Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide
description
Transcript of Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide
![Page 1: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ChemistryUnit 3
Study GuideYou may use this study guide to
review for your test; practice your new skills or review old concepts.
Each topic has several questions relating to it, this should help with
giving you plenty of practice.
![Page 2: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Boyle’s LawA B C
Charles’ LawA B C
Combined Gas Law
A B C
States of Matter
A B C
Conservation of MassA B C
Phase Diagrams
A B C
Kinetic Molecular
TheoryA B C
Balancing Equations
A B C
Gas Law Equations
A B C
GraphsA B C
Mole Calculations
A B C
Kelvin ScaleA B C
![Page 3: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Boyle’s Law A
What does Boyle’s Law state?
That as the pressure on a gas increases the volume will decrease.
![Page 4: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Boyle’s Law B
What type of relationship do we see in Boyle’s Law?
Indirect relationship; as one variable goes up the other goes down.
![Page 5: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Boyle’s Law C
Using the Kinetic Theory of Matter explain how Boyle’s Law works.
Kinetic Theory states that the particles in a gas are very far apart. Therefore when you compress a gas the particles move closer but do not have contact.
![Page 6: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Charles’ Law A
What does Charles’ Law state?
That as you increase the temperature on a gas the volume will increase also.
![Page 7: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Charles’ Law B
What type of relationship do we see in Charles’ Law?
Direct Relationship, as one variable goes up so does the other.
![Page 8: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Charles’ Law C
Using the Kinetic Theory of Matter explain how Charles’ Law works.
Kinetic Theory states that as the temperature increases the atoms which are in constant motion will move faster and expand. This causes an increase in volume.
![Page 9: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Combined Gas Law A
What is the combined gas law?
It is the combination of Boyle’s and Charles’ Law because it is rare in the real world that only one variable will change at a time.
![Page 10: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Combined Gas Law B
What is the equation for the combined gas law?
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 orPV/T = k
![Page 11: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Combined Gas Law C
Describe a circumstance in which the combined gas law would be used.
Your answer should include a discussion of a temperature change and/or a pressure change and how the volume would change because of that.
![Page 12: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
States of Matter A
What are the three states of matter and how are they different according to the Kinetic Theory of Matter?
Solid: very slow moving, close together particlesLiquid: faster moving, they move in two dimensionsGas: very fast moving and very far apart, they move in three dimensions
![Page 13: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
States of Matter B
Is there ever a time where we can have more than one state of matter of the same material existing at a
time?
Yes, anytime it is going through a phase change we have two states existing at the same time.
![Page 14: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
States of Matter C
What do we call all the changes in phase and what phases are they going to?
Melting: solid-liquidBoiling: liquid-gasEvaporation: liquid- gas below boilingCondensation: gas- liquidFreezing: liquid- solidSublimation: solid-gas
![Page 15: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Conservation of Mass A
What does the Law of Conservation of Mass state?
That matter(mass) is neither created nor destroyed it simply changes form. This means that we cannot lose any mass in a chemical reaction.
![Page 16: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Conservation of Mass B
Conservation of Mass is used as the reason that we balance chemical equations; please explain why.
If mass cannot be created or destroyed then the number of atoms on one side of the chemical reaction should match the number on the other side.
![Page 17: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Conservation of Mass C
When you balance an equation do the elements have to be combined in the same way on both sides of the
equation?
No, as long as there is the same number of elements of each type.
![Page 18: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Phase Diagrams A
Using the phase diagram below please explain what is happening at the S-L line.
At the S-L line the substance is melting and freezing at various pressures.
![Page 19: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Phase Diagrams B
What is the pressure when the substance condenses at 50C?
200 mmHg; 400 mmHg; 20 mmHg
About 200 mmHg
![Page 20: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Phase Diagrams C
What is the triple point?
It is the point at which all 3 states of matter can exist at the same time.
![Page 21: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Kinetic Molecular Theory A
What does the kinetic theory state?
All gases consist of molecules and that those molecules are in motion. They are very far apart compared to solids and liquids and when they collide with each other it is perfectly elastic. The attractive forces between the gas molecules is very weak and that the temperature of a gas is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of the gas
![Page 22: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Kinetic Molecular Theory B
Using the kinetic theory explain why a liquid thermometer reads higher at higher temperatures.
The higher the temperature the faster the particles move and the more they collide with the thermometer. As they collide faster they apply pressure to the outside of the thermometer causing the liquid inside to rise higher.
![Page 23: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Kinetic Molecular Theory C
What do the dotted lines indicate on the graph below?
The boiling points for each set of molecules.
![Page 24: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Balancing Equations A
Balance the following equation:
__H2SO4 +__ NaCl → __Na2SO4 +__ HCl
1; 2; 1; 2
![Page 25: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Balancing Equations B
Balance the following equation:
__KI + __BPO4 → __K3PO4 + __BI3
3; 1; 1; 1
![Page 26: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Balancing Equations C
Balancing the following equation:
__C6H12O6 + __O2 → __CO2 + __H2O
1; 6; 6; 6
![Page 27: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Gas Law Equations A
A gas has an initial pressure of 1 atm and a volume of 4.6L. Pressure is applied to the gas decreasing the
volume to 2.2 L, what is the new pressure?
1atm x 4.6L = 2.2L x ?? = 2.1 atm
![Page 28: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Gas Law Equations B
A gas has a temperature of 125 C and a volume of 11.3 L, if the volume is increased to 5.3 L what is the
new temperature?
11.3L/ 398 = 5.3L / T
189 K
![Page 29: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Gas Law Equations C
A gas has a volume of 12.3 mL at STP, what volume will it occupy at 100C and 4 atm?
12.3 ml( 1atm)/ 273 = V(4 atm)/373
4.20 ml
![Page 30: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Graphs A
What law does the following graph represent? What relationship is it?
Indirect relationship; Boyle’s Law
![Page 31: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Graphs B
What relationship is shown by the graph below, what gas law is it?
Direct relationship; Charles’ Law
![Page 32: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Graphs C
In the graph below, as we move to the right what is happening to the temperature?
It is increasing
![Page 33: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Mole Calculations A
If there is 55 g of CO2 gas, how many moles is that?
55 g / 44 g/mole = 1.25 moles of CO2
![Page 34: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Mole Calculations B
If we have 3 moles of a gas how many liters does it take up?
3 moles x 22.4 L/mole = 67.2 L
![Page 35: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Mole Calculations C
If there 1.204 x 1024 molecules of H2 in a beaker, how many L will that take up?
1.204 x 10 24/ 6.02 x 1023 = 2 moles2 moles x 22.4 L /mole = 44.8 L
![Page 36: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Kelvin Scale A
How do we convert between C and K?
K = C +273
![Page 37: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Kelvin Scale B
What do we convert to Kelvin when we solve Charles and Combined gas law equations?
Because the Kelvin scale is based on absolute zero you can never have a negative value.
![Page 38: Chemistry Unit 3 Study Guide](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814385550346895db000a2/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Kelvin Scale C
What is 551 K in C?
278 C