for Imaging Science to plan their work and collaborate with the Insight Lab team.

Astronomers, Teachers, and Astronomy Educators interact at the semi-annual K12 Astronomy Educator Reception, held in conjunction with the American Astro-nomical Society Conference, hosted by the Association for Astronomy Education and Operated by the Insight Lab and NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory.

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The CIS PlatypusThroughout.planning.for.outreach.materials.and.presenta-tions,.it.became.apparent.that.the.Center.for.Imaging.Science.was.in.need.of.a.defining.symbol,.metaphor,.or.mascot.to.help.illustrate.what.CIS.is.as.an.entity..Out.of.this,.the.CIS.Platypus.was.born..Imaging.Science.is.to.disciplines.as.the.platypus.is.to.the.animal.kingdom:.a.conglomeration.of.usually.independent.characteristics.all.brought.together.into.a.single.body..You.can.perhaps.consider.the.duck-bill.to.be.calculus;.the.beaver-like.tail.as.computer.science;.the.eggs.as.physics;.the.fur.as.engineering..So.far,.the.Platypus.concept.has.been.received.with.a.warm.welcome..

Prospective Student Outreach ProgramsI. CIS Intern ProgramCIS.ran.its.CIS.High.School.Intern.program.for.the.ninth.consecutive.summer.in.2008..A.total.of.15.students.were.accepted.as.interns..For.the.first.time.this.year,.the.RIT.interns.were.given.the.opportunity.to.interact.with.a.group.of.high.school.students.participating.in.a.similar.intern.program.at.the.University.of.Rochester..The.UR.interns,.who.worked.on.research.in.the.area.of.bioengineering,.visited.the.labs.used.by.their.imaging.science.counterparts,.hosted.a.tour.of.their.UR.labs.for.the.RIT.interns,.and.worked.together.with.the.RIT.interns.on.peer.reviews.of.each.group's.final.presentations.

The.following.table.lists.the.names.of.the.2008.RIT.imaging.science.summer.interns,.as.well.as.their.high.school.and.the.research.group.they.worked.with.

Summer CoursesIn.the.summer.of.2009,.CIS.offered.a.7-week,.4.credit.con-densed.course.based.on.the.first-year.course.Imaging.in.the.Physical.Sciences..This.course.was.offered.to.high.school.students.across.the.area.and.included.several.students.also.involved.in.the.Intern.Program..Five.students.successfully.completed.the.course.

College and CareersClassroom VisitsLooking.ahead,.CIS.hopes.to.broaden.its.contacts.with.K-12.schools..This.includes.both.schools.in.the.local.region,.as.well.as.across.the.country..The.way.we.wish.to.achieve.this.is.through.collaboration.with.CIS.alumni..Alumni.can.assist.by.pro-viding.CIS.with.contacts.for.schools.they.are.involved.in,.as.well.as.by.going.out.themselves.to.make.classroom.visits.utilizing.CIS-provided.materials.(See:.CIS.Street.Team)..

Special ProjectsAlumni InvolvementCIS.is.looking.to.increase.and.improve.alumni.relations.with..its.graduates..

An.Alumni.Involvement.Survey.questionnaire.will.be.going..out.soon.to.gauge.interest.in.Alumni.activities,.ranging..from.casual.gatherings,.to.social.networking,.to.“CIS..Street.Team”.participation..

Social EventsCIS.hosted.an.alumni.gathering.event.for.Washington,.DC.and.Virginia.alumni.in.June,.2008,.with.nearly.30.alumni.in.attendance.

In.the.next.year,.CIS.expects.to.host.an.alumni.gathering.in.each.of.our.5.largest.alumni.concentration.areas:.Rochester,.NY;.Washington,.DC;.Los.Angeles/San.Francisco,.California;.Philadelphia,.PA;.and.Boston,.MA..California.visits.will.most.likely.alternate.annually.between.Los.Angeles.and..San.Francisco.

Additional.events.will.be.held.in.Rochester.to.correspond.with.major.events,.such.as.RIT’s.Brick.City.Homecoming.as.well.as.the.Imagine.RIT.festival.in.the.spring.

Social NetworkingThe.Center.for.Imaging.Science.is.now.on.Facebook!.Please.become.a.“fan”.of.our.page.at.www.facebook.com/RITim-agingsci..Here.you.can.find.information.about.the.Center;.opportunities.for.potential.students,.current.students,.and.alumni;.links.to.interesting.Imaging-related.articles;.CIS.event.invitations;.discussion.boards;.as.well.as.general.announce-ments..It.is.also.a.great.way.to.find.former.classmates.and.reconnect.with.each.other!.We.encourage.anyone.involved.with.CIS.to.become.a.fan,.interact.with.the.site,.and.spread.the.word.to.others.

CIS.can.also.be.followed.on.Twitter.via.the.username.RITim-agingsci.

The “CIS Street Team”CIS.is.asking.for.Alumni.volunteers.to.help.spread.the.word.about.Imaging.Science..To.support.this.effort,.the.Center.for.Imaging.Science.is.currently.forming.the.“CIS.Street.Team”..Planning.for.this.effort.is.still.in.its.beginning.stages;.however.several.foundations.have.been.laid..Members.of.this.team.will.show.a.commitment.to.advancing.awareness.of.the.Center.in.their.communities..Different.levels.of.involvement.will.exist.to.allow.for.flexibility.of.participation..Materials.and.orientation.will.be.provided.to.Street.Team.members.to.prepare.them.to.go.out.and.promote.Imaging.Science.in.their.communities..Gifts.and.incentives.will.be.awarded.to.those.who.volunteer..While.official.sign.up.information.will.be.a.part.of.the.Alumni.Involve-ment.Survey,.participation.may.be.arranged.in.advance.by.contacting.Bethany.Choate.at.choate@cis.rit.edu.

To.ensure.that.you.are.included.in.CIS.mailings,.please.update.your.contact.info.with.us..Our.internal.database.is.separate.from.RIT,.RIT.Admissions,.and.RIT.Alumni.Relations;.so.be.sure.to.update.your.information.with.them.separately,.if.you.wish.to.do.so..Your.personal.information.will.not.be.shared.without.your.consent..Please.complete.and.mail.the.enclosed.contact.form,.or.complete.this.information.online.at.http://somewebsite.com.

Ph.D. graduates Mahdi Nezamabadi and Mahnaz Mohammadi

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Imaging Science is a family affair for Ph.D. graduatesMahdi.Nezamabadi.and.Mahnaz.Mohammadi.were.studying.textile.chemistry.in.Iran.when.they.became.interested.in.color.science.

That.led.them.to.RIT’s.Chester.F..Carlson.Center.for.Imaging.Science.

“We.found.RIT.on.the.Internet,”.says.Mahdi..His.wife,.Mahnaz,.was.first.to.apply.and.be.accepted.into.the.imaging.science.Ph.D..program..They.intended.to.move.to.Roches-ter.in.fall.2001..But.it.was.difficult.to.get.visas.

They.finally.received.the.necessary.documents.and.Mahdi,.Mahnaz.and.their.4-year-old.son.Navid.arrived.in.the.U.S..on.January.of.2002..As.that.was.in.the.middle.of.RIT’s.winter.quarter,.they.stayed.with.her.sister.in.Albany,.N.Y.,.and.moved.to.Rochester.in.time.for.spring.quarter.

When.Mahnaz.went.to.her.first.meeting.with.her.Ph.D..adviser,.Roy.Berns,.Mahdi.came.along..By.the.end.of.the.conversation,.it.was.clear.that.Mahdi.was.interested.in.the.program.as.well..

“Fortunately,.I.could.accept.them.both,”.says.Berns,.the.Richard.S..Hunter.Professor,.Munsell.Color.Science.Labora-tory..“It.ended.up.being.a.good.call..They.did.very,.very.well.”

“We.had.a.very.good.experience.at.RIT,”.says.Mahdi..“Ev-eryone.was.very.supportive.”.Their.son.attended.day.care.on.campus..CIS.associates.helped.with.rides.until.they.got.drivers.licenses..They.made.friends..And.“Roy.Berns.helped.us.very.much.”

Still,.“The.first.year.was.a.little.bit.hard,”.says.Mahdi..For.one.thing,.their.background.was.in.math.and.chemistry,.while.most.imaging.science.graduate.students.come.out.of.electri-cal.engineering.and.physics.

Berns.says.they.brought.some.new.perspective.because.of.their.academic.background.and.also.as.the.first.Ph.D..stu-dents.from.Iran..“They.knew.very.little.about.imaging.when.they.came,”.says.Berns,.“but.they.knew.color..They.were.

excellent.researchers,.each.with.their.own.approach.”

Mahnaz.completed.her.Ph.D..in.Feb.2009,.and.Mahdi.in.May.2008..They.now.live.in.Moorestown,.N.J.,.about.halfway.between.their.jobs..Mahdi.and.Mahnaz.were.hired.by.Dolby.and.DuPont.in.2007.when.they.were.still.work-ing.on.their.theses..Mahnaz.works.for.DuPont.in.the.color.research.area,.where.she.focuses.on.accuracy.of.color.matching.for.Automotive.Refinish.Paints..Mahdi.works.in.the.image.technology.research.division.at.the.company’s.facility.in.Pennsylvania..Dolby,.well.known.for.commercial.audio,.particularly.movie.sound,.has.a.growing.involvement.in.imag-ing.technology.

Their.son,.now.12,.is.in.seventh.grade..He’s.a.good.student.who.enjoys.school..

Conversations.around.the.dinner.table.often.revolve.around.science..But.it’s.a.bit.different.from.when.Mahdi.and.Mahnaz.were.students.at.RIT..“Most.of.the.things.that.both.of.us.are.working.on.are.confidential,”.says.Mahdi..“But,.sometimes.it’s.helpful.to.get.an.opinion.from.another.Ph.D.”

The.need.to.study.did.not.end.when.they.left.the.Center.for.Imaging.Science..

“Because.of.our.positions,.we.continue.to.study.to.keep.up.to.date,”.says.Mahdi..But.working.in.industry.is.different.than.the.university..Now,.the.focus.of.research.is.development.of.commercially.viable.outcomes.

But.their.RIT.education.is.serving.them.well,.Mahdi.believes.

“I.think.that.the.Ph.D..program.at.RIT.prepares.you.to.do.research.independently.”

Alumni

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Release Date: Jan. 19, 2009Contact:.Kathy.Lindsley(585)[email protected]

RIT’s first Ph.D. recipient follows trail to invention.

In.1993,.Bob.Loce.received.the.first.doctoral.degree.awarded.by.RIT,.thereby.becoming.the.first.person.in.the.world.to.earn.a.Ph.D..in.imaging.science.

By.then,.he.already.held.more.than.15.patents.

Today,.the.Xerox.principal.scientist.has.more.than.100.U.S..patents.to.his.credit,.reaching.that.milestone.before.reach-ing.his.50th.birthday.last.year..He.hasn’t.stopped.inventing:.Another.40.potential.patents.are.in.the.pipeline.

Loce.talks.about.his.work.as.if.nothing.could.be.more.fun.that.developing.a.“Method.of.Selective.Edge.Softening.and.Rendering.for.the.Suppression.of.Halo,”.the.subject.of.his.100th.patent.

“At.Xerox,.you’re.encouraged.to.invent,”.he.says..“If.you.write.proposals.that.seem.promising,.you.get.to.work.on.your.own.ideas.”

Loce.has.been.particularly.productive..Fewer.than.20.Xerox.scientists.have.as.many.patents,.and.of.those,.“I’m.on.the.young.end,”.he.says.

“If.you’re.going.to.invent,.you.have.to.be.comfortable.pre-senting.your.ideas..You.have.to.be.open.to.criticism..I.think.that’s.an.advantage.I.had,”.he.says..“I.was.never.afraid.to.get.criticized.”

Loce.grew.up.in.Rochester.and.joined.Xerox.as.a.lab.techni-cian.in.1981.after.receiving.an.associate’s.degree.in.optical.engineering.technology.from.Monroe.Community.College.

“It.was.a.great.job,”.he.says..“I.was.working.with.Xerox.scien-tists,.Corning.scientists..It.was.wonderful.”

While.working.full-time.at.Xerox,.he.earned.his.B.S..in.1985.in.Photographic.Science.from.RIT’s.College.of.Continuing.Education..Meanwhile,.he.was.already.writing.patent.propos-als,.and.his.first.patent.was.issued.in.1987..Loce.completed.an.M.S..degree.in.Optical.Engineering.from.the.University.of.Rochester,.then.returned.to.RIT.for.the.Ph.D..program—RIT’s.first—all.while.on.the.job.at.Xerox.

“RIT.had.the.right.mix.of.theory,.concepts.and.broad.subjects.as.well.as.specific.applications.for.me,”.he.says..He.was.able.to.immediately.apply.his.academic.work.to.projects.at.Xerox,.including.his.Ph.D..thesis.research..The.thesis.ultimately.became.a.book,.Enhancement.and.Restoration.of.Digital.Documents:.Statistical.Design.of.Nonlinear.Algorithms.(SPIE.Press,.1997).

By.the.time.Loce.was.working.on.the.Ph.D.,.it.had.become.a.bit.easier.to.juggle.work,.school.and.family.life:.Xerox.allowed.him.two.days.a.week.to.devote.to.the.doctoral.program..The.investment.paid.off.well.for.the.company.

“Among.Bob’s.many.contributions.are.inventions.that.provided.a.foundation.for.Xerox’s.transition.from.light.lens.technology.to.products.based.on.laser.imaging,.inventions.that.made.high-light.color.printing.possible,.and.more.recently,.inventions.cov-ering.image.processing.technology.used.in.the.iGen3.Digital.Production.Press.and.the.Xerox.Nuvera.digital.printers,”.says.Sophie.Vandebroek,.chief.technology.officer.and.president.of.the.Xerox.Innovation.Group..“In.addition.to.his.own.inventions,.he.has.mentored.many.other.researchers,.helping.to.sustain.our.culture.of.innovation.in.the.Xerox.labs.”

More.recently,.Loce.has.been.working.on.development.of.image.processing.methods.for.color.electronic.printing..He.has.publications.and.many.patents.in.the.areas.of.halftoning,.digital.image.rendering,.optics,.imaging.systems,.and.digital.image.enhancement.

A.few.years.ago,.Loce.and.associates.developed.a.multi-plexed.imaging.process.he.has.publicized.as.“switch-a-view.”.The.process.allows.multiple.color.images.to.be.printed.on.top.of.each.other..Different.images.show.up.when.viewed.under.different.colors.of.light.

“This.was.one.of.the.more.fun.things.we’ve.done,”.he.says..But.its.unlikely.that.it.will.become.part.of.a.Xerox.product,.he.says..At.some.point,.Xerox.could.license.the.technology.to.another.company..That.potential.source.of.revenue.makes.it.worthwhile.to.pursue.almost.any.good.idea.

Even.ideas.that.fail.are.valuable..“You.don’t.expand.the.boundaries.of.your.technology.by.always.working.on.a.sure.thing..You.have.to.advocate.for.ideas.that.are.risky.but.could.have.a.significant.pay.off,.and.you.have.to.be.comfortable.with.a.few.failures..Unless.you.are.failing.10.to.20.percent.of.the.time,.you.are.probably.being.too.conservative.in.generat-ing.ideas.and.inventing.new.technologies,”.Loce.says.

Loce.frequently.works.with.the.company’s.intellectual.property.experts..In.2002,.he.passed.the.U.S..patent.bar.exam,.mak-ing.him.a.registered.patent.agent.

When.he’s.not.pursuing.scientific.discovery,.Loce.likes.to.take.on.outdoor.challenges..He.has.climed.some.of.the.high-est.mountains.in.North.America..For.instance,.to.celebrate.completion.of.his.Ph.D..in.1993,.he.climbed.Popocatepetl,.an.18,000-foot.volcano.in.Mexico..In.the.past.few.years,.he.has.been.spending.a.great.deal.of.his.vacation.time.hiking.and.camping.in.the.Adirondacks.with.his.sons,.ages.10.and.13..He.recently.spent.a.week.of.very.challenging.backcountry.hiking.in.the.Wrangell.Mountains.in.Alaska.

As.a.kid,.he.rode.horses.on.the.site.of.today’s.RIT.campus—land.that.was.then.owned.by.his.grandparents,.Dominic.and.Francis.Bianchi.

“When.I.was.growing.up,.I.wanted.to.be.a.farmer.or.scientist,”.he.recalls..“I.was.of.the.generation.that.was.inspired.by.the.Apollo.astronauts.”

He.has.enjoyed.his.career.choice.and.believes.that.Rochester.is.an.ideal.place.for.a.technologist.or.scientist.

“Rochester.really.is.a.center.of.invention..Forbes.magazine.ranked.Rochester.first.in.innovation.with.the.highest.number.of.patents.issued.per.worker..Invention.is.part.of.the.Rochester.identity.and.we.need.to.let.the.world.know.about.it..We.inven-tors.and.city.leaders.shouldn’t.rest.until.we.hear.Silicon.Valley.say.they.are.the.Rochester.of.California.”


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You.can.support.the.Center's.academic,.research,.and.outreach.missions.by.making.a.contribution.through.the.RIT.web.site..Just.visit.www.rit.edu/giving,.and.click.on.the."Ways.To.Give".button..Be.sure.to.specify.in.the."comments".box.exactly.how.you.want.your.gift.to.be.used..For.example,."apply.my.gift.to.the.imaging.science.high.school.intern.program.".Your.generous.donation.will.help.ensure.that.the.Center.maintains.its.well-deserved.reputation.as.the.world.leader.in.imaging.education.and.research.

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging ScienceRochester Institute of Technology

54 Lomb Memorial DriveRochester New York 14623

(585) 475-5944

http://www.cis.rit.edu/

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science 2009 Annual Report

Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science 2009 …....

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